scholarly journals Potential influence of school-based lifestyle strategies among Australian Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children: a cross-sectional comparison of adiposity and weight related behaviours between 2010 and 2015

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise L Hardy ◽  
Rona MacNiven ◽  
Tuguy Esgin ◽  
Seema Mihrshahi
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Obesity Prevention Programs ◽  
Unhealthy Weight ◽  
Aboriginal Children

AbstractBackgroundIn New South Wales (Australia) there has been substantial long term investment in school-based child obesity prevention programs. Whether these programs have led to population level improvements in children’s adiposity and weight-related behaviours in Aboriginal children, who are at greater risk of poorer health outcomes, is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in adiposity and weight-related behaviours of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children and to examine the equality of changes between the two groups.MethodsRepresentative cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 2010 and 2015 among children age 5-16 years (n=15,613), stratified by Aboriginality. Indicators of weight-related behaviour (diet, physical activity, school travel, screen-time) were measured by questionnaire with parents responding for children age <10 years and self-report by children age >10 years. Objective measurements included height, weight, waist circumference, cardiorespiratory fitness, and fundamental movement skills.ResultsAdiposity prevalences were significantly higher in 2015, than 2010 among non-Aboriginal children only, however adiposity prevalences were consistently higher among Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal children. There were positive changes towards adopting healthier weight-related behaviours in all children between surveys, which were consistently significant among non-Aboriginal, but not Aboriginal, children. The magnitude of changes and the 2015 prevalences in weight-related behaviours were generally similar for Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children, however positive changes in fruit consumption and locomotor skills were significantly larger among Aboriginal than non-Aboriginal children. The prevalence of being driven to school in 2015 was significantly higher than 2010 for both groups.ConclusionsOverall, there are signs that Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children are shifting towards healthier weight-related behaviours. However, many unhealthy weight-related behaviours remain highly prevalent. Our findings may have utility for the direction of future health policy and service delivery to Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children and the development of health promotion programs to build on these improvements in health behaviours.

Prevention

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barr Taylor ◽  
Ellen E. Fitzsimmons-Craft ◽  
Neha J. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dissonance ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Clinical Risk Factor ◽  
Prevention Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Obesity Prevention Programs

Eating disorders (EDs) are important and common problems among adolescents and young women, and preventing them would be an important public health achievement. Fortunately, several recent studies, informed by cross-sectional, longitudinal, and clinical risk factor research, have demonstrated a significant decrease in ED risk factors, with several programs also achieving a significant reduction in ED onset within at-risk females. This chapter reviews and evaluates the state of ED prevention research, highlighting current theoretical approaches and effective programs, emphasizing emerging empirical support for cognitive dissonance, Internet, school-based, media literacy, and combined ED and obesity prevention programs. Conclusions about how to enhance recent progress in the field of EDs are provided.

scholarly journals Health literacy and health-promoting behaviours among Australian-Singaporean communities living in Sydney metropolitan area

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tze Gek Ho ◽  
Hassan Hosseinzadeh ◽  
Bayzidur Rahman ◽  
Mohamud Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Smoking And Health

Background: Health literacy affects how individuals navigate and make decisions within the healthcare system and has been recognized to influence health behaviours. However, less is known about its associations with health-promoting behaviours amongst Australian migrant populations. This study is an attempt to fill this gap by investigating the level of health literacy and its associations with physical activity, healthy diet, smoking and health services utilization among Australian-Singaporean communities. Methods: A total of 157 participants were recruited from Singaporean communities living in Sydney metropolitan areas, New South Wales, Australia. Data was collected through a cross-sectional online survey from January 2016 to August 2016. Results: Most of the respondents were female (56.1%), employed (70.7%) and had lived in Sydney for >5 years (80.3%). About 60% of the participants were inadequately health-literate (Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool score ≤ 16). The level of health literacy varied significantly based on participants’ socioeconomic status. Regression analysis indicated that health literacy was a reliable predictor of health-promoting behaviours including diet, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity and having a medical check-up. Conclusions: This study’s findings have significant implications for health policy makers and suggest that health literacy should be encouraged and included in any health-promoting behaviour interventions amongst migrant populations.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Health Behaviours among University Students: The Predictive and Moderating Role of Gender

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romualdas Malinauskas ◽  
Audrone Dumciene ◽  
Saule Sipaviciene ◽  
Vilija Malinauskiene
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the role of gender as a potential predictor of health behaviour and potential moderator of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health behaviour. This cross-sectional study included 1214 students (597 males and 617 females). Data were collected using the Schutte Self-Report Inventory and the Health Behaviour Checklist. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was executed with the components of health behaviour as the dependent variables to examine the predictive value of the emotional intelligence indicators as the independent variables. Gender predicted all categories of health behaviours. Only one indicator of emotional intelligence, appraisal, predicted the Accident Control and Traffic Risk Taking categories. The emotional intelligence indicator of social skills emerged only as a predictor of Wellness Maintenance and Enhancement in university students. Gender moderates the relationship between all emotional intelligence indicators and health behaviour components except the relationship between Appraisal and Substance Risk Taking and the relationship between Utilization and traffic risk taking.

scholarly journals Comparing the Caries Prevalence between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Children in Remote New South Wales, Australia: A Cross Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Objective: To compare the caries prevalence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children two to five years of age. Methods: A sample of young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children from remote New South Wales Australia was recruited. Children with parental consent participated in dental examinations which were undertaken by one calibrated examiner who recorded the decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces. Results: 268 children were examined. The decayed missing and filled teeth scores were significantly higher for Aboriginal children (p =<0.01). Most Aboriginal Children examined had decayed teeth (n= 55, 52.4%) unlike non-Aboriginal participants (n = 27, 16.6%). Conclusion: Aboriginal children in remote areas of New South Wales have a significantly higher prevalence of dental caries when compared with their non-Aboriginal peers.

scholarly journals Trends in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption among California children

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
pp. 2864-2869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L Beck ◽  
Suzanna Martinez ◽  
Anisha I Patel ◽  
Alicia Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Population Level ◽  
California Health Interview Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sugar Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sweetened Beverage ◽  
Sports Drinks ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjective:To assess trends in consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) from 2013 to 2016 among all children in California aged 2–5 and 6–11 years and by racial-ethnic group.Design:Serial cross-sectional study using the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).Setting:CHIS is a telephone survey of households in California designed to assess population-level estimates of key health behaviours. Previous research using CHIS documented a decrease in SSB consumption among children in California from 2003 to 2009 coinciding with state-level policy efforts targeting child SSB consumption.Participants:Parents of children in California aged 2–11 years (n 4901 in 2013–2014; n 3606 in 2015–2016) were surveyed about the child’s consumption of soda and sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks on the day prior.Results:Among 2–5-year-olds, consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any SSB remained stable. Sweetened fruit drink/sports drink consumption was higher than soda consumption in this age group. Latino 2–5- year-olds were more likely to consume any SSB in both 2013–2014 and 2015–2016 compared with Whites. Among 6–11-year-olds, consumption of soda, sweetened fruit drinks/sports drinks and any SSB also remained stable over time. Latino and African-American 6–11-year-olds were more likely to consume an SSB in 2013–2014 compared with White children.Conclusions:SSB consumption among children in California was unchanged from 2013 to 2016 and racial-ethnic disparities were evident. Increased policy efforts are needed to further reduce SSB consumption, particularly among children of Latino and African-American backgrounds.

Nonwillingness to Return to the Emergency Department and Nonattendance of Follow-Up Care Arrangements Following an Initial Suicide-Related Presentation

Crisis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Y. Rosebrock ◽  
Philip J. Batterham ◽  
Nicola A. Chen ◽  
Lauren McGillivray ◽  
Demee Rheinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Patients Experience ◽  
Suicidal Crisis

Abstract. Background: For people experiencing a suicidal crisis the emergency department (ED) is often the only option to find help. Aims: The aims of this study were (a) to identify predictors of patients' nonwillingness to return to the ED for help with a future suicidal crisis, and (b) whether nonwillingness to return was associated with follow-up appointment nonattendance. Method: This study utilized baseline data from the RESTORE online survey, and included 911 participants who had presented to an ED for suicidal crisis in the past 18 months, across participating local health districts in the Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales. Results: Patients who reported a more negative ED experience and longer triage wait times were less willing to return. Those who were less willing to return were also less likely to attend their follow-up appointment. Limitations: Due to the cross-sectional study design, causal inferences are not possible. Additionally, the self-report measures used are susceptible to recall bias. Conclusion: Patients' experience of service at EDs is a key indicator to drive improvement of patient outcomes for individuals experiencing a suicidal crisis.

scholarly journals Facial emotion recognition in adolescents with psychotic-like experiences: a school-based sample from the general population

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 2157-2166 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Roddy ◽  
L. Tiedt ◽  
I. Kelleher ◽  
M. C. Clarke ◽  
J. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Facial Emotion Recognition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Facial Emotion ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Based ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundPsychotic symptoms, also termed psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) in the absence of psychotic disorder, are common in adolescents and are associated with increased risk of schizophrenia-spectrum illness in adulthood. At the same time, schizophrenia is associated with deficits in social cognition, with deficits particularly documented in facial emotion recognition (FER). However, little is known about the relationship between PLEs and FER abilities, with only one previous prospective study examining the association between these abilities in childhood and reported PLEs in adolescence. The current study was a cross-sectional investigation of the association between PLEs and FER in a sample of Irish adolescents.MethodThe Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS), a self-report measure of PLEs, and the Penn Emotion Recognition-40 Test (Penn ER-40), a measure of facial emotion recognition, were completed by 793 children aged 10–13 years.ResultsChildren who reported PLEs performed significantly more poorly on FER (β=−0.03, p=0.035). Recognition of sad faces was the major driver of effects, with children performing particularly poorly when identifying this expression (β=−0.08, p=0.032).ConclusionsThe current findings show that PLEs are associated with poorer FER. Further work is needed to elucidate causal relationships with implications for the design of future interventions for those at risk of developing psychosis.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Psychosocial Correlates and Physical Activity in Underserved Adolescent Boys and Girls in the ACT Trial

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah G. Lawman ◽  
Dawn K. Wilson ◽  
M. Lee Van Horn ◽  
Ken Resnicow ◽  
Heather Kitzman-Ulrich
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
School Based ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Background:Previous research suggests motivation, enjoyment, and self-efficacy may be important psycho-social factors for understanding physical activity (PA) in youth. While previous studies have shown mixed results, emerging evidence indicates relationships between psychosocial factors and PA may be stronger in boys than girls. This study expands on previous research by examining in the effects of motivation, enjoyment, and self-efficacy on PA in underserved adolescents (low income, ethnic minorities) boys and girls. Based on previous literature, it was hypothesized the effects of motivation, enjoyment, and self-efficacy on moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) would be stronger in boys than in girls.Methods:Baseline cross-sectional data were obtained from a randomized, school-based trial (Active by Choice Today; ACT) in underserved 6th graders (N = 771 girls, 651 boys). Intrapersonal variables for PA were assessed via self-report and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted for each predictor. MVPA was assessed with 7-day accelerometry estimates.Results:Multivariate regression analyses stratified by sex demonstrated a significant positive main effect of self-efficacy and motivation on MVPA for girls. Boys also showed a positive trend for the effect of motivation on MVPA.Conclusions:The results from this study suggest motivation and self-efficacy should be better integrated to facilitate the development of more effective interventions for increasing PA in underserved adolescents.

Comparing the Caries Prevalence between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Children in Remote New South Wales, Australia: A Cross Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Parental Consent ◽  
Caries Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Indigenous Children ◽  
Aboriginal Children

Objective: To compare the caries prevalence between Indigenous and non-Indigenous children two to five years of age. Methods: A sample of young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children from remote New South Wales Australia was recruited. Children with parental consent participated in dental examinations which were undertaken by one calibrated examiner who recorded the decayed, missing and filled teeth/surfaces. Results: 268 children were examined. The decayed missing and filled teeth scores were significantly higher for Aboriginal children (p = <0.01). Most Aboriginal children examined had decayed teeth (n= 55, 52.4%) unlike non-Aboriginal participants (n = 27, 16.6%). Conclusion: Aboriginal children in remote areas of New South Wales have a significantly higher prevalence of dental caries when compared with their non-Aboriginal peers.

Abstract 063: Racial/Ethnic Differences In Blood Pressure Around The Time Of The 2016 United States General Election

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Y Hwang ◽  
Michelle I Cardel ◽  
Steven M Smith
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Population Level ◽  
General Election ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Hypertension Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Introduction: Politics are a major source of stress and anxiety among U.S. adults, and the 2016 U.S. general election may have led to increased psychosocial stress among different racial/ethnic populations. Psychosocial stress can manifest physiologically in elevated blood pressure (BP). Yet, little is known regarding whether this response differs among racial/ethnic groups. We sought to characterize population-level changes in BP among non-Hispanic (NH) Whites, NH Blacks, and Mexican Americans before and after the 2016 U.S. general election. Methods: Using cross-sectional 2015-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data, we included participants aged ≥20 years with ≥1 systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) measurement during the examination periods just prior to and after the election. The pre-election period was from May 2016 to October 2016 and the post-election period was from November 2017 to April 2018. Survey-weighted data were analyzed to compare mean SBP and DBP pre- and post-election, stratified by race/ethnicity. Stratified analyses were also performed on hypertension status, defined as self-report, mean BP ≥140/90, or use of ≥1 antihypertensive drug. Results: We included 1,060 NH Whites, 720 NH Blacks, and 223 Mexican Americans during the pre-election period and 676 NH Whites, 564 NH Blacks, and 468 Mexican Americans during the post-election period. We observed a significant increase in SBP among Mexican Americans (mean±SEM, 118±0.5 mmHg [pre-election] vs. 121.7±0.7 mmHg [post-election], p=0.005), but not among NH Blacks (126.7±0.9 mmHg vs. 128.9±0.7 mmHg, p=0.083) nor NH Whites (123±0.6 mmHg vs. 124.8±1.4 mmHg, p=0.256). DBP increased among both Mexican Americans (69.5±0.5 mmHg vs. 72.6±1.1 mmHg, p=0.022) and NH Blacks (72.2±0.8 mmHg vs. 74.9±0.6 mmHg, p=0.012), but not among NH Whites (70.4±0.4 mmHg vs. 72.9±1.3 mmHg, p=0.075). These effects were largely attributable to BP changes among those with hypertension (pre-election: 414 NH Whites, 350 NH Blacks, 60 Mexican Americans; post-election: 330 NH Whites, 298 NH Blacks, 156 Mexican Americans), in whom there was an increase in SBP among NH Blacks (138.8±1.3 mmHg vs. 143.7±1.7 mmHg, p=0.032) and Mexican Americans (133.9±1.1 mmHg vs. 141.9±1.5 mmHg, p=0.0002); and an increase in DBP among NH Blacks (76.2±1.2 mmHg vs. 80.8±0.9 mmHg, p=0.005). No significant changes were observed in any racial/ethnic group without hypertension. Conclusions: At the population-level, NH Blacks and Mexican Americans had increases in BP following the 2016 U.S. general election, largely driven by BP elevations among those with hypertension. Patient-level data, especially linked with political affiliation, may provide additional insights into the psychosocial stress effect of major political events.

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