Host plants of the home invading nuisance pest, Mupli beetle, Luprops tristis (Fabricius, 1801) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in agribelts of South India

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
Aswathi P ◽  
Sabu Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
South India ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Senescent Leaf ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Tender Leaf

Presence of home invading nuisance pest Luprops tristis (Fabricius, 1801) in nonrubber belts and its generalist feeding behavior lead to assessment of its feeding preference on the leaves of common litter contributing plants in agribelts in south India. Bioassays with leaves of 17 plants namely, cashew, cassia, cocoa, flowering murdah golden flame tree, Indian-beech, Indian kino, jackfruit, macaranga, mahogany, mango, mexican lilac, raintree, rubber, tamarind, teak and wild jack were carried out. General bias towards tender leaves of most plants was distinct. Based on Leaf age related variation in feeding rates, host plant were categorised as tender leaf preferred, both tender and senescent leaves preferred and senescent leaf preferred. Based on leaf consumption rates, host plants were broadly categorized as most preferred, moderately preferred, low preferred and least preferred, and its implications are discussed. Aggressive feeding on leaves of many plants abundant in non-rubber agriculture belts necessitates their monitoring in the litter stands of the cited plants in non-rubber belts for preventing its establishment as uncontrollable nuisance pest across south India.

scholarly journals Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Bin Shi ◽  
Shuo Yan ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Li-Min Zheng ◽  
Zhan-Hong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Volatile Profile ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Buchnera Aphidicola ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Volatile Profiles

Abstract Background Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, and the obligate endosymbiont, Buchnera aphidicola to explore this uncharted territory. Results Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont B. aphidicola can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae, in which lower abundance of B. aphidicola was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower B. aphidicola titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result, M. persicae changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants. Conclusions We conclude that CMV infection reduces the B. aphidicola abundance in M. persicae. When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

Influence of Early Lactation Assistance on Inpatient Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates

2020 ◽  
pp. 089033442095796
Author(s):  
Keyaria D. Gray ◽  
Emily A. Hannon ◽  
Elizabeth Erickson ◽  
Ariana B. Stewart ◽  
Charles T. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Lactation Consultant ◽  
Childhood Illnesses ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
Birth Hospitalization ◽  
Milk Feeding

Background Human milk feeding reduces the incidence and costs of several maternal and childhood illnesses. Initiation and success of human milk feeding are influenced by race, socioeconomic status, and family support. The influence of early in-hospital lactation assistance in breastfeeding success has been not well described. Research aims We aimed to determine how suspected known factors influencing breastfeeding success influence in-hospital human milk feeding rates. Second, we aimed to examine how timing of lactation assistance is related to success of human milk feeding during the newborn hospitalization for healthy infants. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of term infants born between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016 at a large tertiary academic hospital. We considered “success” to be 100% human milk feeding during the birth hospitalization, and compared differences in success by demographics, payor, race, and initial feeding preference. Influences of lactation assistance on success were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results Mean success with exclusive human milk feeding among 7,370 infants was 48.9%, ( n = 3,601). Successful participants were more likely to be 39–40 weeks’ gestation (64.9%, n = 2,340), non-Hispanic/non-Latino (80.0%, n = 2,882), and using private insurance (69.2%, n = 2,491). Participants who had early feeding assisted by an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC) before being fed any formula were more likely to be successful than participants who had a feeding assisted by a non-IBCLC nurse (80% vs. 40% respectively). Conclusions Success for exclusive human milk feeding during newborn hospitalization is strongly associated with several factors. Early intervention with IBCLCs can greatly improve breastfeeding success.

Leaf age-related changes in respiratory pathways are dependent on complex I activity in Nicotiana sylvestris

2007 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierrick Priault ◽  
Guillaume Vidal ◽  
Rosine De Paepe ◽  
Miquel Ribas-Carbo
Keyword(s):  
Complex I ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Nicotiana Sylvestris ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Complex I Activity ◽  
Age Related Changes

Error in Estimation of Feeding Rates from Changes in Mean Body Mass

1988 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Cochran ◽  
K. J. Knutsen
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Micropterus Salmoides ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Actual Field ◽  
Change In Mean

Because of nonlinear relationships between body mass and many parameters in energetics models, rates of food intake calculated from change in mean body mass (a typical application of energetics models) do not necessarily equal true mean rates of food intake calculated from individual changes in body mass. Using both hypothetical data and actual field data for largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) marked with individually numbered tags, we show that discrepancies increase with variability in body mass but are negligible (< 3.5%) in all cases examined. Biased estimates of change in mean body mass, such as might result from size-selective mortality or sampling gear, can lead to substantial errors in energetics model estimates of mean food consumption rates. Use of growth data for individually marked fish in conjunction with an energetics model permits calculation of confidence intervals, statistical comparison of food consumption rates, and examination of relationships between foraging success and individual body mass.

scholarly journals Role of Plant Volatile to Diaphorina citri on Feeding and Oviposition Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-651
Author(s):  
Mofit Eko Poerwanto
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Control Material ◽  
Prospective Control ◽  
Plant Volatile ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Guava Leaves

Citrus production in Indonesia and in the world is suffered from disease of citrus vein phloem degeneration (CVPD. It was vectored by psylids (Diaphorina citri). The psylids used citrus plant volatiles as cues for finding their host plants for feeding and laying eggs. Extract of guava leaves was a prospective control material for declaining population of psyllid. Investigation by research was conducted to determine the effect of CVPD symptomatic citrus plants in attracting psylids gravid female for staying and laying eggs, and also to determine the repellency ability of guava shoots to adult psyllids. Citrus buds of healthy plants and CVPD symptomatic plants were exposed to ten gravid female and the number of psylids stay and the number of eggs per bud was recorded. Y-tube olfactometer was used to determine repellent effect of upper shoot, middle shoot, and bottom shoot of guava leave to ten adult psyllids. The result shows that CVPD symptomatic plants was more attractive for laying eggs, eventhough the number of eggs was higher on healthy plants. Repellence effect to psyllids adult was identified in guava leave extracts. The increase of leaf age would decrease the effect. It was suggested that repellent properties was highest youngest leaf or upper shoots of guava.

scholarly journals SIRT3 deficiency exacerbates ischemia-reperfusion injury: implication for aged hearts

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (12) ◽  
pp. H1602-H1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Porter ◽  
William R. Urciuoli ◽  
Paul S. Brookes ◽  
Sergiy M. Nadtochiy
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Mitochondrial Protein ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lysine Deacetylase ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is significantly worse in aged hearts, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Age-related damage to mitochondria may be a critical feature, which manifests in an exacerbation of IR injury. Silent information regulator of transcription 3 (SIRT3), the major mitochondrial NAD+-dependent lysine deacetylase, regulates a variety of functions, and its inhibition may disrupt mitochondrial function to impact recovery from IR injury. In this study, the role of SIRT3 in mediating the response to cardiac IR injury was examined using an in vitro model of SIRT3 knockdown (SIRT3kd) in H9c2 cardiac-derived cells and in Langendorff preparations from adult (7 mo old) wild-type (WT) and SIRT3+/− hearts and aged (18 mo old) WT hearts. SIRT3kd cells were more vulnerable to simulated IR injury and exhibited a 46% decrease in mitochondrial complex I (Cx I) activity with low O2 consumption rates compared with controls. In the Langendorff model, SIRT3+/− adult hearts showed less functional recovery and greater infarct vs. WT, which recapitulates the in vitro results. In WT aged hearts, recovery from IR injury was similar to SIRT3+/− adult hearts. Mitochondrial protein acetylation was increased in both SIRT3+/− adult and WT aged hearts (relative to WT adult), suggesting similar activities of SIRT3. Also, enzymatic activities of two SIRT3 targets, Cx I and MnSOD, were similarly and significantly inhibited in SIRT3+/− adult and WT aged cardiac mitochondria. In conclusion, decreased SIRT3 may increase the susceptibility of cardiac-derived cells and adult hearts to IR injury and may contribute to a greater level of IR injury in the aged heart.

Feeding by Cassida rubiginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the Effects of Defoliation on Growth of Musk Thistles

1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bob Cartwright ◽  
Loke T. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plant Response ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Leaf Consumption ◽  
Growth And Reproduction ◽  
Cassida Rubiginosa ◽  
Effect On Growth

Plant response studies were conducted to determine the effects of feeding by Cassida rubiginosa Müller and mechanical defoliation on the growth and reproduction of musk thistle (Carduus thoermeri Weinmann). Mortality of thistles was highest with 75% mechanical defoliation at the rosette stage; defoliation of thistles after bolting had little effect on growth and reproduction. Thistle growth was more adversely affected by multiple than single defoliations, particularly when 50% or more of the leaf tissue was removed. Single defoliation produced little reduction in plant growth except at the 75% level. Defoliation by C. rubiginosa produced effects on thistles that were intermediate to those resulting from 50 and 75% multiple mechanical defoliations, even though only 23% of the leaf tissue was removed. Laboratory studies of leaf consumption showed that C. rubiginosa larvae consumed more thistle leaf tissue as they matured and that their feeding rates were temperature dependent.

Modeling turbidity type and intensity effects on the growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1544-1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan F. Manning ◽  
Jonathan M. Bossenbroek ◽  
Christine M. Mayer ◽  
David B. Bunnell ◽  
Jeff T. Tyson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Water Clarity ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Turbidity Level ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Visual Predator

We sought to quantify the possible population-level influence of sediment plumes and algal blooms on yellow perch (Perca flavescens), a visual predator found in systems with dynamic water clarity. We used an individual-based model (IBM), which allowed us to include variance in water clarity and the distribution of individual sizes. Our IBM was built with laboratory data showing that larval yellow perch feeding rates increased slightly as sediment turbidity level increased, but that both larval and juvenile yellow perch feeding rates decreased as phytoplankton level increased. Our IBM explained a majority of the variance in yellow perch length in data from the western and central basins of Lake Erie and Oneida Lake, with R2 values ranging from 0.611 to 0.742. Starvation mortality was size dependent, as the greatest daily mortality rates in each simulation occurred within days of each other. Our model showed that turbidity-dependent consumption rates and temperature are key components in determining growth and starvation mortality of age-0 yellow perch, linking fish production to land-based processes that influence water clarity. These results suggest the timing and persistence of sediment plumes and algal blooms can drastically alter the growth potential and starvation mortality of a yellow perch cohort.

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