scholarly journals Menace to the ultimate antimicrobials among commonEnterobacteriaceaeclinical isolates in part of North-East India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Chetia ◽  
Minakshi Puzari ◽  
Nakul Neog ◽  
Amrit Borah
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

AbstractIntroductionEnterobacteriaceae, the normal dwellers in the human intestine, commonly associated with a variety of community acquired and nosocomial infections. Emerging trend of antibiotic resistance among these strains is a notable issue globally; more serious threat is the resistance against the available last resort antibiotics- the carbapenems. Our study thus intended to determine the burden of resistance towards this ultimate antimicrobial class, so as to assist in the empiric therapeutic decision making process and to search for alternate options.Materials and MethodsOur study was a cross-sectional study with inclusion of clinical isolates collected from varied sources, from health settings in upper Assam. The isolates were identified based on standard methods of morphology study and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the result interpreted as per the CLSI guidelines. The resistance of the reported carbapenem resistant isolates was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using commercial E-strip kit.ResultsAmong the enterobacterial isolatesKlebsiellaspp. accounted the majority, followed byEscherichia coli,Citrobacterspp.,Shigellaspp. and others. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was noted among 67.6% isolates; however, carbapenem resistance was confirmed in 18.9% of the totalEnterobacteriaceaeisolates.ConclusionHigher prevalence of resistance towards the last resort antimicrobial, carbapenems, among theEnterbacteriaceaeisolates of upper Assam seems to be upcoming threat to the region, limiting the treatment options in future.

Carbapenem resistance among common Enterobacteriaceae Clinical Isolates in part of North-East India

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan Sharma ◽  
Pankaj Chetia ◽  
Minakshi Puzari ◽  
Nakul Neog ◽  
Upasana Phukan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East

Background: Enterobacteriaceae, the normal dwellers in the human intestine, are commonly associated with a variety of community acquired and nosocomial infections. Emerging trend of antibiotic resistance among these strains is a notable issue globally; more serious threat is the resistance against the available last resort antibiotics- the carbapenems. Objective: The objective of our study was intended to determine the burden of resistance towards common antibiotic classes, so as to address the gap of drug resistance prevalence data, among the Enterobacteriaceae isolates obtained from the health settings in this region. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was done with inclusion of clinical isolates collected from varied sources, from health settings in upper Assam. The isolates were identified based on standard methods of morphology study and biochemical tests. The identified isolates were then subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing by following Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the result interpreted as per the CLSI guidelines. The resistance of the reported carbapenem resistant isolates was confirmed by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination using commercial E-strip kit. Results: Among the enterobacterial isolates Klebsiella spp. accounted the majority, followed by Escherichia coli, Citrobacter spp., Shigella spp. and others. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was noted among 67.6% isolates; however, carbapenem resistance was confirmed in 18.9% of the total Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of resistance towards carbapenems, among the Enterbacteriaceae isolates of upper Assam seems to be upcoming threat to the region, limiting the treatment options in future.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Assays for Detection of AmpC and MBL Producers among the Clinical Isolates of Multi Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Sarashwoti Adhikari ◽  
Sujeeb Rajbhandari
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objectives: In order to determine the prevalence of multi-drug resistance along with AmpC and metallo-β-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa, a six month cross-sectional study was carried out at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Center.Methods: A total of 756 clinical specimens were analyzed for bacteriological profile. The bacterial isolates were identified by cultural and biochemical techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. MDR isolates were screened and tested for MBL and AmpC production. Ceftazidime resistant isolates were tested for MBL and Cefoxitin resistant isolates for AmpC.Results: Among all the clinical samples analyzed, P. aeruginosa was detected in 75 samples (9.92%). Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed Imipenem as the most effective drug with susceptibility of 76% followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam (74.7%) and Piperacillin (41.3%). Out of 75 P. aeruginosa isolates, 53 (70.6%) of them were found to be resistant to at least three out of four anti-pseudomonal agents, thus were considered as MDR. Out of 53 multi-drug resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRPA), all were resistant to ceftazidime whereas 85% (45/53) were resistant to cefoxitin. Out of 53 isolates, 11 (20.75%) showed positive result for MBL. Similarly, 7 out of 45 i.e. 13.2% were found to be AmpC producers.Conclusion: This study signified the high prevalence of MDRPA which is an alarming rate. Also multiple β-lactamase producing P. aeruginosa were detected which can further complicate the treatment options. Regular monitoring of antibiotic susceptibility and rational use of antibiotics would be helpful in eliminating the outbreaks of multiple β-lactamase producing MDRPA.

scholarly journals Bacterial Etiology of Wound Exudates in Tertiary Care Cancer Patients and Antibiogram of the Isolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863372095207
Author(s):  
Kiran Duwadi ◽  
Sujan Khadka ◽  
Sanjib Adhikari ◽  
Sanjeep Sapkota ◽  
Pabitra Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Patients with malignancies frequently develop infections as a result of surgical procedures and fungating wounds leading to pus formation. This cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the bacteriological spectra of infections of various cancer sites and their antibiotic sensitivity patterns among the patients visiting minor operation theatre (OT) of B.P. Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital (BPKMCH), Chitwan, Nepal. Methods: Over a period of 3 months from September to November 2018, a total of 183 wound exudates and pus samples were collected and analyzed by standard microbiological procedures. Isolates were identified based on the colony characters, Gram staining and an array of biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique according to criteria set by CLSI, 2016. Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus was tested with the help of cefoxitin using disc diffusion method. Results: Out of the 183 samples, 149 (81.4%) were culture positive. Among 13 different isolates identified, S. aureus (43.0%) was predominant followed by E. coli (14.0%). Higher incidence of bacteria was seen among the males (52.3%), in the age group 51 to 60 years (26.8%) and among the patients undergoing surgical intervention to deal with cancer (34.2%). The prevalence of wound infection was significantly affected by gender, age, and treatment regimen ( P < .01). Out of the total 68 S. aureus isolates, 38 (44.1%) were deemed as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Among the 158 isolates, 85 (53.8%) were multi-drug resistant (MDR). Cefepime was the most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates whereas both imipenem and meropenem were found to be equally more effective for Gram negative isolates. Conclusion: This study suggests that patients with malignancies harbor pathogenic bacteria; therefore, prudent use of antibiotics is essential to prevent the emergence of MDR pathogens.

scholarly journals Socio-demographic profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients on second line antiretroviral therapy in a tertiary care centre of North-East India

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4594
Author(s):  
Arun Karmakar ◽  
Abhipsa Mazumdar ◽  
Nabarun Karmakar ◽  
Aditya Kumar Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demographic Profile ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Tertiary Centre ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: HIV/ AIDS is one of the major global health issue, resulting an epidemic. Understanding the socio-demographic profile with magnitude of risky behavior might include positive messages in the routine HIV/AIDS care and treatment. Objective of this study was to find out the socio-demographic, behavioural characteristics among patients receiving second line ART (Anti-Retroviral therapy) in a tertiary centre of North-East India.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among 90 PLWHA patients receiving second line ART in Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal from March 2016 to August 2017. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information.Results: Majority participants (43.3%) belonged to 30-40 years age group, mean age 39.96±8.021 years; 51.1% were female. Majority (58.9%) got infected with HIV through heterosexual route followed by IV drug use (31.1%). Nearly half (51.1%) were diagnosed with HIV for 11-15 years duration and majority (61.1%) were under 2nd line ART for 6-10 years duration. Here, 3.3% subjects had Hepatitis B and 7.8% were infected with hepatitis C.Conclusions: Young population were most affected group and heterosexual route being the commonest mode of transmission. Combination of socio-demographic, behavioural risk factor and unawareness are responsible for rapid spread of HIV/AIDS. So, people need to be educated for primary and secondary prevention.

SOCIOECONOMIC CHANGES AS COVARIATES OF OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY AMONG TANGKHUL NAGA TRIBAL WOMEN OF MANIPUR, NORTH-EAST INDIA

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. MUNGREIPHY ◽  
SATWANTI KAPOOR
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
North East India ◽  
North East ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes

SummaryThe prevalence of overweight/obesity is increasing worldwide. Although countries like India are typically thought of as having a high prevalence of undernutrition, significant proportions of overweight/obese now co-exist with the undernourished. This study aims to find the prevalence of overweight/obesity, and its association with socioeconomic change, among Tangkhul women in India. The cross-sectional study was carried out among 346 Tangkhul women aged 20–70 years, who were divided into five 10-year age groups. Mean BMI was found to be lowest among the youngest age group, and it increased with age until the age of 59 and then declined. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 27.1%, as assessed from the Asian cut-off point. Although the prevalence of obesity (2.0%) was low when compared with Indian non-tribal female populations, the prevalence of overweight (25.1%) was not far behind. Overweight and obesity were found to be associated with age, marital status, physical activity level, lifestyle and improvement in socioeconomic status, especially occupation and income. When compared with urban non-tribal Indian females, who have a higher socioeconomic status, the prevalence of overweight/obesity among Tangkhul females is lower, indicating its association with socioeconomic status. Tangkhul Naga is a population where the majority are believed to be thin traditionally owing to the difficult hilly terrain and their physically active lifestyle. With urbanization and economic development, nutritional transition, improved socioeconomic status and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle have been observed, which have contributed to the increasing prevalence of overweight/obesity among Tangkhul Naga women.

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