scholarly journals Spontaneous Traveling Cortical Waves Gate Perception in Awake Behaving Primates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary W. Davis ◽  
Lyle Muller ◽  
Julio-Martinez Trujillo ◽  
Terrence Sejnowski ◽  
John H. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Perceptual Sensitivity ◽  
Cortical Function ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Cortical Waves

AbstractPerceptual sensitivity varies from moment to moment. One potential source of variability is spontaneous fluctuations in cortical activity that can travel as a wave. Spontaneous traveling waves have been reported during anesthesia, but questioned as to whether they are relevant to waking cortical function. Using newly developed analytic techniques, we find spontaneous waves of activity in extrastriate visual cortex of awake marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). In monkeys trained to detect faint visual targets, the timing and position of spontaneous traveling waves, prior to target onset, predict the magnitude of evoked activity and the likelihood of detection. In contrast, spatially disorganized fluctuations of neural activity are much less predictive. These results reveal an important role for spontaneous traveling waves in sensory processing through modulating neural and perceptual sensitivity.One Sentence SummaryFluctuations in cortical activity often travel as waves, shape incoming sensory information, and affect conscious perception.

scholarly journals Multiple mechanisms link prestimulus neural oscillations to sensory responses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Iemi ◽  
Niko A Busch ◽  
Annamaria Laudini ◽  
Saskia Haegens ◽  
Jason Samaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Baseline Shift ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Aperiodic Signal

AbstractSpontaneous fluctuations of neural activity may explain why sensory responses vary across repeated presentations of the same physical stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we recorded electroencephalography in humans during stimulation with identical visual stimuli and analyzed how prestimulus neural oscillations modulate different stages of sensory processing reflected by distinct components of the event-related potential (ERP). We found that strong prestimulus alpha- and beta-band power resulted in a suppression of early ERP components (C1 and N150) and in an amplification of late components (after 0.4 s), even after controlling for fluctuations in 1/f aperiodic signal and sleepiness. Whereas functional inhibition of sensory processing underlies the reduction of early ERP responses, we found that the modulation of non-zero-mean oscillations (baseline shift) accounted for the amplification of late responses. Distinguishing between these two mechanisms is crucial for understanding how internal brain states modulate the processing of incoming sensory information.

scholarly journals Contribution of interneuron subtype-specific GABAergic signalling to emergent sensory processing in somatosensory whisker barrel cortex in mouse

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liad J. Baruchin ◽  
Michael M. Kohl ◽  
Simon J.B Butt
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Gabaergic Interneuron ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sensory Adaptation ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Sensory Evoked

AbstractMammalian neocortex is important for conscious processing of sensory information. Fundamental to this function is balanced glutamatergic and GABAergic signalling. Yet little is known about how this interaction arises in the developing forebrain despite increasing insight into early GABAergic interneuron (IN) circuits. To further study this, we assessed the contribution of specific INs to the development of sensory processing in the mouse whisker barrel cortex. Specifically we explored the role of INs in speed coding and sensory adaptation. In wild-type animals, both speed processing and adaptation were present as early as the layer 4 critical period of plasticity, and showed refinement over the period leading to active whisking onset. We then conditionally silenced action-potential-dependent GABA release in either somatostatin (SST) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) INs. These genetic manipulations influenced both spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity in an age and layer-dependent manner. Silencing SST+ INs reduced early spontaneous activity and abolished facilitation in sensory adaptation observed in control pups. In contrast, VIP+ IN silencing had an effect towards the onset of active whisking. Silencing either IN subtype had no effect on speed coding. Our results reveal how these IN subtypes differentially contribute to early sensory processing over the first few postnatal weeks.

scholarly journals Multiple mechanisms link prestimulus neural oscillations to sensory responses

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Iemi ◽  
Niko A Busch ◽  
Annamaria Laudini ◽  
Saskia Haegens ◽  
Jason Samaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Neural Oscillations ◽  
Beta Band ◽  
Baseline Shift ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations ◽  
Aperiodic Signal

Spontaneous fluctuations of neural activity may explain why sensory responses vary across repeated presentations of the same physical stimulus. To test this hypothesis, we recorded electroencephalography in humans during stimulation with identical visual stimuli and analyzed how prestimulus neural oscillations modulate different stages of sensory processing reflected by distinct components of the event-related potential (ERP). We found that strong prestimulus alpha- and beta-band power resulted in a suppression of early ERP components (C1 and N150) and in an amplification of late components (after 0.4 s), even after controlling for fluctuations in 1/f aperiodic signal and sleepiness. Whereas functional inhibition of sensory processing underlies the reduction of early ERP responses, we found that the modulation of non-zero-mean oscillations (baseline shift) accounted for the amplification of late responses. Distinguishing between these two mechanisms is crucial for understanding how internal brain states modulate the processing of incoming sensory information.

scholarly journals Synaptic propagation in neuronal networks with finite-support space dependent coupling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Erazo Toscano ◽  
Remus Osan
Keyword(s):  
Time Constant ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Traveling Wave ◽  
Neuronal Networks ◽  
Evolution Equations ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Space Constant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Brain

1AbstractTraveling waves of electrical activity are ubiquitous in biological neuronal networks. Traveling waves in the brain are associated with sensory processing, phase coding, and sleep. The neuron and network parameters that determine traveling waves’ evolution are synaptic space constant, synaptic conductance, membrane time constant, and synaptic decay time constant. We used an abstract neuron model to investigate the propagation characteristics of traveling wave activity. We formulated a set of evolution equations based on the network connectivity parameters. We numerically investigated the stability of the traveling wave propagation with a series of perturbations with biological relevance.

scholarly journals Sensory processing of children and students with autism spectrum disorder and typical development in relation to gender and age

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-201
Author(s):  
Ana Roknić ◽  
Sanja Vuković
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Educational Plan ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Sensory Profiles

Introduction. Sensory processing is a neurobiological process in which a person uses their senses, sends information to an appropriate reception and processing center, and responds to environmental stimulations. Previous research has shown that sensory processing difficulties are more common among people with autism spectrum disorder than among people of the typical population. Objectives. The aim of this paper was to determine the patterns of sensory processing in subjects of the typical population and subjects with autism spectrum disorder, as well as gender and age differences in sensory profiles in these groups of subjects. Methods. Using The Child Sensory Profile 2 as the measuring instrument, the characteristics of sensory processing were examined in 120 subjects of both genders, 60 subjects with autism spectrum disorder and 60 subjects of typical development, ages three to 13 years and 11 months. Results. The obtained results show that there are differences between the two groups of respondents and that these differences occur in all nine subscales of the instrument. It was found that subjects with autismspectrumdisorder hadmore difficulty in processing sensory information compared to subjects of the typical population, especially in the domain of tactile perception. The results also show that the quality of sensory information processing in both groups of respondents improved with age. In relation to the respondents' gender, the obtained differences were significant in the domain of the total score of the instrument, in favor of the boys, but this was not observed in the measurements on all subscales. Conclusion. In accordance with the above findings, when creating an individual educational plan, it is necessary to take into account all the specifics of sensory processing of children with autism spectrum disorder.

scholarly journals Auditory Cortical Activity after Intracortical Microstimulation and Its Role for Sensory Processing and Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (50) ◽  
pp. 15898-15909 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Deliano ◽  
H. Scheich ◽  
F. W. Ohl
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Cortical Activity ◽  
Intracortical Microstimulation

scholarly journals Higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion and ectomorphism: New biomarkers for human creativity in developing rural areas

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 159-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos V Rizzo-Sierra ◽  
Martha E Leon-S ◽  
Fidias E Leon-Sarmiento
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Neural Connectivity ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
Sensory Processing Sensitivity ◽  
New Biomarkers

ABSTRACTThe highly sensitive trait present in animals, has also been proposed as a human neurobiological trait. People having such trait can process larger amounts of sensory information than usual, making it an excellent attribute that allows to pick up subtle environmental details and cues. Furthermore, this trait correlates to some sort of giftedness such as higher perception, inventiveness, imagination and creativity. We present evidences that support the existance of key neural connectivity between the mentioned trait, higher sensory processing sensitivity, introversion, ectomorphism and creativity. The neurobiological and behavioral implications that these biomarkers have in people living in developing rural areas are discussed as well.

scholarly journals The anterior paired lateral neuron normalizes odour-evoked activity at the mushroom body calyx

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Prisco ◽  
Stephan Hubertus Deimel ◽  
Hanna Yeliseyeva ◽  
Andre Fiala ◽  
Gaia Tavosanis
Keyword(s):  
Mushroom Body ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Input Circuit ◽  
Projection Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Populations ◽  
Kenyon Cells ◽  
Presynaptic Boutons ◽  
Evoked Activity

To identify and memorize discrete but similar environmental inputs, the brain needs to distinguish between subtle differences of activity patterns in defined neuronal populations. The Kenyon cells of the Drosophila adult mushroom body (MB) respond sparsely to complex olfactory input, a property that is thought to support stimuli discrimination in the MB. To understand how this property emerges, we investigated the role of the inhibitory anterior paired lateral neuron (APL) in the input circuit of the MB, the calyx. Within the calyx, presynaptic boutons of projection neurons (PNs) form large synaptic microglomeruli (MGs) with dendrites of postsynaptic Kenyon cells (KCs). Combining EM data analysis and in vivo calcium imaging, we show that APL, via inhibitory and reciprocal synapses targeting both PN boutons and KC dendrites, normalizes odour-evoked representations in MGs of the calyx. APL response scales with the PN input strength and is regionalized around PN input distribution. Our data indicate that the formation of a sparse code by the Kenyon cells requires APL-driven normalization of their MG postsynaptic responses. This work provides experimental insights on how inhibition shapes sensory information representation in a higher brain centre, thereby supporting stimuli discrimination and allowing for efficient associative memory formation.

scholarly journals Spontaneous traveling waves naturally emerge from horizontal fiber time delays and travel through locally asynchronous-irregular states

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Davis ◽  
Gabriel Benigno ◽  
Charlee Fletterman ◽  
Theo Desbordes ◽  
Terrence Sejnowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traveling Waves ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Wave Regime ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Horizontal Fiber ◽  
Cortical Fibers ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

Abstract Sensory neuroscience has focused a great deal of its attention on characterizing the mean firing rate that is evoked by a stimulus, and while it has long been recognized that the firing rates of individual neurons fluctuate around the mean, these fluctuations are often treated as a form of internally generated noise1. There is, however, evidence that these “ongoing” fluctuations of activity in sensory cortex during normal, waking function shape neuronal excitability and responses to external input2,3. We have recently found that spontaneous fluctuations are organized into waves traveling at speeds consistent with the speed of action potentials traversing unmyelinated horizontal cortical fibers (0.1-0.6 m/s)4 across the cortical surface5. These waves systematically modulate excitability across the retinotopic map, strongly affecting perceptual sensitivity as measured in a visual detection task. The underlying mechanism for these waves, however, is unknown. Further, it is unclear whether waves are consistent with the low rate, highly irregular, and weakly correlated “asynchronous-irregular” dynamics observed in computational models6 and cortical recordings in vivo7. Here, we study a large-scale computational model of a cortical sheet, with connections ranging up to biological scales. Using an efficient custom simulation framework, we study networks with topographically-organized connectivity and distance-dependent axonal conduction delays from several thousand up to one million neurons. We find that spontaneous traveling waves are a general property of these networks and are consistent with the asynchronous-irregular regime. These waves are well matched to spontaneous waves recorded in the neocortex of awake monkeys. Further, individual neurons sparsely participate in waves, yielding a sparse-wave regime that offers a unique operating mode, where traveling waves coexist with locally asynchronous-irregular dynamics, without inducing deleterious neuronal correlations8.

scholarly journals Multi-sensory integration in the mouse cortical connectome using a network diffusion model

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal Shadi ◽  
Eva Dyer ◽  
Constantine Dovrolis
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Model ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Evoked Activity ◽  
Communication Dynamics ◽  
Activation Cascade ◽  
Alt Model ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Network Diffusion

AbstractHaving a structural network representation of connectivity in the brain is instrumental in analyzing communication dynamics and information processing in the brain. In this work, we make steps towards understanding multi-sensory information flow and integration using a network diffusion approach. In particular, we model the flow of evoked activity, initiated by stimuli at primary sensory regions, using the Asynchronous Linear Threshold (ALT) diffusion model. The ALT model captures how evoked activity that originates at a given region of the cortex “ripples through” other brain regions (referred to as an activation cascade). By comparing the model results to functional datasets based on Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging, we find that in most cases the ALT model predicts the temporal ordering of an activation cascade correctly. Our results on the Mouse Connectivity Atlas from the Allen Institute for Brain Science show that a small number of brain regions are involved in many primary sensory streams – the claustrum and the parietal temporal cortex being at the top of the list. This suggests that the cortex relies on an hourglass architecture to first integrate and compress multi-sensory information from multiple sensory regions, before utilizing that lower-dimensionality representation in higher-level association regions and more complex cognitive tasks.

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