scholarly journals Improved control of Septoria tritici blotch in durum wheat using cultivar mixtures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ben M’Barek ◽  
P. Karisto ◽  
W. Abdedayem ◽  
M. Laribi ◽  
M. Fakhfakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Resistant Cultivar ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures

AbstractMixtures of cultivars with contrasting levels of resistance can suppress infectious diseases in wheat, as demonstrated in numerous field experiments. Most studies focused on airborne pathogens in bread wheat, while splash-dispersed pathogens have received less attention, and no studies have been conducted in durum wheat. We conducted a two-year field experiment in Tunisia, to evaluate the performance of cultivar mixtures with varying proportions of resistance (0–100%) in controlling the polycyclic, splash-dispersed disease Septoria tritici blotch (STB) in durum wheat. To measure STB severity, we used a high-throughput method based on digital image analysis of 3074 infected leaves collected from 42 and 40 experimental plots during the first and second years, respectively. This allowed us to quantify pathogen reproduction on wheat leaves and to acquire a large dataset that exceeds previous studies with respect to accuracy and precision. Our analyses show that introducing only 25% of a disease-resistant cultivar into a pure stand of a susceptible cultivar provides a substantial reduction of almost 50% in disease severity compared to the susceptible pure stand. However, comprising the resistant component of two cultivars instead of one did not further improve disease control, contrary to predictions of epidemiological theory. Susceptible cultivars can be agronomically superior to resistant cultivars or be better accepted by growers for other reasons. Hence, if mixtures with only a moderate proportion of the resistant cultivar provide a similar degree of disease control as resistant pure stands, as our analysis indicates, such mixtures are more likely to be accepted by growers.

scholarly journals Control of Septoria tritici blotch by winter wheat cultivar mixtures: Meta-analysis of 19 years of cultivar trials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Kristoffersen ◽  
Lise Nistrup Jørgensen ◽  
Lars Bonde Eriksen ◽  
Ghita Cordsen Nielsen ◽  
Lars Pødenphant Kiær
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures ◽  
Better Than

AbstractWheat is the most commonly grown cereal crop in Europe and in major parts the most yield limiting disease is Septoria tritici blotch (STB). Currently, the control of the disease depends on cultivar resistance and significant input of fungicides. The impact of using mixtures of elite cultivars as an alternative was investigated through a meta-analysis based on trial data from the Danish national cultivar testing. The cultivar testing includes a four-way cultivar mixture every year and in these trials STB severity and yield have been monitored at multiple locations between 1995 and 2017. Results from 19 years of cultivar testing trials provided a data set for 406 trials from which the effect of mixtures was evaluated. The meta-analysis revealed that cultivar mixtures reduced STB severity with 10.6% and increased yields with 1.4% across all trials. The effects were greatest in untreated trials where STB severity was reduced with 17% and yields increased with 2.4%. The mixtures did not only perform better than the average of their component cultivars grown as pure stand, they also performed better than the average of the four most grown cultivars in a given year. No relationship was found between disease pressure or location and the performance of the mixtures. The mixtures included in the cultivar testing were not designed to control STB and the results are therefore perceived as a baseline to the attainable disease control from mixtures. The use of cultivar mixtures is relevant for low input farming systems, but can also contribute to disease control in intensive farming systems. Cultivar mixtures have the potential to minimise dependency on fungicides as an important element in integrated pest management.

scholarly journals Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defence Against the Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIA Scala ◽  
Chiara Pietricola ◽  
valentina farina ◽  
marzia beccaccioli ◽  
slaven zjalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽  
Leaf Blotch ◽  
Wheat Field

The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce global yearly yield of wheat by up to 50%. In the last decade in Italy, SLBC incidence has increased; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health, and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g. mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 KDa -heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spraying of Tramesan (3.3 µM) in SLBC-susceptible varieties of durum significantly diminished symptoms of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB) by 75% and 65%, respectively. Tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We show that Tramesan elicits wheat defence against SNB and STB augmenting the synthesis of defence-related hormones, notably JA and SA, that in turn switch on the expression of markers of defence (PR1, PR4 inter alia). In field experiments, yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of untreated ones. The results suggest the use of Tramesan for protecting durum wheat against SLBC.

scholarly journals Improved control of septoria tritici blotch in durum wheat using cultivar mixtures

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 1655-1665
Author(s):  
Sarrah Ben M'Barek ◽  
Petteri Karisto ◽  
Wided Abdedayem ◽  
Marwa Laribi ◽  
Moez Fakhfakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures

scholarly journals Tramesan Elicits Durum Wheat Defense against the Septoria Disease Complex

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Scala ◽  
Chiara Pietricola ◽  
Valentina Farina ◽  
Marzia Beccaccioli ◽  
Slaven Zjalic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Defense ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Zymoseptoria Tritici ◽  
Controlled Conditions

The Septoria Leaf Blotch Complex (SLBC), caused by the two ascomycetes Zymoseptoria tritici and Parastagonospora nodorum, can reduce wheat global yearly yield by up to 50%. In the last decade, SLBC incidence has increased in Italy; notably, durum wheat has proven to be more susceptible than common wheat. Field fungicide treatment can efficiently control these pathogens, but it leads to the emergence of resistant strains and adversely affects human and animal health and the environment. Our previous studies indicated that active compounds produced by Trametes versicolor can restrict the growth of mycotoxigenic fungi and the biosynthesis of their secondary metabolites (e.g., mycotoxins). Specifically, we identified Tramesan: a 23 kDa α-heteropolysaccharide secreted by T. versicolor that acts as a pro-antioxidant molecule in animal cells, fungi, and plants. Foliar-spray of Tramesan (3.3 μM) on SLBC-susceptible durum wheat cultivars, before inoculation of causal agents of Stagonospora Nodorum Blotch (SNB) and Septoria Tritici Blotch (STB), significantly decreased disease incidence both in controlled conditions (SNB: −99%, STB: −75%) and field assays (SNB: −25%, STB: −30%). We conducted these tests were conducted under controlled conditions as well as in field. We showed that Tramesan increased the levels of jasmonic acid (JA), a plant defense-related hormone. Tramesan also increased the early expression (24 hours after inoculation—hai) of plant defense genes such as PR4 for SNB infected plants, and RBOH, PR1, and PR9 for STB infected plants. These results suggest that Tramesan protects wheat by eliciting plant defenses, since it has no direct fungicidal activity. In field experiments, the yield of durum wheat plants treated with Tramesan was similar to that of healthy untreated plots. These results encourage the use of Tramesan to protect durum wheat against SLBC.

scholarly journals Quantitative inheritance of resistance to Septoria tritici blotch in durum wheat in Tunisia

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Berraies ◽  
Karim Ammar ◽  
Mohamed Salah Gharbi ◽  
Amor Yahyaoui ◽  
Salah Rezgui
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Quantitative Inheritance

scholarly journals Latent periods of septoria tritici blotch on ten cultivars of wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L.H. Viljanen-Rollinson ◽  
M.V. Marroni ◽  
R.C. Butler ◽  
Y. Deng ◽  
T. Armour
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Disease Models ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Flag Leaves

A field trial was carried out to determine the length of latent periods of Septoria tritici blotch on 10 cultivars of wheat After artificial inoculation of the flag leaves of all cultivars on a single date lesions of S tritici showing pycnidia were produced over intervals of 21 to 37 days (273 to 459C days) after inoculation Latent periods varied between the cultivars tested with cv Domino having the shortest and cv Regency the longest latent periods The period of symptom expression for the different cultivars varied from 0 to 11 days (0 to 122C days) with a mean of 50 (544C days) This research provides information that can be used to develop disease models and forecast systems to assist growers with disease control decisions

scholarly journals Biocontrol strategies to reduce the impact of Septoria tritici blotch in wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 060
Author(s):  
Cristina Cordo ◽  
Rodrigo Altamirano ◽  
María Rosa Simón ◽  
Marina Stocco ◽  
Gladys Lampugnani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Coated Seed

Trichoderma strains are used as biofungicides for some plant diseases. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum isolates, applied alone and in combination with fungicides, to control Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal agent of Septoria tritici blotch of wheat, and their impact on wheat yield and its components. To this end, field experiments were performed in 2010 and 2011 and 10 different treatments were applied. The disease severity was assessed by visual estimation of the leaf area affected by Z. tritici at the first node, anthesis and early dough growth stages. The best results for reducing the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were “coated seed only with T. harzianum” and “coated seed plus two foliar application of T. harzianum”. Regarding the increase in yield gain and the improvement of yield components, the fungicide treatment applied at seedling, and tillering in 2011 provided significant increase. Respect the treatments with the application of T. harzianum the best was only one application as coated seed of the biocontroler alone showing yield responses similar to the ones obtained with the fungicide treatments. We recommended the coated seed alone because the protective effect lasts until the early dough stage of ripening. This application produced a comparable yield to that obtained with three applications of T. harzianum at different phenological stages of wheat with as well as with more than one application of commercial fungicide. We found a strong relationship between the number of kernels per spike and the wheat yield in 2011 as a consequence of the best environmental conditions for the disease’s occurrence. Contrary, it was shown a non-significant association between thousand kernel weight (TKW) and the wheat yield.

Management of septoria tritici blotch using cultivar mixtures

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Kristoffersen ◽  
Lars Bonde Eriksen ◽  
Ghita Cordsen Nielsen ◽  
Johannes Ravn Jørgensen ◽  
Lise Nistrup Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Disease Pressure ◽  
Cultivar Mixture ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures ◽  
Ipm Strategy

Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is among the most devastating diseases in European wheat production. In recent years, there has been increased interest in using cultivar mixtures as part of an integrated control strategy against diseases. This study investigated different cultivar mixtures for their ability to control STB across three years and at seven trial sites in Denmark with a range of fungicide strategies, yielding a total of 194 individual cultivar mixture combinations. The mixtures were composed of two, three or four cultivars which were either similar or contrasting in their susceptibility to STB. Across all trials, the cultivar mixtures reduced disease severity significantly, by 14% compared to the component cultivars grown in monoculture. The reductions were larger when the disease pressure was high and when the mixtures included more cultivars. Mixtures composed of four cultivars reduced disease severity significantly, by 24%. Across all trials, cultivar mixtures significantly increased yield by 2% compared to the component cultivars grown in monoculture. The yield increase was significant for plots treated with one or two fungicide applications, and cultivar mixtures increased yield significantly, by 4.4% in untreated plots. The yield increase was smaller for mixtures with a high proportion of resistant cultivars. Based on the results from this study, cultivar mixtures can contribute positively to an IPM strategy, by reducing disease severity for STB and increasing yield. The most pronounced benefits from cultivar mixtures were found in fields with moderate to low fungicide input, under conditions with high disease pressure, when combining four cultivars with varying susceptibilities.

scholarly journals Effects of Wheat Cultivar Mixtures on Epidemic Progression of Septoria Tritici Blotch and Pathogenicity of Mycosphaerella graminicola

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cowger ◽  
Christopher C. Mundt
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Mycosphaerella Graminicola ◽  
Septoria Tritici Blotch ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Disease Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
Moderately Resistant

The effects of host genotype mixtures on disease progression and pathogen evolution are not well understood in pathosystems that vary quantitatively for resistance and pathogenicity. We used four mixtures of moderately resistant and susceptible winter wheat cultivars naturally inoculated with Mycosphaerella graminicola to investigate impacts on disease progression in the field, and effects on pathogenicity as assayed by testing isolate populations sampled from the field on greenhousegrown seedlings. Over 3 years, there was a correspondence between the mixtures' disease response and the pathogenicity of isolates sampled from them. In 1998, with a severe epidemic, mixtures were 9.4% less diseased than were their component pure stands (P = 0.0045), and pathogen populations from mixtures caused 27% less disease (P = 0.085) in greenhouse assays than did populations from component pure stands. In 1999, the epidemic was mild, mixtures did not reduce disease severity (P = 0.39), and pathogen populations from mixtures and pure stands did not differ in pathogenicity (P = 0.42). In 2000, epidemic intensity was intermediate, mixture plots were 15.2% more diseased than the mean of component pure stands (P = 0.053), and populations from two of four mixtures were 152 and 156% more pathogenic than the mean of populations from component pure stands (P = 0.043 and 0.059, respectively). Mixture yields were on average 2.4 and 6.2% higher than mean component pure-stand yields in 1999 and 2000, respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The ability of mixtures challenged with M. graminicola to suppress disease appears to be inconsistent. In this system, host genotype mixtures evidently do not consistently confer either fitness benefits or liabilities on pathogen populations.

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