scholarly journals How to improve foraging efficiency for restocking measures of juvenile Baltic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cámara-Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Espirito Santo ◽  
Joern Gessner ◽  
Sven Wuertz
Keyword(s):  
Training Group ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Foraging Efficiency ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
German Waters ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus

ABSTRACTAtlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), also known as Baltic sturgeon, is considered missing or extinct in German waters. Current conservation efforts focus on re-stocking activities, but classical hatchery rearing may reduce the fitness of the respective juveniles. In this study, we evaluated if foraging efficiency can be improved by short term training. Over a period of 14 d, we kept individuals of the training group in a raceway and fed them chironomids buried in a small sand spot to stimulate benthic feeding behavior while fish of the control group were fed in tanks without substrate. Thereafter, each fish was transferred to a raceway entirely covered with sand. For feeding, chironomids were randomly buried in the sand. During the first 7 days, trained fish recovered the feed significantly faster than untrained fish of the control group. Gene expression revealed an up-regulation in neurod1 in all brain regions after 14 d of training. Thus, this study suggests that foraging efficiency can be improved through short-time training thus improve fitness upon restocking into the wild.

scholarly journals Does juvenile Baltic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus) smell the enemy?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Cámara Ruiz ◽  
Carlos Espírito Santo ◽  
Alfons Mai ◽  
Jorn Gessner ◽  
Sven Wuertz
Keyword(s):  
Brain Plasticity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Alarm Substances ◽  
German Waters ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus ◽  
Predator Odour

SUMMARYAtlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus), also known as Baltic sturgeon, is considered extinct in German waters. Fish-rearing for conservation purposes still relies on classical hatchery technology producing fish not well suited for facing life in the wild, lacking behavioural skills such as foraging or anti-predation. Predation is hence a major source of mortality in newly stocked individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate if naïve Baltic sturgeon juveniles were able to smell and recognize a common predator, sander (Sander lucioperca). Over a period of 30 days, three tanks from each group of Baltic sturgeon were attached to a rearing tank with sander (sander unit) and, as a control, carp (carp unit). Morphology of the dorsal scutes, distribution within the tank, stress (glucose, lactate and cortisol) and gene expression of brain plasticity and cognition were studied in comparison to the control group (carp unit). No significant differences were observed in any of the parameters measured. Thus, we conclude that naïve Baltic sturgeon is not able to innately recognize potential predators and future studies should focus on implementing predator odour together with chemical alarm substances.

scholarly journals Effect of Resisted Sprint and Plyometric Training on Lower Limb Functional Performance in Collegiate Male Football Players: A Randomised Control Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6702
Author(s):  
Shahnaz Hasan ◽  
Gokulakannan Kandasamy ◽  
Danah Alyahya ◽  
Asma Alonazi ◽  
Azfar Jamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Performance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Sprint Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hop Test ◽  
Collegiate Football

The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the short-term effects of resisted sprint and plyometric training on sprint performance together with lower limb physiological and functional performance in collegiate football players. Ninety collegiate football players participated in this three-arm, parallel group randomized controlled trial study. Participants were randomly divided into a control group and two experimental groups: resisted sprint training (RST) (n = 30), plyometric training (PT) (n = 30), and a control group (n = 30). Participants received their respective training program for six weeks on alternate days. The primary outcome measures were a knee extensor strength test (measured by an ISOMOVE dynamometer), a sprint test and a single leg triple hop test. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 6 weeks post-training. Participants, caregivers, and those assigning the outcomes were blinded to the group assignment. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare between groups, within-group and the interaction between time and group. A within-group analysis revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) when compared to the baseline with the 6 weeks post-intervention scores for all the outcomes including STN (RST: d = 1.63; PT: d = 2.38; Control: d = 2.26), ST (RST: d = 1.21; PT: d = 1.36; Control: d = 0.38), and SLTHT (RST: d = 0.76; PT: d = 0.61; Control: d = 0.18). A sub-group analysis demonstrated an increase in strength in the plyometric training group (95% CI 14.73 to 15.09, p = 0.00), an increase in the single leg triple hop test in the resisted sprint training group (95% CI 516.41 to 538.4, p = 0.05), and the sprint test was also improved in both experimental groups (95% CI 8.54 to 8.82, p = 0.00). Our findings suggest that, during a short-term training period, RST or PT training are equally capable of enhancing the neuromechanical capacities of collegiate football players. No adverse events were reported by the participants.

Who Can Get More Benefits? Effects of Mindfulness Training in Long-Term and Short-Term Male Prisoners

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (13) ◽  
pp. 2318-2337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan An ◽  
Qi Huang ◽  
Yucheng Zhou ◽  
Yuyang Zhou ◽  
Wei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Waitlist Control Group ◽  
Male Prisoners

The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a 6-week mindfulness training program on mental health, anxiety, depression, aggression, sleep quality, mood states, total mood disturbance, and perceived stress among male Chinese prisoners, and to explore whether the intervention effects differed in long-term and short-term prisoners. Eighty-three male prisoners completed the study, including 39 in the mindfulness training group and 44 in the waitlist control group. Results showed that, compared with the waitlist control group, mindfulness training group showed a significant improvement in mindfulness level ( p < .0l), Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90; p < .00l), aggression ( p < .05), sleep quality ( p < .05), and total mood disturbance ( p < .0l). Moreover, compared with the short-term prisoners, mindfulness training was more effective on the long-term prisoners in mindfulness level ( p < .05), SCL-90 ( p < .001), anxiety ( p < .05), depression ( p < .05), aggression ( p < .05), total mood disturbance ( p < .0l), and perceived stress ( p < .0l). Given the study’s innovation, we discussed its significance and limitations.

scholarly journals Short-Term Performance Effects of Three Different Low-Volume Strength-Training Programmes in College Male Soccer Players

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Brito ◽  
Fabrício Vasconcellos ◽  
José Oliveira ◽  
Peter Krustrup ◽  
António Rebelo
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plyometric Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Performance Effects ◽  
Low Volume ◽  
Training Programmes

Abstract This study aimed to analyse the short-term performance effects of three in-season low-volume strength-training programmes in college male soccer players. Fifty-seven male college soccer players (age: 20.31.6 years) were randomly assigned to a resistance-training group (n=12), plyometric training group (n=12), complex training group (n=12), or a control group (n=21). In the mid-season, players underwent a 9-week strength-training programme, with two 20 min training sessions per week. Short-term effects on strength, sprint, agility, and vertical jump abilities were measured. All training groups increased 1-RM squat (range, 17.2-24.2%), plantar flexion (29.1-39.6%), and knee extension (0.5- 22.2%) strength compared with the control group (p<0.05). The resistance-training group increased concentric peak torque of the knee extensor muscles by 9.9-13.7%, and changes were greater compared with the control group (p<0.05). The complex training group presented major increments (11.7%) in eccentric peak torque of the knee flexor muscles on the non-dominant limb compared with the control group and plyometric training group (p<0.05). All training groups improved 20-m sprint performance by 4.6-6.2% (p<0.001) compared with the control group. No differences were observed in 5-m sprint and agility performances (p>0.05). Overall, the results suggest that in-season low-volume strength training is adequate for developing strength and speed in soccer players.

The Effect of an Aerobic Interval Training Program on Intermittent Anaerobic Performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 452-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena C. Gaiga ◽  
David Docherty
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aerobic Interval Training

The effects of a 9-week aerobic interval training program on anaerobic intermittent performance were investigated. Intermittent work consisted of four repeat 30-sec maximal efforts on a cycle ergometer (Wingate test) with 3-min recovery intervals. Thirteen men trained 3 days a week on the cycle ergometer, completing 3-min work-to-rest intervals and progressing from 5 to 10 reps. Relative and absolute values of aerobic power increased significantly for the training group (p <.05). No significant change was observed for the control group (n = 11). The training group demonstrated significant increases in the four anaerobic variables of short-term peak power (SPP), short-term anaerobic capacity (SAC), intermediate-term peak power (IPP), and total work (TW), and across the four 30-sec maximal repeats for anaerobic performance (T1-T4) (p <.05). Greater percentages of increase occurred for IPP and TW, especially during Repeats 3 and 4. The control group only demonstrated a significant increase in SPP for Repeat 3. These data suggest that the type of interval training program used in the study increased aerobic power and also enhanced performance in repeated high intensity, short duration work. Key words: short-term peak power, intermediate-term peak power, total work

Seven days of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy improves attention and coping style

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Quan ◽  
Wenna Wang ◽  
Chengjing Chu ◽  
Lingfengz Hou
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Short Time ◽  
And Control

We designed a short-term training course in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) for use with busy people with little time. We examined whether or not MBCT training would affect people's cognition. We assigned 44 participants with no prior experience with mindfulness techniques randomly to either an MBCT group or a control group. These participants then completed the Trait Coping Style Questionnaire (TCSQ). After having undergone 7 days of training, we assessed participants again with the TCSQ and they also completed the Attention Network Test. Results showed that orienting and executive control differed between the MBCT and control groups, but there was no difference between the 2 groups in alerting. The score for positive coping style was significantly enhanced in the group who had undergone MBCT training. Our findings suggest that MBCT can be an effective approach to improve individuals' attentional subsystem and coping style in a short time.

Metabolic and Perceptual Responses to Short-Term Cycle Training in Children

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen E. Duncan ◽  
Edward T. Howley
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cycle Training ◽  
Power Outputs ◽  
And Control

Metabolic and perceptual responses to cycle training were investigated in children in a training group (TG, N = 10) and control group (CG, N = 13). Prior to training, aerobic power (VO2peak) was assessed, and children performed submaximal exercise at graded power outputs. Substrate use was calculated for each level using the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and metabolic rate, and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained to estimate perceptual effort. Training consisted of 12 sessions (three 10-min work bouts 3 times/week, 50% VO2peak) on a cycle ergometer. After 4 weeks, RER and RPE were reevaluated at the same absolute intensities. Overall difference scores indicated a decrease in RER and RPE in the TG and an increase in RER with * no change in RPE in the CG. These data demonstrate that short-term cycle training in children results in enhanced fat use and diminished perception of effort during submaximal exercise.

scholarly journals Dispersal and survival of stocked juvenile hatchery-reared Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kapusta ◽  
Jacek Morzuch ◽  
Arkadiusz Duda ◽  
Elżbieta Bogacka-Kapusta ◽  
Ryszard Kolman
Keyword(s):  
Migration Rate ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Juvenile Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus ◽  
Short Term Survival

Abstract The post-stocking dispersal of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus Mitchill) in the Wis3oka River (southern Poland) was investigated using biotelemetry. Thirty-five hatchery-reared juvenile A. oxyrinchus were tagged with radio or acoustic transmitters and tracked using mobile surveys and fixed receivers. Daily movement patterns were similar in 2009 and 2010. The sturgeon migrated with a mean speed of 1.42 km h-1 in 2009 and of 2.06 km h-1 in 2010. Migration rate was not regarded as being dependent on juvenile sturgeon size. The confirmed survival of individuals from the two field seasons differed slightly over the course of this study. Short-term survival of A. oxyrinchus was 86.7 and 90% in 2009 and 2010, respectively.

Laboratory test of suspended sediment effects on short-term survival and swimming performance of juvenile Atlantic sturgeon (Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus , Mitchill, 1815)

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 984-990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Wilkens ◽  
A. W. Katzenmeyer ◽  
N. M. Hahn ◽  
J. J. Hoover ◽  
B. C. Suedel
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Atlantic Sturgeon ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Acipenser Oxyrinchus ◽  
Short Term Survival

scholarly journals Effects of short-term self-selected resistance training on anxiety and depression scores of sedentary individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1889119755
Author(s):  
Guilherme Vinícius Elias Souza ◽  
Yago Machado Diniz ◽  
Rafael Pena ◽  
David dos Santos Nascimento ◽  
Marcelo Guerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Small Effect Size

A positive affective experience, making exercise more pleasurable, less stressful, achieving greater satisfaction and intrinsic motivation experience through resistance training may be accomplished by performing self-selected exercises. These exercises can also lead to other health-related and performance outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the effects of a short-term self-selected resistance training on levels of anxiety and depression in sedentary individuals. Twenty-one individuals, aged between 20 and 50 years, were assigned to Training Group (TG) and Control Group (CG). The TG underwent 4 weeks of resistance training, 2 sessions per week, with self-selected intensities. Anxiety and depression scores were collected before and after intervention using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD). The results showed that the TG presented a significant reduction in anxiety scores (8.9±2.0 to 7.1±2.1; p=0.008) with a large effect size (d=0.71). Depression scores showed no significant difference after intervention (6.3±2.6 to 5.4±2.6; p=0.094), with a small effect size (d=0.346). The CG showed slight non-significant increase in depression scores (6.3±3.1 to 6.8±3.7; p=0.297), with small effect size (d= 0.146). In conclusion, resistance training with self-selected intensity reduced anxiety scores and kept depression scores in a healthy level in sedentary individuals.

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