scholarly journals White matter microstructure in women with acute and remitted anorexia nervosa: an exploratory neuroimaging study

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Miles ◽  
Allan Kaplan ◽  
Leon French ◽  
Aristotle Voineskos
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Neuroimaging Study

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a highly heritable psychiatric disorder characterized by starvation and emaciation and associated with changes in brain structure. The precise nature of these changes remains unclear, as does their developmental time course and capacity for reversal with weight restoration. In this exploratory neuroimaging study, we sought to characterize changes in white matter microstructure in women with acute and remitted AN. Diffusion-weighted MRI data was collected from underweight women with a current diagnosis of AN (acAN: n=23), weight-recovered women with a past diagnosis of AN (recAN: n=23), and age-matched healthy control women (HC: n=24). Image processing and analysis were performed with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics, part of FSL, and group differences in voxel-wise, brain-wide fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD), indices of white matter microstructure, were tested with nonparametric permutation and threshold free cluster enhancement. No significant main effect of group on FA was identified. A significant main effect of group on MD was observed in a large cluster covering 9.2% of white matter and including substantial portions of the corpus callosum, corona radiata, internal capsule, and superior longitudinal fasciculus, and post hoc analyses revealed similar effects of group on axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). Cluster-wise MD was significantly higher in acAN participants (+3.8%) and recAN participants (+2.9%) than healthy controls, and the same was true for cluster-wise AD and RD. Trait-based increases in diffusivity, consistent with atypical myelination and impaired axon integrity, suggest a link between altered white matter microstructure and vulnerability to AN, and evidence of reduced oligodendrocyte density in AN provides further support for this hypothesis. Potential mechanisms of action include atypical neurodevelopment and systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals White matter microstructure in women with acute and remitted anorexia nervosa: an exploratory neuroimaging study

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2429-2437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Miles ◽  
Allan S. Kaplan ◽  
Leon French ◽  
Aristotle N. Voineskos
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Neuroimaging Study

scholarly journals White Matter Alterations in Heart-kidney Imbalance Insomnia and Jiao-tai-wan Treatment: A Diffusion-tensor Imaging Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Chen ◽  
Yanxuan Li ◽  
Nengzhi Xia ◽  
Caiyun Wen ◽  
Tianyi Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Clinical Trial Registry ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Control

Abstract Background: Previous studies have reported changes in white matter (WM) microstructures in patients with insomnia. However, few neuroimaging studies have focused specifically on WM tracts in insomnia patients after having received treatment. In this prospective study, diffusion-tensor imaging was used in two samples of heart-kidney imbalance insomnia patients (HKIIPs) who were treated with Jiao-Tai-Wan (JTW) or a placebo to assess the changes in WM tracts.Methods: Tract-based spatial statistical analyses were first applied to compare the changes in mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) of WM between 75 HKIIPs and 41 healthy control participants. In subsequent randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, comparisons of MD and FA were also performed in 24 HKIIPs (8 males; 16 females; 42.5 ± 10.4 years) with JTW and 26 HKIIPs (11 males; 15 females; 39.7 ± 9.4 years) with a placebo, with age and sex as covariates.Results: HKIIPs showed lower MD and FA values of several WM tracts than healthy control participants, such as the bilateral anterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus and bilateral posterior corona radiata. Specifically, FA values in left corticospinal tract (CST) were increased in HKIIPs. After being treated with JTW, HKIIPs showed a trend towards reduced FA values in the left CST.Conclusions: These results suggest that JTW may reverse WM alterations caused by heart-kidney imbalance insomnia.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019239; registered on 1 November 2018-retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/listbycreater.aspx, more than a month after the start of the experiment. The delay was due to lack of experience regarding trail, registration with a data sharing website.

scholarly journals Alterations in white matter microstructure in women recovered from anorexia nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 701-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Ying Wendy Yau ◽  
Amanda Bischoff-Grethe ◽  
Rebecca J. Theilmann ◽  
Laura Torres ◽  
Angela Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Repeated Sport-Related Concussion Shows Only Minimal White Matter Differences Many Years After Playing High School Football

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (09) ◽  
pp. 950-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Terry ◽  
Catherine M. Mewborn ◽  
L. Stephen Miller
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cognitive Outcomes ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Former Athletes

AbstractObjective: Multiple concussions sustained in youth sport may be associated with later-life brain changes and worse cognitive outcomes. We examined the association between two or more concussions during high school football and later-life white matter (WM) microstructure (i.e., 22–47 years following football retirement) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Method: Forty former high school football players aged 40–65 who received 2+ concussions during high school football (N = 20), or denied concussive events (N = 20) were recruited. Participants underwent neurocognitive testing and DTI scanning. Results: Groups did not statistically differ on age, education, or estimated pre-morbid intelligence. Tract-based Spatial Statistics (TBSS) correcting for Family-Wise Error (FWE)(p < .05) did not yield differences between groups at the whole-brain level. Region of interest analyses showed higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the anterior limb of the internal capsule (ALIC) in the concussed group compared to the non-concussed former players. More liberal analyses (i.e., p < .001, uncorrected for multiple comparisons, ≥8 voxels) also revealed that former players endorsing 2+ concussions had higher MD in the ALIC. Analyses that covaried for age did not reveal differences at either threshold. Concussive histories were not associated with worse cognitive functioning, nor did it impact the relationship between neuropsychological scores and DTI metrics. Discussion: Results suggest only minimal neuroanatomical brain differences in former athletes many years following original concussive injuries compared to controls.

scholarly journals Dysmature superficial white matter microstructure in developmental focal epilepsy

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M Ostrowski ◽  
Daniel Y Song ◽  
Emily L Thorn ◽  
Erin E Ross ◽  
Sally M Stoyell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Epilepsy Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Deep White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Benign Epilepsy

Abstract Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is a common childhood epilepsy syndrome that predominantly affects boys, characterized by self-limited focal seizures arising from the perirolandic cortex and fine motor abnormalities. Concurrent with the age-specific presentation of this syndrome, the brain undergoes a developmentally choreographed sequence of white matter microstructural changes, including maturation of association u-fibres abutting the cortex. These short fibres mediate local cortico-cortical communication and provide an age-sensitive structural substrate that could support a focal disease process. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the microstructural properties of superficial white matter in regions corresponding to u-fibres underlying the perirolandic seizure onset zone in children with this epilepsy syndrome compared with healthy controls. To verify the spatial specificity of these features, we characterized global superficial and deep white matter properties. We further evaluated the characteristics of the perirolandic white matter in relation to performance on a fine motor task, gender and abnormalities observed on EEG. Children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 14) underwent multimodal testing with high-resolution MRI including diffusion tensor imaging sequences, sleep EEG recordings and fine motor assessment. We compared white matter microstructural characteristics (axial, radial and mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy) between groups in each region. We found distinct abnormalities corresponding to the perirolandic u-fibre region, with increased axial, radial and mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy values in children with epilepsy (P = 0.039, P = 0.035, P = 0.042 and P = 0.017, respectively). Increased fractional anisotropy in this region, consistent with decreased integrity of crossing sensorimotor u-fibres, correlated with inferior fine motor performance (P = 0.029). There were gender-specific differences in white matter microstructure in the perirolandic region; males and females with epilepsy and healthy males had higher diffusion and fractional anisotropy values than healthy females (P ≤ 0.035 for all measures), suggesting that typical patterns of white matter development disproportionately predispose boys to this developmental epilepsy syndrome. Perirolandic white matter microstructure showed no relationship to epilepsy duration, duration seizure free, or epileptiform burden. There were no group differences in diffusivity or fractional anisotropy in superficial white matter outside of the perirolandic region. Children with epilepsy had increased radial diffusivity (P = 0.022) and decreased fractional anisotropy (P = 0.027) in deep white matter, consistent with a global delay in white matter maturation. These data provide evidence that atypical maturation of white matter microstructure is a basic feature in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and may contribute to the epilepsy, male predisposition and clinical comorbidities observed in this disorder.

scholarly journals Consistent altered internal capsule white matter microstructure in insomnia disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Bresser ◽  
Jessica C Foster-Dingley ◽  
Rick Wassing ◽  
Jeanne Leerssen ◽  
Jennifer R Ramautar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Consistent Finding ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Insomnia Disorder ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insomnia Severity

Abstract Study Objectives Suggested neural correlates of insomnia disorder have been hard to replicate. Even the most consistent finding, altered white matter microstructure in the anterior limb of the internal capsule, is based on handful studies. The urge for replicable targets to understand the underlying mechanisms of insomnia made us study white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) across three samples of cases and controls. Methods 3-Tesla MRI diffusion tensor imaging data of three independent samples were combined for analysis, resulting in n = 137 participants, of whom 73 were diagnosed with insomnia disorder and 64 were matched controls without sleep complaints. Insomnia severity was measured with the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). White matter microstructure was assessed with FA. White matter tracts were skeletonized and analyzed using tract-based spatial statistics. We performed a region-of-interest analysis using linear mixed-effect models to evaluate case–control differences in internal capsule FA as well as associations between internal capsule FA and insomnia severity. Results FA in the right limb of the anterior internal capsule was lower in insomnia disorder than in controls (β = −9.76e−3; SE = 4.17e−3, p = .034). In the entire sample, a higher ISI score was associated with a lower FA value of the right internal capsule (β = −8.05e− 4 FA/ISI point, SE = 2.60e− 4, p = .008). Ancillary whole brain voxel-wise analyses showed no significant group difference or association with insomnia severity after correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions The internal capsule shows small but consistent insomnia-related alterations. The findings support a circuit-based approach to underlying mechanisms since this tract connects many brain areas previously implicated in insomnia.

scholarly journals Cognitive deficits and white matter abnormalities in never-treated first-episode schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Yang ◽  
Shan Gao ◽  
Xiangyang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Cognitive impairment is viewed as a core symptom of schizophrenia (SCZ), but its pathophysiological mechanism remains unclear. White matter (WM) disruption is considered to be a central abnormality that may contribute to cognitive impairment in SCZ patients. However, few studies have addressed the association between cognition and WM integrity in never-treated first-episode (NTFE) patients with SCZ. In this study, we used the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) to evaluate cognitive function in NTFE patients (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 30), and associated it with whole-brain fractional anisotropy (FA) values obtained via voxel-based diffusion tensor imaging. We found that FA was lower in five brain areas of SCZ patients, including the cingulate gyrus, internal capsule, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Compared with the healthy control group, the MCCB’s total score and 8 out of 10 subscores were significantly lower in NTFE patients (all p < 0.001). Moreover, in patients but not healthy controls, the performance in the Trail Making Test was negatively correlated with the FA value in the left cingulate. Our findings provide evidence that WM disconnection is involved in some cognitive impairment in the early course of SCZ.

scholarly journals Nicotine Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan M Kangiser ◽  
Alicia M Thomas ◽  
Christine M Kaiver ◽  
Krista M Lisdahl
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Fractional Anisotropy ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

Abstract Objective Nicotine use is widely prevalent among youth, and is associated with white matter microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). In adults, nicotine use is generally associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA), but in adolescents/young adults (≤30 years), microstructure appears healthier, indicated by higher FA. This cross-sectional study examined associations between nicotine use and white matter microstructure using fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) in young adults. Methods Fifty-three participants (18 nicotine users [10 female]/35 controls [17 female]) ages 18–25 underwent MRI scan, neuropsychological battery, toxicology screening, and drug use interview. Nicotine group associations with FA and MD were examined in various white matter tracts. In significant tracts, AD and RD were measured. Exploratory correlations were conducted between significant tracts and verbal memory and sustained attention/working memory performance. Results Nicotine users exhibited significantly lower FA than controls in the left anterior thalamic radiation, left inferior longitudinal fasciculus, left superior longitudinal fasciculus—temporal, and left uncinate fasciculus. In these tracts, AD and RD did not differ, nor did MD differ in any tract. White matter quality was positively correlated with sustained attention/working memory performance. Conclusions Cigarette smoking may disrupt white matter microstructure. These results are consistent with adult studies, but inconsistent with adolescent/young adult studies, likely due to methodological and sample age differences. Further studies should examine longitudinal effects of nicotine use on white matter microstructure in a larger sample.

P.1.i.014 Alterations of white matter microstructure in anorexia nervosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S270-S271
Author(s):  
E. Via ◽  
A. Zalesky ◽  
A. Fornito ◽  
I. García ◽  
L. Forcano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Microstructure

scholarly journals Microstructural anatomical differences between bilinguals and monolinguals

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
NANDINI C. SINGH ◽  
ARCHITH RAJAN ◽  
ARCHANA MALAGI ◽  
KEERTHI RAMANUJAN ◽  
MATTEO CANINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Mean Diffusivity ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
White Matter Microstructure ◽  
Inferior Longitudinal Fasciculus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterior Thalamic Radiation

DTI is an established method to study cerebral white-matter microstructure. Two established measures of DTI are fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) and both differ for bilingual and monolingual speakers. Less is known about differences in two other measures called radial (RD) and axial diffusivity (AD). We report differences in mean RD and AD-values in the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and forceps minor between bilingual (Hindi–English) and monolingual (English) speakers as well as differences in mean FA-values in the anterior thalamic radiation, right inferior fronto-occipital and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) and mean MD-values in forceps minor and bilateral SLF. Noteworthy, a positive correlation between L2 proficiency and mean RD-values in the right SLF was observed. We suggest that changes in the geometry of white matter tracts reflect regular bilingual language experience and contend that neuroplasticity in right SLF results from demands on cognitive control for bilingual speakers.

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