scholarly journals Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in Northeast Asia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromi Matsumae ◽  
Peter Ranacher ◽  
Patrick E. Savage ◽  
Damián E. Blasi ◽  
Thomas E. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Population History ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Small Scales ◽  
Cultural Indicator

AbstractCulture evolves in ways that are analogous to, but distinct from, genomes. Previous studies examined similarities between cultural variation and genetic variation (population history) at small scales within language families, but few studies empirically investigated such parallels across language families using diverse cultural data. We report an analysis comparing culture and genomes from in and around Northeast Asia spanning 11 language families. We extract and summarize the variation in language (grammar, phonology, lexicon), music (song structure, performance style), and genomes (genome-wide SNPs) and test for correlations. We find that grammatical structure correlates with population history. Recent contact and shared descent fail to explain the signal, suggesting relationships that arose before the formation of current families. Our results suggest that grammar might be a cultural indicator of population history, while also demonstrating differences among cultural and genetic relationships that highlight the complex nature of human history.

scholarly journals Exploring correlations in genetic and cultural variation across language families in northeast Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. eabd9223
Author(s):  
Hiromi Matsumae ◽  
Peter Ranacher ◽  
Patrick E. Savage ◽  
Damián E. Blasi ◽  
Thomas E. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Northeast Asia ◽  
Population History ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Grammatical Structure ◽  
Performance Style ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Cultural Indicator

Culture evolves in ways that are analogous to, but distinct from, genomes. Previous studies examined similarities between cultural variation and genetic variation (population history) at small scales within language families, but few studies have empirically investigated these parallels across language families using diverse cultural data. We report an analysis comparing culture and genomes from in and around northeast Asia spanning 11 language families. We extract and summarize the variation in language (grammar, phonology, lexicon), music (song structure, performance style), and genomes (genome-wide SNPs) and test for correlations. We find that grammatical structure correlates with population history (genetic history). Recent contact and shared descent fail to explain the signal, suggesting relationships that arose before the formation of current families. Our results suggest that grammar might be a cultural indicator of population history while also demonstrating differences among cultural and genetic relationships that highlight the complex nature of human history.

scholarly journals Genotyping-by-Sequencing of Gossypium hirsutum Races and Cultivars Uncovers Novel Patterns of Genetic Relationships and Domestication Footprints

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117693431988994
Author(s):  
Shulin Zhang ◽  
Yaling Cai ◽  
Jinggong Guo ◽  
Kun Li ◽  
Renhai Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Association Analyses ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Candidate Gene Locus

Determining the genetic rearrangement and domestication footprints in Gossypium hirsutum cultivars and primitive race genotypes are essential for effective gene conservation efforts and the development of advanced breeding molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding. In this study, 94 accessions representing the 7 primitive races of G hirsutum, along with 9 G hirsutum and 12 Gossypium barbadense cultivated accessions were evaluated. The genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) approach was employed and 146 558 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were generated. Distinct SNP signatures were identified through the combination of selection scans and association analyses. Phylogenetic analyses were also conducted, and we concluded that the Latifolium, Richmondi, and Marie-Galante race accessions were more genetically related to the G hirsutum cultivars and tend to cluster together. Fifty-four outlier SNP loci were identified by selection-scan analysis, and 3 SNPs were located in genes related to the processes of plant responding to stress conditions and confirmed through further genome-wide signals of marker-phenotype association analysis, which indicate a clear selection signature for such trait. These results identified useful candidate gene locus for cotton breeding programs.

scholarly journals Endocrine Fertility Parameters—Genomic Background and Their Genetic Relationship to Boar Taint in German Landrace and Large White

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ines Brinke ◽  
Christine Große-Brinkhaus ◽  
Katharina Roth ◽  
Maren Julia Pröll-Cornelissen ◽  
Sebastian Klein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Large White ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Fertility Traits

The surgical castration of young male piglets without anesthesia is no longer allowed in Germany from 2021. One alternative is breeding against boar taint, but shared synthesis pathways of androstenone (AND) and several endocrine fertility parameters (EFP) indicate a risk of decreasing fertility. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic background between AND, skatole (SKA), and six EFP in purebred Landrace (LR) and Large White (LW) populations. The animals were clustered according to their genetic relatedness because of their different origins. Estimated heritabilities (h2) of AND and SKA ranged between 0.52 and 0.34 in LR and LW. For EFP, h2 differed between the breeds except for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (h2: 0.28–0.37). Both of the breeds showed unfavorable relationships between AND and testosterone, 17-β estradiol, and FSH. The genetic relationships (rg) between SKA and EFP differed between the breeds. A genome-wide association analysis revealed 48 significant associations and confirmed a region for SKA on Sus Scrofa chromosome (SSC) 14. For EFP, the results differed between the clusters. In conclusion, rg partly confirmed physiologically expected antagonisms between AND and EFP. Particular attention should be spent on fertility traits that are based on EFP when breeding against boar taint to balance the genetic progress in both of the trait complexes.

scholarly journals Genome-wide patterns of homozygosity provide clues about the population history and adaptation of goats

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bertolini ◽  
◽  
Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso ◽  
Gabriele Marras ◽  
Ezequiel L. Nicolazzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population History ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Genome-wide SNP typing reveals signatures of population history

Genomics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Austin L. Hughes ◽  
Robert Welch ◽  
Vinita Puri ◽  
Casey Matthews ◽  
Kashif Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population History ◽  
Snp Typing ◽  
Genome Wide

scholarly journals Inferring the population history of Tai-Kadai-speaking people and southernmost Han Chinese on Hainan Island by genome-wide array genotyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1111-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guanglin He ◽  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Jianxin Guo ◽  
Mengge Wang ◽  
Xing Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hainan Island ◽  
Han Chinese ◽  
Population History ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
History Of

Tracing the Evolution and Economic Potential of Konjac Glucomannan in Amorphophallus species (Araceae) using Molecular Phylogeny and RAPD Markers

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 282 (2) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORACHORN MEKKERDCHOO ◽  
CHALEEDA BOROMPICHAICHARTKUL ◽  
ALLISON PERRIGO ◽  
GEORGE SRZEDNICKI ◽  
CHEUNJIT PRAKITCHAIWATTANA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Konjac Glucomannan ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Amorphophallus Konjac ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Present Understanding

The genus Amorphophallus is an economically important taxon that is abundant in Old World tropical forests (Asia, Oceania and Africa). It includes many species that are used with increasing frequency as a source of food and pharmaceutical products worldwide. Amorphophallus konjac is an important economic crop and has been used widely in China and Japan for commercial konjac glucomannan (KGM) production. However, the species’ range does not extend to Thailand, where other closely related species may be more suitable for commercial KGM production. Present understanding of genetic relationships among Thai Amorphophallus species is still limited, and the connection between evolutionary history and KGM content is unknown. Here, the genetic relationships among various accessions of Amorphophallus spp. collected in Thailand are investigated using the chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer, nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the second intron of LEAFY (FLint2) together with genome-wide DNA variation analysis, Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. RAPD primers are also developed to quickly and efficiently identify species producing high levels of KGM. This study finds that two monophyletic clades include high KGM content species. RAPD analyses indicate that primer AC-10 generates specific bands identifying species belonging only to the high and medium KGM content clades.  These primers can be used as a screening tool for economical species, aiming at improving the industrial production of KGM in Thailand and the world.

New evidence on the relationship between Microsporidia and Fungi: a genome-wide analysis by DarkHorse software

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (9) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng Xiang ◽  
Ruizhi Zhang ◽  
David De Koeyer ◽  
Guoqing Pan ◽  
Tian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Enterocytozoon Bieneusi ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
Encephalitozoon Intestinalis ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Fungal Genes ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
The Relationship

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites that infect a wide variety of species, including humans. Phylogenetic analysis indicates a relationship between the Microsporidia and the Fungi. However, most results are based on the analysis of relatively few genes. DarkHorse analysis involves the transformation of BLAST results into a lineage probability index (LPI) value and allows for the comparison of genes for an entire genome with those of other genomes. Thus, we can see which genes from the microsporidia score most closely based on the LPI with other eukaryotic organisms. In this analysis, we calculated the LPI for each gene from the genomes of 7 Microsporidia, Antonospora locustae, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, Nosema bombycis, Nosema ceranae, and Nematocida parisii, to analyze the genetic relationships between Microsporidia and other species. It was found that many (91%) genes were most closely correlated with genes from other microsporidial genomes and had the highest mean LPI (0.985), indicating a monophyletic origin of the Microsporidia. In a subsequent analysis, we excluded the other Microsporidia from the analysis to look for relationships before the divergence of Microsporidia, and found that 43% of the microsporidial genes scored highest with fungal genes, and a higher mean LPI was found with Fungi than with other kingdoms, suggesting that Microsporidia is closely related to Fungi at the genomic level. Microsporidial genes were functionally clustered based on the KOG (Eukaryotic COG) database, and the possible lineages for each gene family were discussed in concert with the DarkHorse results.

scholarly journals Genomics of end-Pleistocene population replacement in a small mammal

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1872) ◽  
pp. 20172624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kotlík ◽  
Silvia Marková ◽  
Mateusz Konczal ◽  
Wiesław Babik ◽  
Jeremy B. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Bank Vole ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
European Population ◽  
Population History ◽  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Northern Territories ◽  
Approximate Bayesian

Current species distributions at high latitudes are the product of expansion from glacial refugia into previously uninhabitable areas at the end of the last glaciation. The traditional view of postglacial colonization is that southern populations expanded their ranges into unoccupied northern territories. Recent findings on mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of British small mammals have challenged this simple colonization scenario by demonstrating a more complex genetic turnover in Britain during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition where one mtDNA clade of each species was replaced by another mtDNA clade of the same species. Here, we provide evidence from one of those small mammals, the bank vole ( Clethrionomys glareolus ), that the replacement was genome-wide. Using more than 10 000 autosomal SNPs we found that similar to mtDNA, bank vole genomes in Britain form two (north and south) clusters which admix. Therefore, the genome of the original postglacial colonists (the northern cluster) was probably replaced by another wave of migration from a different continental European population (the southern cluster), and we gained support for this by modelling with approximate Bayesian computation. This finding emphasizes the importance of analysis of genome-wide diversity within species under changing climate in creating opportunities for sophisticated testing of population history scenarios.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document