Social determinants of health, the family, and children's personal hygiene: a comparative study

AbstractAimsTo examine differences in personal hygiene and in the perception of social rejection between children in reception centers and children living in a family setting.BackgroundLittle attention has been paid to the influence of the family as a unit on the personal hygiene behaviors of children.DesignCross-sectional study.MethodsChildren aged between 7-12 years were recruited from 2015 through 2017 from two centers in the Network of State Care Centers and from three schools selected from a rural, suburban and urban setting in the same region. A validated questionnaire on child personal hygiene habits was completed by 51 children in reception centers and 454 in normal families.ResultsData shows worse results for the majority personal hygiene habits studied in children in reception centers than in children living in families. Multiple logistic regressions showed lower frequency of body washing, hand washing after defecating, use of soap in hand washing, tooth brushing, and dentist visits during the previous year. Also, a significantly higher proportion of children in reception centers had experienced social rejection for being dirty and smelling bad in comparison to the children living in families.ConclusionsDeficient hygiene habits were observed in the offspring of families affected by the main features of social inequality, who were more likely to perceive social rejection for this reason and less likely to consider their family as the greatest influence on their personal hygiene practices. Promoting family practices designed to improve personal hygiene habits are needed specially in vulnerable families.

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Social Determinants of Health, the Family, and Children’s Personal Hygiene: A Comparative Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16234713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (23) ◽

pp. 4713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramos–Morcillo ◽

Moreno–Martínez ◽

Susarte ◽

Hueso–Montoro ◽

Ruzafa–Martínez

Keyword(s):

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Well Being ◽

Social Rejection ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Normal Families ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Unequal Distribution ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

The Family

Habits of personal hygiene are mostly acquired during childhood, and are, therefore, influenced by one’s family. Poor hygiene habits are a risk factor for preventable disease and social rejection. Social Determinants of Health (SDH) consist of contextual factors, structural mechanisms, and the individual’s socioeconomic position, which, via intermediary determinants, result in inequities of health and well–being. Dysfunctional family situations may, therefore, be generated by an unequal distribution of factors determining SDH. Little attention has been paid to the influence of the family on personal hygiene and the perception of social rejection in children. We designed a study to examine differences in personal hygiene and in the perception of social rejection between children in reception centers and children living in a family setting. A validated questionnaire on children’s personal hygiene habits was completed by 51 children in reception centers and 454 children in normal families. Hygiene habits were more deficient among the children in reception centers than among the other children in all dimensions studied. Deficient hygiene habits were observed in the offspring of families affected by the main features of social inequality, who were more likely to perceive social rejection for this reason and less likely to consider their family as the greatest influence on their personal hygiene practices.

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Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on the Palestinian family: A cross-sectional study

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/20503121211001137 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 205031212110011

Author(s):

Samer Abuzerr ◽

Kate Zinszer ◽

Amira Shaheen ◽

Abdel Hamid el Bilbeisi ◽

Ayman Al Haj Daoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Online Community ◽

Gaza Strip ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Containment Measures ◽

The Gaza Strip ◽

East Jerusalem

Introduction: The current study aims to understand and assess the consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on Palestinian families. Methods: This online community-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted between 19 April 2020 and 5 June 2020, using a validated questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised of three sections: sociodemographic characteristics, living conditions, and impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. A convenience sampling method was used to select participants. Results: A total of 570 adults aged ⩾18 years participated in the study. Of them, 258 (45.3%), 120 (21%), and 192 (33.7%) were residing in the Gaza Strip, West Bank, and East Jerusalem, respectively. A large portion of participants (73.2%) reported that the containment measures of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic had caused an excessive burden on their families; 549 (96.3%) revealed that water supplies were not always available at home. However, paying attention to personal hygiene and home cleaning was more than usual before the announcement of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The mean times of going out of their homes have dropped significantly following the onset of the pandemic, p value = 0.001 (95% confidence interval). In addition, 192 (33.7%) participants reported that they changed to working remotely from home with 66 (11.6%) having lost their employment. Conclusion: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic was associated with an additional burden on the Palestinian families. Moreover, we suggest discussing the obtained results with local and national stakeholders to ensure that they know to improve their actions.

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Community Knowledge and Practice on Sanitation, Hygiene and Household Water Utilization in Afabet City, Northern Red Sea Zone of Eritrea: Cross Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-566458/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Berhe Tesfai ◽

Hagos Milkyas ◽

Fitsum Kibreab ◽

Meron Goitom ◽

Hermon Berhe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Water Source ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Water Utilization ◽

Comprehensive Knowledge ◽

Knowledge And Practice

Abstract Background: Water and sanitation entitles the human right to affordable access and sanitation. The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge and practice on sanitation, hygiene and water utilization and to estimate the prevalence of diarrhea in Afabet city.Methods: It was a community-based descriptive cross-sectional type of study with a multistage cluster sampling technique. First, 12 clusters were selected from the city and 30 households were nominated from each cluster. Then, a total of 360 individuals were sampled and every family head was interviewed. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire and field observation was used for data collection from December 05-20, 2020. Cross tabulation and association of variables using chi-square test was determined and results were weighted as cluster sampling was used. Results: A total of 360 respondents were enrolled in the study with females (75.3%) and Muslin (99.0%) predominance. About 66.2% and 66.9% respondents were satisfied with the amount and quality of water they received respectively. The prevalence of diarrhea in the community in the last six months of 2020 was 13.0%. The investigators practically approved that 90.7% of the communities revealed functional toilets and feces were observed in only 5.7% of the living area of the community. The community’s comprehensive good knowledge and practice was 99.4% and 93.0% respectively. Their comprehensive knowledge and practice showed significant association with age, sex, marital status, level of education, household size and distance to municipality water source (p<0.001). Furthermore, their comprehensive knowledge and practice, prevalence of diarrhea, presence of latrine, distance from their home to municipality water source and hand washing practice were significantly associated with the administrative area of the study participants (p<0.001).Conclusion: The community had good level of knowledge and practice but the prevalence of diarrhea was relatively high. Latrines were highly utilized but the usage of soap, personal and food hygiene was slightly low. The level of comprehensive practice, prevalence of diarrhea, distance to municipality water source and hand washing practice was associated to the administrative areas. Enhancing environmental sanitation, personal hygiene and provision of adequate and clean water are highly recommended.

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Study on knowledge, attitude and practice of personal hygiene among selected rural people

Z H Sikder Women’s Medical College Journal ◽

10.47648/zhswmcj.2020.v0201.03 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (Number 1) ◽

pp. 12-15

Author(s):

Muiz Uddin Ahmed Choudhury ◽

Monowar Ahmad Tarafdar ◽

Md. Abdul Mojid Miah ◽

Shila Rani Das ◽

Tonim Amir Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Communicable Disease ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Hand Washing ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rural People ◽

Change Communication ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Descriptive type of Cross sectional study conducted in Jaintapur Upazila from the period of October-December 2017 to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of personal hygiene among selected rural people with a sample size of 308 using a semi-structured questionnaire following purposive sampling technique. Out of 308 respondents about three fourth of respondents were Muslims, 55.8% were male. More than half were in the age group 15-35 years, 85.7% were married, 44.5% were Illiterates. 30.4% were house wife and only 6% had their monthly income ≥Tk. 30,000. Almost 286(92.8%) respondents had knowledge on importance of hand washing, majority 244(79.2%) had knowledge about transmission of Communicable disease by Hand contamination. Regarding factors causes discouraging from hand washing about 123(39.9%) respondents forget to wash, 74(24%) feel Shortage of time and 70(22.8%) not known. Only 13% of respondents wore ring during cooking and food handling. Almost 290(94.2%) washed hand before eating, 298(96.8%) washed their hand after coming back from the toilet and 301(97.7%) respondents had habit of Cutting Nail. Majority of them 234 (78.5%) used soap for hand washing after coming back from latrine, only 1(0.3%) used liquid hand wash and others respectively. About (84.1%) discussed about hand washing with their children and family members and 238(77.3%) respondent’s children’s habit of hand washing of children before taking food & after toilet. More than half of respondents got information from Radio and Television, 79(25.6%) from health educator, 17(5.5%) from others. Awareness of general people about hand washing and its practices should be increased within earliest possible time through behavior Change Communication (BCC) programme of GO/NGO partnership should be planned with more emphasis on hand washing.

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A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY OF ANTIBIOTIC USAGE AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v4i8.1329 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Monika Mishra

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Use ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vitamin Deficiencies ◽

Attitude And Practice ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Antibiotics/antimicrobials constitute a major tool against infectious diseases in India especially due to host and environment factors like malnutrition, multiple vitamin deficiencies, overcrowding, illiteracy, poverty, poor sanitary facilities, low standards of personal hygiene and inadequate vector control. Methods: This was a cross-sectional questionnaire based study. It was done to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice regarding antibiotic use and resistance. A pre-validated questionnaire prepared after a review of similar studies and scrutinized by subject experts has been used. Results: 80.00% of respondents agreed that antibiotic resistance is an important and serious public health issue in the hospital. 80.00% were aware that bacteria are not responsible for causing common cold and influenza. Conclusion: In our study, most of the students had good knowledge and were aware of the problem of antimicrobial resistance, but still used antibiotics for self-medication. Keywords: Knowledge, Medical student, Antibiotic.

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Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi

Riset Informasi Kesehatan ◽

10.30644/rik.v6i2.87 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

Entia Nopa ◽

Ranissa Dwi Imansari ◽

Irwandi Rachman

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Kulit Pada Pekerja Pengangkut Sampah Di Kota Jambi 1Entianopa, 2Ranissa Dwi Imansari, 3Irwandi Rachman 123Program Studi Kesehatan Masyarakat STIKES Harapan Ibu, Jambi Abstrak Latar Belakang: Kulit merupakan organ terbesar pada tubuh manusia yang membungkus otot-otot dan organ-organ dalam serta merupakan jalinan jaringan pembuluh darah, saraf, dan kelenjar yang tidak berujung, semuanya memiliki potensi untuk terserang penyakit yang salah satunya adalah penyakit kulit. Penyakit kulit merupakan salah satu gangguan kesehatan yang sering dialami oleh pekerja pengangkut sampah. Berdasarkan komposisi sampah yang diangkut serta waktu paparan kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan antara masa kerja, pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD), dan personal hygiene dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah di Kota Jambi. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian cross sectional study. Sampel penelitian yaitu sebanyak 62 pekerja pengangkut sampah yang berada di Kantor Pekerjaan Umum dan Penata Ruang, yang mana seluruh populasi dijadikan sampel. Data dikumpulkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan kesehatan oleh dokter dan dengan kuesioner, kemudian dianalisa menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Hasil menunjukan bahwa pekerja yang mengalami penyakit kulit sebanyak 35 pekerja (56,5%). Berdasarkan hasil analisis chi-square didapatkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara masa kerja dengan kejadian penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah dimana nilai (p-value= 0,006), Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) nilai (p-value= 0,008), personal hygiene nilai (p-value= 0,008). Kesimpulan: Untuk meminimalisir risiko terjadinya penyakit kulit pada pekerja pengangkut sampah disarankan perlunya disusun standar operasional prosedur yang aman, penyediaan sarana sanitasi agar dapat mengurangi resiko terkena penyakit kulit. Pentingnya pemakaian APD dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat selama bekerja, serta diharapkan pekerja menggunakan APD pada saat bekerja dan lebih memperhatikan personal hygiene. Kata kunci : Masa Kerja, APD, Personal Hygiene

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Nigerian physiotherapists’ perception of direct access and patients’ self-referral

Nigerian Journal of Medical Rehabilitation ◽

10.34058/njmr.v18i1.105 ◽

2015 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada ◽

Kayode D. Ojetola ◽

Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin ◽

Udoka A. C. Okafor ◽

Olubusola E. Johnson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Support ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Study Data ◽

Professional Autonomy ◽

Direct Access ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Physiotherapy Practice ◽

South West ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Background: The global advocacy for Direct Access (DA) and Patients’ Self-Referral (PSR) to physiotherapy is consistent with the quest for promoting professional autonomy and recognition. It was hypothesized in this study that the attainment of this clarion call in Nigeria may be hamstrung by challenges similar or different from those reported in other climes. Objective: This study assessed the perception of DA and PSR among Physiotherapists (PTs) in South-West, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred PTs from ten purposely selected public-funded out-patient facilities from South-West, Nigeria responded in this cross-sectional study, yielding a response rate of 75% (100/150). A previously validated questionnaire for World Confederation of Physical Therapists (WCPT) on the global view of DA and PSR for physical therapy was used in this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a high awareness on legislation regulating practice (91%) and scope (84%) of the profession. Respondents assert that the extant legislation allows for DA (49%) and PSR (97%). However, 40% of the respondents opined that the baccalaureate qualification of PTs was inadequate for competence in DA and PSR; and a post-professional residency programme was mostly recommended (52%). Public support for DA and PSR to physiotherapy was rated more than the advocacy role of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy (60% vs. 40%). Physicians’ (71%) and politicians’ (65%) views were rated the major barrier to achieving DA and PSR status in physiotherapy. Similarly, physicians’ (90%) and politicians’ (88%) support was perceived as the major facilitator. Conclusion: Physiotherapy practice in Nigeria has the semblance of autonomy in DA and PSR but is devoid of legislative support. Most Nigerian physiotherapists assume professional autonomy but were not aware of the lack of legal support for DA and PSR. The current entry-level academic curricula were considered to be deficient and inadequate for autonomous practice in Nigeria. Physicians and politicians were the most important barrier or facilitator to achieving legal support for DA and PSR in physiotherapy in Nigeria.

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POLA ASUH ORANGTUA TERHADAP TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN PERSONAL HYGIENE CUCI TANGAN DAN GOSOK GIGI PADA ANAK PRASEKOLAH

Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist) ◽

10.36911/pannmed.v15i2.703 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 200-205

Author(s):

Dina Dewi Anggraini

Keyword(s):

Survey Research ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Test Analysis ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT The study aims todetermine the relationship between parenting style and the level of independence of Personal Hygiene Hand Wasting and Tooth Brush in Preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. The study is a quantitative study, based on the research location including the type of field reseaerch, based on the ansence of the treatment of subjects including survey research, based on time is a cross sectional study, and based on objectives includin correlation analytics. The population in this study were all parents in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora as many as 85 respondents. Based on the sample calculation, the sample obtained in this study that most parent in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora amounted to 70 respondents. Srearmen’s rho test analysis results parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene hand wasting result obtained p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), and parenting patters with the independence of personal hygiene tooth brush obtained results p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). So it can be concluded that were is a significant relationship between parenting parents with the level of independence of personal hygiene washing hands and brushing their tooth at preschoolers in Kindergarten Negeri Pembina Blora in 2019. Keywords: parenting; personal hygiene, preschool ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Hubungan Pola Asuh Orangtua Terhadap Tingkat Kemandirian Personal Hygiene Cuci Tangan dan Gogok Gigi pada Anak Prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif, berdasarkan tempat penelitian termasuk jenis penelitian lapangan, berdasarkan tidak adanya perlakuan terhadap subjek termasuk penelitian survey, berdasarkan waktu merupakan penelitian cross sectional, dan berdasarkan tujuan termasuk analitik korelasi. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 85 responden. Berdasarkan perhitungan sampel maka diperoleh sampel pada penelitian ini adalah sebagian orangtua di TK Negeri Pembina Blora sebanyak 70 responden. Hasil analisis uji spearmen’s rho pola asuh orangtua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05), dan pola asuh orangtua dengan kemandirian personal hygiene gosok gigi didapatkan hasil p value = 0,000 < α (0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat kemandirian personal hygiene cuci tangan dan gosok gigi pada anak prasekolah di TK Negeri Pembina Blora Tahun 2019. Kata kunci: pola asuh; personal hygiene; prasekolah

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AB0499 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT IN TUNISIAN PATIENTS WITH SPONDYLOARTHRITIS: THE IPAQ EVALUATION

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2053 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1277.1-1277

Author(s):

F. Majdoub ◽

M. Sellami ◽

S. Miladi ◽

A. Fazaa ◽

L. Souabni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Disease Activity ◽

Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Tnf Inhibitor ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tunisian Patients ◽

Different Levels

Background:The occurrence of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) often conditions patients’ quality of life and hinders their well-being. Physical activity (PA) is associated with various health-related benefits among adults with chronic inflammatory rheumatism but may be insufficiently performed.Objectives:This study aimed to assess PA in patients with SpA and explore its associated factors.Methods:This is a single-center cross-sectional study, involving patients with SpA, visiting our outpatient hospital over eight weeks. Patients responded to the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short form (IPAQ-S).Results:Sixty patients were included (39 M/21 F) with an average age of 45.8 years [25-78]. The mean duration of SpA was 13.2 years [1-25]. About 80% of patients were from an urban setting. Sixty-three percent of patients had a professional activity, while 13.3% were retired. Twenty-nine patients (48.3%) had axial and peripheral form, 18 patients (30%) had SpA with enteropathic arthritis, 8 (13.3%) with psoriatic arthritis, 3 patients (5%) had axial spondyloarthritis, and only 2 patients (3.3%) with SAPHO-Syndrom. About 23% of patients had hip arthritis and only 5% had uveitis. Fifty-eight patients were on TNF-inhibitor (21/58 Adalimumab, 15/58 Infliximab, 14/58 Etanercept, 8/58 Golimumab). The average BASDAI was 2.7/10. The average ASDASCRP was 2.1/10. The average BASFI was 3.3/10. IPAQ results were distributed as follows: 78.3% of patients were in the « low physical activity » category, 21.7% were in the « moderate physical activity » while none of the patients were in the « high physical activity ». Patients without employment had lower levels of physical activity (29.7%) but no association was observed between those two items (p=0.082). Disease activity objectified with BASDAI was related to low physical activity (p=0.045) whereas no association was observed with ASDASCRP (p=0.870) or BASFI (p=0.056). Otherwise, TNF-inhibitor treatment was not related to different levels of PA (p=0.09).Conclusion:Tunisian patients with SpA don’t perform enough physical activity. Except for high disease activity, the different levels of PA did not appear to be explained by other disease-related variables. Thereby, physical activity should be encouraged in SpA.References:[1]Fabre, S., Molto, A., Dadoun, S. et al. Physical activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study of 203 patients. Rheumatol Int 36, 1711–1718 (2016).Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

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The prescription pattern and awareness about antibiotic prophylaxis and resistance among a group of Egyptian pediatric and general dentists: a cross sectional study

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01685-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mariam Mohsen Aly ◽

Marwa Aly Elchaghaby

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ◽

Antibiotic Prescription ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

General Dentists

Abstract Background The use of antibiotics in dentistry as prophylaxis and treatment is frequent. Their misuse has led to a major public health problem globally known as antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to assess the pattern of antibiotic prescription and its prophylactic use for systemic conditions. Besides, this study evaluated the awareness and adherence to antibiotic prescription guidelines and antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines along with awareness of antibiotic resistance across pediatric and general dentists. Methods An overall of 378 pediatric and general dentists meeting the required eligibility criteria, fulfilled a pre-designed validated questionnaire. Data were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed. Results A significant statistical difference was found among the pediatric and general dentists regarding antibiotics prescription for most of the oral conditions where Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic among the two groups (53% pediatric dentist and 52% general dentist). The majority of pediatric and general dentists, on the other hand, were aware of antibiotic resistance and prescribing recommendations. Conclusions The present study showed a tendency to overprescribe and overuse antibiotics in certain dental conditions among the participants. The vast majority of dentists, especially general dentists do not have adherence to professional guidelines for antibiotics prescription in children despite their awareness of antibiotic resistance and prescription guidelines.

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