scholarly journals Microbiota of the alien species Paraleucilla magna (Porifera, Calcarea) from the Southwestern Atlantic, and a comparison with that of other calcareous sponges

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maira Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Beatriz Mágna ◽  
Michelle Klautau ◽  
Eduardo Leal Esteves ◽  
Rodolpho M. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Microbial Abundance ◽  
Southwest Atlantic ◽  
Calcareous Sponges ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Ecological Importance

AbstractSponges (Porifera) co-evolved with microorganisms in a well-established symbiotic relationship. Based on this characteristic, sponges can be separated into high microbial abundance (HMA) and low microbial abundance (LMA) species. Paraleucilla magna (Calcarea, Porifera) is an alien species of ecological importance in the Brazilian coastline. Little is known about the composition of its microbiota and that of other calcareous species, especially those inhabiting the Southwest Atlantic. Here, we describe the microbiota of P. magna and compare it to that of other calcareous sponge species for which such data exist. P. magna’s microbiota shows a lower diversity than that of Clathrina clathrus, C. coriacea, Leucosolenia sp., Leuconia sp. and Leucetta antarctica. P. magna microbiota is dominated by two bacterial OTUs of the Alphaproteobacteria class, that could not be classified beyond class (OTU001) and family levels (OTU002; Rhodospirillaceae). The Thaumarcheota was the predominant archaeal phylum in P. magna, with OTUs mainly affiliated to the genus candidatus Nitrosopumilus. The comparison with other calcareous species showed that microbiota composition correlated well with sponge phylogenetic affiliation. Metabolic prediction with PICRUSt software of P. magna bacterial microbiota indicated that membrane transport and carbohydrate, amino acid and energy metabolisms were most abundant while, for the archaeal domain, pathways related to translation, and energy metabolisms were predominant. Predicted metabolic features were compared between the different sponge species and seawater samples, showing that pathways related to cell motility, membrane transport, genetic information processing, xenobiotics metabolism and signal transduction are higher in the former while amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, translation, replication and repair, folding, sorting and degradation and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism are abundant in the latter. This study shows that P. magna’s microbiota is typical of an LMA sponge and that it differs from the microbiota of other calcareous sponges both in its composition and in predicted metabolic pathways.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of L-Theanine on IPEC-J2 Cells Growth Inhibition Induced by Dextran Sulfate Sodium Via p53 Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (22) ◽  
pp. 7002
Author(s):  
Longlin Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Ma ◽  
Zhengyi Li ◽  
Haihan Zhang ◽  
Xi He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
P53 Signaling ◽  
P53 Signaling Pathway

L-theanine is a nonprotein amino acid found in tea leaves and has been widely used as a safe food additive in beverages or foods because of its varied bioactivities. The aim of this study was to reveal the in vitro gastrointestinal protective effects of L-theanine in DSS-induced intestinal porcine enterocyte (IPEC-J2) cell models using molecular and metabolic methods. Results showed that 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) treatment inhibited the cell proliferation of IPEC-J2 and blocked the normal operation of the cell cycle, while L-theanine pretreatment significantly preserved these trends to exert protective effects. L-theanine pre-treatment also up-regulated the EGF, CDC2, FGF2, Rb genes and down-regulated p53, p21 proliferation-related mRNA expression in DSS-treated cells, in accompany with p53 signaling pathway inhibition. Meanwhile, metabolomics analysis revealed that L-theanine and DSS treated IPEC-J2 cells have different metabolomic profiles, with significant changes in the key metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which play an important role in nucleotide metabolism. In summary, L-theanine has a beneficial protection in DSS-induced IPEC-J2 cells via promoting proliferation and regulating metabolism disorders.

scholarly journals Integration of computational modeling with membrane transport studies reveals new insights into amino acid exchange transport mechanisms

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 2583-2594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Widdows ◽  
Nuttanont Panitchob ◽  
Ian P. Crocker ◽  
Colin P. Please ◽  
Mark A. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Computational Modeling ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Amino Acid Exchange ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Acid Exchange

Role of membrane transport in interorgan amino acid flow between muscle and small intestine

Metabolism ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 719-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Biolo ◽  
Xiao-Jun Zhang ◽  
Robert R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Membrane Transport

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification of Acinetobacter baumannii Genes Necessary for Persistence in the Lung

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nengding Wang ◽  
Egon A. Ozer ◽  
Mark J. Mandel ◽  
Alan R. Hauser
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Integration Host Factor ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Massively Parallel ◽  
Rich Medium ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTAcinetobacter baumanniiis a Gram-negative bacterium that causes diseases such as pneumonia, bacteremia, and soft tissue infections in hospitalized patients. Relatively little is known about howA. baumanniicauses these infections. Thus, we used insertion sequencing (INSeq), a combination of transposon mutagenesis and massively parallel next-generation sequencing, to identify novel virulence factors ofA. baumannii. To this end, we generated a random transposon mutant library containing 150,000 unique insertions inA. baumanniistrain ATCC 17978. The INSeq analysis identified 453 genes required for growth in rich medium. The library was then used in a murine pneumonia model, and the relative levels of abundance of mutants before and after selection in the mouse were compared. When genes required for growth in rich medium were removed from the analysis, 157 genes were identified as necessary for persistence in the mouse lung. Several of these encode known virulence factors ofA. baumannii, such as OmpA and ZnuB, which validated our approach. A large number of the genes identified were predicted to be involved in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism and transport. Other genes were predicted to encode an integration host factor, a transmembrane lipoprotein, and proteins involved in stress response and efflux pumps. Very few genes, when disrupted, resulted in an increase inA. baumanniinumbers during host infection. The INSeq approach identified a number of novel virulence determinants ofA. baumannii, which are candidate targets for therapeutic interventions.IMPORTANCEA. baumanniihas emerged as a frequent cause of serious infections in hospitals and community settings. Due to increasing antibiotic resistance, alternative approaches, such as antivirulence strategies, are desperately needed to fightA. baumanniiinfections. Thorough knowledge ofA. baumanniipathogenicity is essential for such approaches but is currently lacking. With the increasingly widespread use of massively parallel sequencing, a class of techniques known as transposon insertion sequencing has been developed to perform comprehensive virulence screens of bacterial genomesin vivo. We have applied one of these approaches (INSeq) to uncover novel virulence factors inA. baumannii. We identified several such factors, including those predicted to encode amino acid and nucleotide metabolism proteins, an integration host factor protein, stress response factors, and efflux pumps. These results greatly expand the number ofA. baumanniivirulence factors and uncover potential targets for antivirulence treatments.

scholarly journals Host Specificity for Bacterial, Archaeal and Fungal Communities Determined for High- and Low-Microbial Abundance Sponge Species in Two Genera

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Chaib De Mares ◽  
Detmer Sipkema ◽  
Sixing Huang ◽  
Boyke Bunk ◽  
Jörg Overmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Specificity ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Sponge Species ◽  
Microbial Abundance

Molecular dissection of membrane-transport proteins: mass spectrometry and sequence determination of the galactose–H+ symport protein, GalP, of Escherichia coli and quantitative assay of the incorporation of [ring-2-13C]histidine and 15NH3

2002 ◽  
Vol 363 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrietta VENTER ◽  
Alison E. ASHCROFT ◽  
Jeffrey N. KEEN ◽  
Peter J.F. HENDERSON ◽  
Richard B. HERBERT
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
Membrane Transport ◽  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Tandem Ms ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Membrane Transport Proteins ◽  
Ms Analysis

The molecular mass of the galactose—H+ symport protein GalP, as its histidine-tagged derivative GalP(His)6, has been determined by electrospray MS (ESI-MS) with an error of <0.02%. One methionine residue, predicted to be present from the DNA sequence, was deduced to be absent. This is a significant advance on the estimation of the molecular masses of membrane-transport proteins by SDS/PAGE, where there is a consistent under-estimation of the true molecular mass due to anomalous electrophoretic migration. Addition of a size-exclusion chromatography step after Ni2+-nitrilotriacetate affinity purification was essential to obtain GalP(His)6 suitable for ESI-MS. Controlled trypsin, trypsin+chymotrypsin and CNBr digestion of the protein yielded peptide fragments suitable for ESI-MS and tandem MS analysis, and accurate mass determination of the derived fragments resulted in identification of 82% of the GalP(His)6 protein. Tandem MS analysis of selected peptides then afforded 49% of the actual amino acid sequence of the protein; the absence of the N-terminal methionine was confirmed. Matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization MS allowed identification of one peptide that was not detected by ESI-MS. All the protein/peptide mass and sequence determinations were in accord with the predictions of amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA sequence of the galP gene. [ring-2-13C]Histidine was incorporated into GalP(His)6in vivo, and ESI-MS analysis enabled the measurement of a high (80%) and specific incorporation of label into the histidine residues in the protein. MS could also be used to confirm the labelling of the protein by 15NH3 (93% enrichment) and [19F]tryptophan (83% enrichment). Such MS measurements will serve in the future analysis of the structures of membrane-transport proteins by NMR, and of their topology by indirect techniques.

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