scholarly journals Elevated CO2 induces age-dependent restoration of growth and metabolism in gibberellin-deficient plants

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karla Gasparini ◽  
Lucas C. Costa ◽  
Fred A. L. Brito ◽  
Thaline M. Pimenta ◽  
Flávio Barcellos Cardoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Stunted Growth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Ga Content

AbstractMain conclusion The effect of elevated [CO2] on the growth of tomato plants with reduced GA content is influenced by developmental stage.The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere during the last decades has aroused interest in the function of this gas in the growth and development of plants. Despite the known association between elevated CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and plant growth, its effects in association with gibberellin (GA), plant hormone that regulates de major aspects of plant growth, are still poorly understood. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of elevated [CO2] on growth and primary metabolism in tomato plants with drastic reduction in GA content (gib-1) at two different growth stages (21 and 35 days after germination, dag). Disruption on growth, photosynthetic parameters and primary metabolism were restored when gib-1 plants were transferred to elevated [CO2] at 21 dag. Elevated [CO2] also stimulated growth and photosynthetic parameters in Wild type (WT) plants at 21 dag, however, minor changes were observed in the level of primary metabolites. At 35 dag, elevated [CO2] did not stimulate growth in WT plants and gib-1 mutants showed their characteristic stunted growth phenotype.

scholarly journals Silicon-Mediated Enhancement of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Rice at Different Growth Stages

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Huang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Wen ◽  
Yi-Xia Cai ◽  
Kun-Zheng Cai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Tolerance ◽  
Heavy Metal Tolerance ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Cell Membrane Integrity ◽  
Zn Toxicity ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Silicon (Si) plays important roles in alleviating heavy metal stress in rice plants. Here we investigated the physiological response of rice at different growth stages under the silicon-induced mitigation of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) toxicity. Si treatment increased the dry weight of shoots and roots and reduced the Cd and Zn concentrations in roots, stems, leaves and grains. Under the stress of exposure to Cd and Zn, photosynthetic parameters including the chlorophyll content and chlorophyll fluorescence decreased, while the membrane permeability and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased. Catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities increased under heavy metals stress, but superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities decreased. The magnitude of these Cd- and Zn-induced changes was mitigated by Si-addition at different growth stages. The available Cd concentration increased in the soil but significantly decreased in the shoots, which suggested that Si treatment prevents Cd accumulation through internal mechanisms by limiting Cd2+ uptake by the roots. Overall, the phenomena of Si-mediated alleviation of Cd and excess Zn toxicity in two rice cultivars could be due to the limitation of metal uptake and transport, resulting in an improvement in cell membrane integrity, photosynthetic performance and anti-oxidative enzyme activities after Si treatment.

scholarly journals The effects of tea plants-soybean intercropping on the secondary metabolites of tea plants by metabolomics analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Duan ◽  
Xiaowen Shang ◽  
Guodong Liu ◽  
Zhongwei Zou ◽  
Xujun Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Sustainable System ◽  
Leguminous Crops ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background Intercropping, especially with legumes, as a productive and sustainable system, can promote plants growth and improves the soil quality than the sole crop, is an essential cultivation pattern in modern agricultural systems. However, the metabolic changes of secondary metabolites and the growth in tea plants during the processing of intercropping with soybean have not been fully analyzed. Results The secondary metabolomic of the tea plants were significant influence with intercropping soybean during the different growth stages. Especially in the profuse flowering stage of intercropping soybean, the biosynthesis of amino acids was significantly impacted, and the flavonoid biosynthesis, the flavone and flavonol biosynthesis also were changed. And the expression of metabolites associated with amino acids metabolism, particularly glutamate, glutamine, lysine and arginine were up-regulated, while the expression of the sucrose and D-Glucose-6P were down-regulated. Furthermore, the chlorophyll photosynthetic parameters and the photosynthetic activity of tea plants were higher in the tea plants-soybean intercropping system. Conclusions These results strengthen our understanding of the metabolic mechanisms in tea plant’s secondary metabolites under the tea plants-soybean intercropping system and demonstrate that the intercropping system of leguminous crops is greatly potential to improve tea quality. These may provide the basis for reducing the application of nitrogen fertilizer and improve the ecosystem in tea plantations.

Soil amendments of fly ash: effects on function and biochemical activity of Carthamus tinctorius L. plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 12-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Sumira Jan ◽  
Riyazzuddin Khan ◽  
T.O. Siddiqi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Proper disposal and recycling of different industrial waste materials have long been recognized as a prime environmental concern. The present study evaluated the effects of soil amendment of fly ash, a major industrial waste material, on soil properties, plant growth, productivity and metabolites production of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.). The soil was amended with varied concentrations of fly ash (0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% per pot) prior to sowing under field conditions in the herbal garden of Jamia Hamdard. Sampling was conducted at different growth stages, i.e. pre-flowering, flowering and post-flowering. Our results demonstrate that fly ash concentrations up to 25% improved the physicochemical properties of the soil as compared to non-treated control resulting in increased availability to the plant of macro and micronutrients and thereby stimulating plant growth and productivity. Contents of photosynthetic pigments, sugars, protein, and nitrate reductase (NR) activity increased under 25% fly ash amendment. The highest beneficial effect was found during the flowering stage > pre-flowering > post-flowering stages. Further increase in fly ash concentration reduced the stimulated effects on the plants, exhibiting a minimum under 75% fly ash application. Thus, it was concluded that incorporation of 25% fly ash to the cultivation soil not only improves the physicochemical properties of the soil, but also contributes to better growth, yield and metabolism of safflower.

scholarly journals Plant secondary metabolites as defenses, regulators and primary metabolites- The blurred functional trichotomy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Erb ◽  
Daniel J. Kliebenstein
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Environmental Selection ◽  
Plant Environment

The plant kingdom produces hundreds of thousands of small molecular weight organic compounds. Based on their assumed functions, the research community has classified them into three overarching groups: primary metabolites which are directly required for plant growth, secondary (or specialized) metabolites which mediate plant-environment interactions and hormones which regulate organismal processes, including metabolism. For decades, this functional trichotomy has shaped theory and experimentation in plant biology. However, evidence is accumulating that the boundaries between the different types of metabolites are blurred. An increasing number of mechanistic studies demonstrate that secondary metabolites are multifunctional and can act as potent regulators of plant growth and defense. Secondary metabolites are also re-integrated into primary metabolism, thus behaving like primary metabolites sensu lato. Several adaptive scenarios may have favored this functional diversity for secondary metabolites, including signaling robustness and cost-effective storage and recycling. Secondary metabolite multi-functionality can provide new explanations for ontogenetic patterns of defense production and can refine our understanding of plant-herbivore interactions, in particular by accounting for the discovery that adapted herbivores misuse plant secondary metabolites for multiple purposes, some of which mirror their functions in plants. In conclusion, recent work unveils the limits of our current classification system for plant metabolites and suggests that viewing them as integrated components of metabolic networks that are dynamically shaped by environmental selection pressures and transcend multiple trophic levels can improve our understanding of plant metabolism and plant-environment interactions.

scholarly journals The Shoot Apex (Vegetative or Generative) of Heliconia bihai and H. latispatha in Relation to Growth

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 861D-861
Author(s):  
Norberto Maciel ◽  
Eybar Rojas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Generative Stage ◽  
Different Growth Stages

The shoot apex from plants of Heliconia bihai (L.) L. and H. latispatha Benth. growing under natural inductive conditions, and two shade-loving (60% and 0%) at different growth stages (one to six or eight expanded leaves) was studied. Observations were made using a light microscope, in 15-μm-thick sections. The analysis included changes in 1) size and shape of the meristem, 2) shape, ubication of new leaves, spathes, and flowers in the apex, and 3) relation between these characteristics, the condition of the apex (vegetative, transitional, and generative), and the plant growth stages. The anatomical structures of the shoot apex (meristem, leaves, and flowers primordias) are illustrated by photomicrographs. The meristem change in size and shape with grow up expanded leaf number. The condition of the apex was related to the total leaf number. The total leaf number was five or six in H. bihai under 60% and 0 % shade levels and 8 in H. latispatha at both shade levels. The apex reaches the generative stage when the plant has a minimum expanded leaf number of four (at 60 % shade) and five (0 %) in H. bihai and five in both shade conditions in H. latispatha. After this, the inflorescence started progressively to raise above the rest of rhizome.

scholarly journals Impact of post-infiltration soil aeration at different growth stages of sub-surface trickle-irrigated tomato plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Li ◽  
Zong-xia Jia ◽  
Wen-Quan Niu ◽  
Jing-wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Sensitivity to low rhizosphere soil aeration may change over time and therefore plant response may also depend on different growth stages of a crop. This study quantified effects of soil aeration during 5 different periods, on growth and yield of trickle-irrigated potted single tomato plants. Irrigation levels were 0.6 to 0.7 (low level) or 0.7 to 0.8 (high level) of total water holding capacity of the pots. Soil was aerated by injecting 2.5 l of air into each pot through the drip tubing immediately after irrigation. Fresh fruit yield, above ground plant dry weight, plant height, and leaf area index response to these treatments were measured. For all these 4 response variables, means of post-infiltration aeration between 58 to 85 days after sowing were 13.4, 43.5, 13.7, and 37.7% higher than those for the non-aerated pots, respectively. The results indicated that: post-infiltration soil aeration can positively impact the yield and growth of sub-surface trickle-irrigated potted tomato plants; positive effects on plant growth can be obtained with aeration during the whole growth period or with aeration for partial periods; positive growth effects of partial periods of aeration appears to persist and result in yield benefit.

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