scholarly journals Doubled haploid based parental lines are most suitable in predicting heterosis using microsatellites and in development of highly heterotic F1 hybrids in Brassica oleracea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
S.S. Dey ◽  
Reeta Bhatia ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Kanika Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Parental Lines

AbstractIn Brassica oleracea, heterosis is one of the most efficient tools giving impetus to hybrid vegetable industry. In this context, we presented the first report on identifying superior heterotic crosses for yield and commercial traits in cauliflower involving cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) and doubled haploid (DH) lines as parents. We studied the suitability of SSR and EST-SSRs based genetic distance (GD) and morphological markers based phenotypic distance (PD) in prediction of heterosis when DH based genotypes are used as parents in developing F1 hybrids. Overall 120 F1 hybrids derived from twenty Ogura cybrid CMS lines and six DH based testers were evaluated for 16 phenotypic traits along with their 26 parental lines and 4 commercial standard checks, in 10 × 15 alpha lattice design. The genomic SSR and EST-SSRs based genetic structure analysis grouped 26 parental lines into 4 distinct clusters. The CMS lines Ogu118-6A, Ogu33A, Ogu34-1A were good general combiner for developing short duration hybrids. The SCA effects were significantly associated with heterosis suggesting non-additive gene effects for heterotic response of hybrids. Less than unity value of σ2A/D coupled with σ2gca/σ2scaindicated the predominance of non-additive gene action in the expression of studied traits. The genetic distance estimates among 26 parents ranged from 0.44 to 0.98 and were significantly associated with heterosis for important commercial traits, suggesting the utility of microsatellite based genetic distance in prediction of heterosis in B. oleracea.

scholarly journals Combining ability between common bean gene groups for root distribution trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Cerutti ◽  
Sibila Grigolo ◽  
Rita Carolina de Melo ◽  
Ana Carolina da Costa Lara Fioreze ◽  
Altamir Frederico Guidolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Root Distribution ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Relative Number ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Gene Group ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Additive Gene

ABSTRACT When different gene groups are combined by hybridization, the expression of predominant genes for a trait must be known. This understanding is fundamental to the decisions made by breeders in the stages of cultivation and selection of segregating populations during the breeding program. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of combining ability and gene action for the root distribution traits of the Andean and Mesoamerican common bean gene groups. Six common bean parents from the Andean and Mesoamerican groups were hybridized in a complete diallel mating scheme, resulting in 30 F1 hybrids. The parents and hybrids were planted in the field in a simple lattice design. The target trait was root distribution, calculated as the relative number of roots in the topsoil. The effect of the general combining ability was significantly higher than that of the specific combining ability (58%) and the reciprocal effect (41%). Particularly, the combination estimates were modified according to the order of the gene groups used. The combinations IPR Uirapuru x BAF53 (Mesoamerican x Andean), BAF53 x CBS14 (Andean x Andean), and CBS14 x IPR Uirapuru (Andean x Mesoamerican) mainly exhibited an increase in the mean root distribution. However, the highest fraction of genetic variance correlated with additive components (60%), even in crosses involving different gene groups. Consequently, the additive gene action was predominant in the expression of root distribution trait in common bean, irrespective of the gene group used.

scholarly journals Diallel Analysis for Area, Chlorophyll and Temperature of Flag Leaf in Bread Wheat under Well Watered and Drought Stress Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Naheif E. Mohamed ◽  
Ismail M. Bedawy ◽  
Yasser A. M. Hefny
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Additive Gene

To study genetic analysis of some physiological traits of drought stress in wheat using diallel techniques, an experiment was performed on ten bread wheat genotypes as parents and their 45 F1 hybrids in a randomized complete block design with three replicates under well-watered and drought stress conditions at the Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Sohag University, Egypt during season of 2018/19. The results showed significant differences between the genotypes (G), Parents (P), F1 crosses, P vs. F1, GCA and SCA under well-watered and drought stress in the flag leaf area (FLA), flag leaf chlorophyll content (FLCC) and flag leaf temperature (FLT), except FLCC for F1 crosses exhibited insignificant differences. The significant differences were found in the interaction of SCA × Env., in all studied traits and GCA × Env., for FLT., indicating the involvement of both additive and dominance gene action in their inheritance. The most desirable heterotic effects were considered as the largest positive heterosis estimates for FLA and FLCC, and the lowest negative for FLT. The parent numbers P9, P8 and P3 were the best general combiner for FLA under normal irrigation and drought stress. While the parents P2, P7 and P9 were the best general combiner for FLCC, under normal irrigation and (P1, P2 and P3) under drought stress. Therefor the parents P1, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under normal irrigation, also the P3, P4 and P5 were the best general combiner for FLT under drought stress conditions. Under normal irrigation and drought stress conditions as well as the combined data, the additive genetic components of variation (VA) in F1 ’s was much greater than dominance component (VD), as expressed by the (VA/VD) ratio which was more than unity for the FLA, and FLT under normal irrigation and their combined. This indicates that the additive gene effects in F1 crosses are more important than dominance and plays the major role in the inheritance of these studied traits.

Evaluation of genetic potential of shoot fly resistant sources in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

2008 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ARUNA ◽  
P. G. PADMAJA
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Shoot Fly ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sorghum Shoot Fly ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

SUMMARYTwelve sorghum lines resistant to sorghum shoot fly were evaluated for their combining ability for shoot fly resistance and traits associated with resistance, using three male sterile lines in two environments. Using a completely randomized block design with three replications, 36 hybrids and 15 parental genotypes were raised. Considerable genetic variation was observed for all the traits studied. Non-additive gene effects played an important role in governing glossiness, seedling vigour and proportion of plants with deadhearts. For trichome density, both additive and non-additive gene actions were important. Among the lines evaluated, those identified to be good combiners were SFCR 1047 for seedling vigour, deadheart proportion and trichome density, RSE 03 for glossiness, deadheart proportion at 21 DAE and trichome density, and SPSFR 94032 for seedling vigour and shoot fly eggs per plant. Genetic diversity and cluster analysis grouped the 15 parents (12 resistant and 3 susceptible parents) into five clusters. Utilization of the resistant lines belonging to different clusters in improving shoot fly resistance in sorghum is discussed.

scholarly journals Correlation of yield and heterosis of maize hybrids and their parental lines with genetic distance based on SSR markers

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Mladenovic-Drinic ◽  
Marija Kostadinovic ◽  
Danijela Ristic ◽  
Milan Stevanovic ◽  
Zoran Camdzija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Parental Lines

The yield, grain yield heterosis and genetic distance based on SSR markers were analyzed in eight maize hybrids and their parental lines. The mean grain yield of all F1 hybrids was 11.37 tha-1. The F1 hybrid from the crosses between L4xL6 gave the highest grain yield of 12.12 tha-1. For the mid parent heterosis (MPH) grain yields of the F1 hybrids, the data showed the average value of 164.25%, and ranged from 136.72% (L4xL6) to 218.07% (L8xL2), and for better parent heterosis (BPH) from 100.70% (H4) to 212.60% (H2), averaged 137.36%. The average genetic distance among parental inbred lines of analyzed hybrids was 0.58 with a range from 0.55 to 0.61. The GD showed a positive correlation with the grain yield of the F1 hybrids (0.22), as well as with MPH and BPH, with the values of 0.12 and 0.45, respectively.

scholarly journals Combining Ability Analysis of Maize Inbred Lines in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Abenezer Abebe Tefera ◽  
Legesse Wolde Beyene ◽  
Wosene Gebreselassie Abtew
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Maize Inbred Lines ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Proportional Contribution

The study was initiated to estimate combining ability of maize inbred lines and crosses using line by tester analysis. Fifty entries consists 48 F1 single crosses developed from 24 inbred lines and 2 testers using line x tester design and two commercial check hybrids used in the study. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed existence of significant genetic variation among genotypes for all studied traits except for plant aspect (PA). Location x entry interaction for most of the traits was not significant which suggests hybrid performance was consistent across tested locations. Line x tester analysis of variance showed that mean squares due to GCA of lines were significant (p< 0.01 or p< 0.05) for all studied traits. Mean squares of tester GCA and SCA were significant for most of studied traits. This indicates that both additive and non-additive gene effects had contributed for the variation of the crosses. However, higher proportional contribution of additive gene action for all studied traits was obtained. Several lines and crosses were identified as good general and specific combiners for yield and yield related traits. Lines L23, L11, L15 and crosses L2xT1, L3xT1, L8xT1, L11xT1, L23xT1 and L13xT2 were found to be good general and specific combiners, respectively. In conclusion, the stated inbred lines with desirable gca effects and cross combinations with desirable sca effects for grain yield and yield related traits could be used as useful genetic material.

scholarly journals Assessing the genetic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelia Nkhoma ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark D. Laing ◽  
Admire Shayanowako ◽  
Isack Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Parental Lines

Abstract Background Productivity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] in sub-Sahara Africa is curtailed by a lack of farmer-preferred and improved cultivars and modern production technologies. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of genetic diversity present among a collection of cowpea accessions from Zambia and Malawi using phenotypic traits and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and, to select distinct and complementary parental lines for cultivar development. One hundred cowpea genotypes were evaluated for agronomic traits in two selected sites in Zambia, using a 10 × 10 alpha lattice design with two replications. Ninety-four of the test genotypes were profiled with 14,116 SNP markers. Results Number of pods plant− 1 (NPP), pod length (PDL), and number of seeds pod− 1 (NSP), were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by genotype × environment interaction effects. Genotypes such as CP411, CP421, CP645, CP732, Chimponongo, and MS1–8–1-4 exhibited higher grain yield of > 1200 kg/ha with excellent performance in yield components such as NSP, PDL, HSW and GYD. Grain yield had significant (p < 0.05) associations with NPP (r = 0.50), NSP (r = 0.46) and PDL (r = 0.42) useful for simultaneous selection for yield improvement in cowpea. The SNP markers revealed gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.22 and 0.17, respectively, showing that the tested cowpea accessions were genetically diverse. Test genotypes were classified into four genetic groups irrespective of source of collection allowing selection and subsequent crosses to develop breeding populations for cultivar development. Conclusions Genotypes Bubebe, CP411, CP421, CP645, Chimponogo and MS1–8–1-4 were identified to be the most genetically divergent and high yielding making them ideal parental lines for breeding. This study provided a baseline information and identified promising cowpea genetic resources for effective breeding and systematic conservation.

scholarly journals Assessing the genetic diversity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] germplasm collections using phenotypic traits and SNP markers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelia Nkhoma ◽  
Hussein Shimelis ◽  
Mark Laing ◽  
Admire Shayanowako ◽  
Isack Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Parental Lines

Abstract Background: Productivity of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp] in sub-Sahara Africa is curtailed by a lack of farmer-preferred and improved cultivars and modern production technologies. The objectives of the study were to determine the extent of genetic diversity present among a collection of cowpea accessions from Zambia and Malawi using phenotypic traits and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and, to select distinct and complementary parental lines for cultivar development. One hundred cowpea genotypes were evaluated for agronomic traits in two selected sites in Zambia, using a 10×10 alpha lattice design with two replications. Ninety-four of the test genotypes were profiled with 14,116 SNP markers. Results: Number of pods plant-1 (NPP), pod length (PDL), and number of seeds pod-1 (NSP), were significantly (p<0.05) affected by genotype × environment interaction effects. Genotypes such as CP411, CP421, CP645, CP732, Chimponongo, and MS1-8-1-4 exhibited higher grain yield of > 1200 kg/ha with excellent performance in yield components such as NSP, PDL, HSW and GYD. Grain yield had significant (p<0.05) associations with NPP (r=0.50), NSP (r=0.46) and PDL (r=0.42) useful for simultaneous selection for yield improvement in cowpea. The SNP markers revealed gene diversity and polymorphic information content of 0.22 and 0.17, respectively, showing that the tested cowpea accessions were genetically diverse. Test genotypes were classified into four genetic groups irrespective of source of collection allowing selection and subsequent crosses to develop breeding populations for cultivar development. Conclusions: Genotypes Bubebe, CP411, CP421, CP645, Chimponogo and MS1-8-1-4 were identified to be the most genetically divergent and high yielding making them ideal parental lines for breeding. This study provided a baseline information and identified promising cowpea genetic resources for effective breeding and systematic conservation.

scholarly journals Pemilihan Tetua Persilangan pada Kubis (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) melalui Analisis Keragaman Genetik [Parental Line Selection in Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) through Genetic Diversity Analysis]

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Nur Kholilatul Izzah ◽  
NFN Reflinur
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Heterotic Groups ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
National University ◽  
Parental Lines ◽  
Seoul National University ◽  
Simple Sequence

<p>Kubis (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Untuk meningkatkan hasil panen kubis tiap tahunnya perlu didukung oleh tersedianya varietas unggul yang tahan penyakit, terutama penyakit busuk hitam dan akar gada yang dapat menggagalkan panen. Metode yang dapat diaplikasikan untuk merakit varietas unggul adalah melalui persilangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memilih kombinasi tetua persilangan yang ideal pada tanaman kubis melalui analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka SSR (<em>Simple Sequence Repeats</em>). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei 2013 di laboratorium Functional Crop Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Korea Selatan menggunakan 16 genotipe kubis yang diperoleh dari perusahaan benih Joeun, Korea Selatan. Keragaman genetik 16 genotipe kubis dianalisis menggunakan 35 marka SSR polimorfik, dan selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan keragaman genetik berdasarkan metode UPGMA. Nilai jarak genetik antar genotipe diperoleh berdasarkan rumus 1-nilai kesamaan genetik. Hasil analisis keragaman genetik membagi 16 genotipe kubis menjadi dua kelompok heterotik utama pada nilai kesamaan genetik 65,2%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis keragaman genetik dan nilai jarak genetik diperoleh empat kombinasi tetua persilangan ideal, yaitu genotipe IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (nilai jarak genetik 43%) dan IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (nilai jarak genetik 39%) untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit busuk hitam, serta genotipe IMO-18 vs IMO-10 dan IMO-17 vs IMO-10 dengan nilai jarak genetik masing-masing 45% dan 44% untuk karakter ketahanan terhadap penyakit akar gada. Keempat kombinasi tetua tersebut dipilih karena terletak pada kelompok heterotik berbeda serta mempunyai nilai jarak genetik yang jauh sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan peluang heterosis pada progeni yang dihasilkan.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong></p><p><em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>; Genotipe; Keragaman genetik; Kubis; Pemilihan tetua</p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Cabbage (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> var. <em>capitata</em>) is one of vegetable that has high economic value. The availability of high-yielding varieties that are resistant to some diseases, particularly black rot and clubroot disease is needed in order to increase cabbage yield per year. The method which can be applied to assemble new varieties is through crossbreeding program. The objective of this research was to select the ideal combination of parental lines in cabbage through analysis of genetic diversity by using SSR markers (Simple Sequence Repeats). The research was conducted from February to May 2013 in the laboratory of Crop Functional Genomics and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, South Korea using 16 cabbage genotypes obtained from Joeun seed company, South Korea. The genetic diversity of 16 cabbage genotypes were analyzed using 35 polymorphic SSR markers, and then used to determine the genetic diversity based on UPGMA method. Meanwhile, genetic distance value among cabbage genotypes obtained by the formula of 1-value genetic similarity. The results of genetic diversity analysis divided 16 cabbage genotypes into two main heterotic groups at genetic similarity value of 65.2%. Based on the results of genetic diversity analysis and genetic distance value, we selected four combinations of ideal parental lines, namely genotype IMO-03 vs IMO-08 (genetic distance value of 43%) and IMO-03 vs IMO-10 (genetic distance value of 39%) for black rot disease resistance character, as well as genotype IMO-18 vs IMO-10 and IMO-17 vs IMO-10 with genetic distance value of 45% and 44%, respectively for club root disease resistance character. These four parental lines combination were selected as ideal parental combinations due to they were located on a different heterotic groups and has high genetic distance value, which is expected to increase the chances of heterosis in their progeny.</p>

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