scholarly journals An acute session of motor imagery training induces use-dependent plasticity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Ruffino ◽  
Jérémie Gaveau ◽  
Charalambos Papaxanthis ◽  
Florent Lebon
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

AbstractMotor imagery, defined as the mental representation of an action without movement-related sensory inputs, is a well-known intervention to improve motor performance. In the current study, we tested whether use-dependent plasticity, a mechanism underlying motor learning, could be induced by an acute session of motor imagery. By means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left primary motor cortex, we evoked isolated thumb movements in the right hand and assessed corticospinal excitability in the flexor and extensor pollicis brevis muscles. We measured the mean TMS-induced movement direction before and after an acute session of motor imagery practice. In a first experiment, participants of the imagery group were instructed to repeatedly imagine their thumb moving in a direction deviated by 90° from the pre-test movement. This group, but not the control group, deviated the post-training TMS-induced movements toward the training target direction (+44° ±62° and −1° ±23°, respectively). Interestingly, the deviation magnitude was driven by the corticospinal excitability increase in the agonist muscle. In a second experiment, we found that post-training TMS-induced movements were proportionally deviated toward the trained direction and returned to baseline 30 minutes after the motor imagery training. These findings suggest that motor imagery induces use-dependent plasticity and, this neural process is accompanied by corticospinal excitability increase in the agonist muscle.

scholarly journals An acute session of motor imagery training induces use-dependent plasticity

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Célia Ruffino ◽  
Jérémie Gaveau ◽  
Charalambos Papaxanthis ◽  
Florent Lebon
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Plasticity ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Imagery Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right

AbstractMotor imagery, defined as the mental representation of an action without movement-related sensory inputs, is a well-known intervention to improve motor performance. In the current study, we tested whether use-dependent plasticity, a mechanism underlying motor learning, could be induced by an acute session of motor imagery. By means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the left primary motor cortex, we evoked isolated thumb movements in the right hand and assessed corticospinal excitability in the flexor and extensor pollicis brevis muscles. We measured the mean TMS-induced movement direction before and after an acute session of motor imagery practice. In a first experiment, participants of the imagery group were instructed to repeatedly imagine their thumb moving in a direction deviated by 90° from the pre-test movement. This group, but not the control group, deviated the post-training TMS-induced movements toward the training target direction (+44° ± 62° and −1° ± 23°, respectively). Interestingly, the deviation magnitude was driven by the corticospinal excitability increase in the agonist muscle. In a second experiment, we found that post-training TMS-induced movements were proportionally deviated toward the trained direction and returned to baseline 30 minutes after the motor imagery training. These findings suggest that motor imagery induces use-dependent plasticity and, this neural process is accompanied by corticospinal excitability increase in the agonist muscle.

scholarly journals Differences between motor execution and motor imagery of grasping movements in the motor cortical excitatory circuit

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Jiang Meng ◽  
Yan-Ling Pi ◽  
Ke Liu ◽  
Na Cao ◽  
Yan-Qiu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Motor Execution ◽  
Human Motor Cortex ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
The Right

Background Both motor imagery (MI) and motor execution (ME) can facilitate motor cortical excitability. Although cortical excitability is modulated by intracortical inhibitory and excitatory circuits in the human primary motor cortex, it is not clear which intracortical circuits determine the differences in corticospinal excitability between ME and MI. Methods We recruited 10 young healthy subjects aged 18−28 years (mean age: 22.1 ± 3.14 years; five women and five men) for this study. The experiment consisted of two sets of tasks involving grasp actions of the right hand: imagining and executing them. Corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) were measured before the interventional protocol using transcranial magnetic stimulation (baseline), as well as at 0, 20, and 40 min (T0, T20, and T40) thereafter. Results Facilitation of corticospinal excitability was significantly greater after ME than after MI in the right abductor pollicis brevis (APB) at T0 and T20 (p < 0.01 for T0, and p < 0.05 for T20), but not in the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. On the other hand, no significant differences in SICI between ME and MI were found in the APB and FDI muscles. The facilitation of corticospinal excitability at T20 after MI correlated with the Movement Imagery Questionnaire (MIQ) scores for kinesthetic items (Rho = −0.646, p = 0.044) but did not correlate with the MIQ scores for visual items (Rho = −0.265, p = 0.458). Discussion The present results revealed significant differences between ME and MI on intracortical excitatory circuits of the human motor cortex, suggesting that cortical excitability differences between ME and MI may be attributed to the activation differences of the excitatory circuits in the primary motor cortex.

scholarly journals Optimal Combination of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulations and Motor Imagery Interventions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elodie Saruco ◽  
Franck Di Rienzo ◽  
Susana Nunez-Nagy ◽  
Miguel A. Rubio-Gonzalez ◽  
Ursula Debarnot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Homeostatic Plasticity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Before And After

Motor imagery contributes to enhance the (re)learning of motor skills through remapping of cortical networks. Combining motor imagery with anodal transcranial direct-current stimulation (a-tDCS) over the primary motor cortex has further been shown to promote its beneficial effects on postural control. Whether motor imagery should be performed concomitantly to a-tDCS (over depolarized membrane) or consecutively (over changing neurotransmitters activity) remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we measured the performance in a postural control task before and after three experimental conditions. Participants received a-tDCS before (tDCSBefore), during (tDCSDuring), or both before and during motor imagery training (tDCSBefore + During). Performance was improved after tDCSDuring, but not after both the tDCSBefore and tDCSBefore + During conditions. These results support that homeostatic plasticity is likely to operate following a-tDCS through decreasing cortical excitability and that motor imagery should be performed during anodal stimulation for optimum gains.

scholarly journals The Neural Specificity of Movement Preparation During Actual and Imagined Movements

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 689-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Lebon ◽  
Célia Ruffino ◽  
Ian Greenhouse ◽  
Ludovica Labruna ◽  
Richard B Ivry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Corticospinal Excitability ◽  
Delayed Response ◽  
Movement Preparation ◽  
Actual Movement ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Dorsal Interosseous Muscle ◽  
Response Task ◽  
The Right ◽  
Imagined Movement

Abstract Current theories consider motor imagery, the mental representation of action, to have considerable functional overlap with the processes involved in actual movement preparation and execution. To test the neural specificity of motor imagery, we conducted a series of 3 experiments using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We compared changes in corticospinal excitability as people prepared and implemented actual or imagined movements, using a delayed response task in which a cue indicated the forthcoming response. TMS pulses, used to elicit motor-evoked responses in the first dorsal interosseous muscle of the right hand, were applied before and after an imperative signal, allowing us to probe the state of excitability during movement preparation and implementation. Similar to previous work, excitability increased in the agonist muscle during the implementation of an actual or imagined movement. Interestingly, preparing an imagined movement engaged similar inhibitory processes as that observed during actual movement, although the degree of inhibition was less selective in the imagery conditions. These changes in corticospinal excitability were specific to actual/imagined movement preparation, as no modulation was observed when preparing and generating images of cued visual objects. Taken together, inhibition is a signature of how actions are prepared, whether they are imagined or actually executed.

scholarly journals PETTLEP imagery and tennis service performance: an applied investigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafih Cherappurath ◽  
Masilamani Elayaraja ◽  
Dilshith A. Kabeer ◽  
Amila Anjum ◽  
Paris Vogazianos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Service Performance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Junior Tennis

AbstractTennis is one of the most popular and widely played sports enjoyed by players of different age groups and genders as a profession as well as a mode of recreation. A novel method, PETTLEP imagery combines both conventional and non-conventional style of training of an athlete and improves one’s performance. This study aimed to analyze the tennis service performance of junior tennis players based on PETTLEP imagery training. Forty-four junior male tennis players (Mage=13.22 years, SD=0.42) were selected for the study. The investigator handed over the MIQ-R questionnaire to all the participants in which they scored 16 and above points as per previous research. The participants were equally divided (n=11) into three experimental groups (E1, E2, and E3) and a control group. The service performance outcomes of all the players were compared before and after a training session. The three experimental groups were assigned with service-specific training, service-specific training combined with PETTLEP imagery training, and PETTLEP imagery training alone, respectively, for three days per week for 12 weeks. They were tested on their service accuracy based on the International tennis number (ITN) manual on-court assessment test. The data were assessed for normality and analyzed using non-parametric methods to reveal main effects (each training method alone) as well as to calculate the combined effect of PETTLEP and service-specific training. Certain significant improvements in tennis service were observed with service-specific training alone. Though it marginally outperformed the PETTLEP imagery method, the most improved services were observed with both PETTLEP and service-specific training utilized together. This implies an additive effect when both methods are used together.

scholarly journals Effect of dental wear, stabilization appliance and anterior tooth reconstruction on mandibular movements during speech

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Oliveira Serrano ◽  
Fernanda Faot ◽  
Altair Antoninha Del Bel Cury ◽  
Renata Cunha Matheus Rodrigues Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Wear ◽  
Anterior Tooth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dental Wear ◽  
Jaw Opening ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Right ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Mandibular Movements

This study described changes in mandibular movements during pronunciation of /m/ and /s/ sounds in Portuguese, in patients presenting dental wear before and after appliance insertion and tooth reconstruction. Subjects were divided into a control group of dentate patients and an experimental group of patients with incisal tooth wear due to bruxism. A magnetic jaw tracking device measured the jaw opening, and translations to left and right sides of the mandible during pronunciation of phonemes. Evaluations were carried out 1 week and immediately before appliance insertion; 24 h, 7, 30 and 60 days after appliance insertion; and 1 week and 1 month after tooth reconstruction. Data were submitted to two-way ANOVA, Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests (p<0.05). Jaw opening was different (p<0.05) for both sounds in all periods. The anteroposterior amplitude for /s/ showed differences immediately before and 1 month after appliance insertion (p<0.05). Lateral amplitude for the right side showed differences between groups after appliance insertion for /s/, and 1 and 2 months after appliance insertion for the /m/ (p<0.05). Volunteers with anterior tooth wear had a wider opening movement, and the movements during speech of /m/ and /s/ sounds were not changed after appliance insertion and reconstruction of teeth.

scholarly journals Stand Up to Excite the Spine: Neuromuscular, Autonomic, and Cardiometabolic Responses During Motor Imagery in Standing vs. Sitting Posture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Grosprêtre ◽  
Uros Marusic ◽  
Philippe Gimenez ◽  
Gael Ennequin ◽  
Laurent Mourot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Motor Command ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Body Sway ◽  
Sitting Posture ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spinal Excitability

Motor imagery (MI) for health and performance strategies has gained interest in recent decades. Nevertheless, there are still no studies that have comprehensively investigated the physiological responses during MI, and no one questions the influence of low-level contraction on these responses. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the neuromuscular, autonomic nervous system (ANS), and cardiometabolic changes associated with an acute bout of MI practice in sitting and standing condition. Twelve young healthy males (26.3 ± 4.4 years) participated in two experimental sessions (control vs. MI) consisting of two postural conditions (sitting vs. standing). ANS, hemodynamic and respiratory parameters, body sway parameters, and electromyography activity were continuously recorded, while neuromuscular parameters were recorded on the right triceps surae muscles before and after performing the postural conditions. While MI showed no effect on ANS, the standing posture increased the indices of sympathetic system activity and decreased those of the parasympathetic system (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, MI during standing induced greater spinal excitability compared to sitting posture (p &lt; 0.05), which was accompanied with greater oxygen consumption, energy expenditure, ventilation, and lower cardiac output (p &lt; 0.05). Asking individuals to perform MI of an isometric contraction while standing allows them to mentally focus on the motor command, not challenge balance, and produce specific cardiometabolic responses. Therefore, these results provide further evidence of posture and MI-related modulation of spinal excitability with additional autonomic and cardiometabolic responses in healthy young men.

scholarly journals Effects of motor imagery training of gait in Parkinson´s disease: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaíra Almeida Pereira da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Lorenna Santiago ◽  
Aline Alves De Souza ◽  
Camila De Lima Pegado ◽  
Tatiana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity

Abstract Background: Gait disorders in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) may be associated with alterations in the motor control system and aggravated by psychoemotional and cognitive issues. Therapeutic strategies aimed at self-perception and motor regulation seem to be promising. Motor imagery (MI) has been shown to be one of these strategies, but there is still no clear evidence of its applicability in this population. The aim of this trial is to determine the effects of motor imagery training on the gait and electroencephalographic activity of individuals with PD. Methods: The sample consisted of 40 individuals, aged between 45 and 75 years, in the mild and moderate phase of the disease, with the ability to generate voluntary mental images. They will be assessed for cognitive level, degree of physical disability, mental image clarity, kinematic gait variables, electroencephalographic activity and mobility. Next, subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The EG will perform motor imagery and gait, while the CG will only engage in gait exercises. Twelve training sessions will be conducted lasting up to 90 minutes each, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. They will be reassessed on the kinematic variables of gait, electroencephalographic activity and mobility, one, seven and thirty days after the final training session. Discussion: The results may provide an important advance in neurological rehabilitation. An easy-access and low-cost intervention may help improve gait, electroencephalographic activity and mobility in individuals with PD. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03439800. Registered 15 November 2017. Keywords: Parkinson’s disease; Rehabilitation; Cerebral activation; Neurological gait disorders.

scholarly journals Effects of motor imagery training of gait in Parkinson´s disease: a protocol for a randomized clinical trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaíra Almeida Pereira da Silva Nascimento ◽  
Lorenna Santiago ◽  
Aline Alves De Souza ◽  
Camila De Lima Pegado ◽  
Tatiana Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mental Image ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Motor Control System ◽  
And Control ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity

Abstract Background Gait disorders in individuals with Parkinson’s Disease (PD) may be associated with alterations in the motor control system and aggravated by psychoemotional and cognitive issues. Therapeutic strategies aimed at self-perception and motor regulation seem to be promising. Motor imagery (MI) has been shown to be one of these strategies, but there is still no clear evidence of its applicability in this population. The aim of this trial is to determine the effects of motor imagery training on the gait and electroencephalographic activity of individuals with PD. Methods/Design The sample consisted of 40 individuals, aged between 45 and 75 years, in the mild and moderate phase of the disease, with the ability to generate voluntary mental images. They will be assessed for cognitive level, degree of physical disability, mental image clarity, kinematic gait variables, electroencephalographic activity and mobility. Next, subjects will be randomly assigned to an experimental (EG) and control group (CG). The EG will perform motor imagery and gait, while the CG will only engage in gait exercises. Twelve training sessions will be conducted lasting up to 90 minutes each, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. They will be reassessed on the kinematic variables of gait, electroencephalographic activity and mobility, one, seven and thirty days after the final training session. Discussion The results may provide an important advance in neurological rehabilitation. An easy-access and low-cost intervention may help improve gait, electroencephalographic activity and mobility in individuals with PD.

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