scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterisation of Aqueous Haemoglobin-based Microcapsules Coated by Genipin-Cross-Linked Albumin

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Melvin Schakowski ◽  
Jürgen Linders ◽  
Katja Bettina Ferenz ◽  
Michael Kirsch
Keyword(s):  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Murine Fibroblast ◽  
Alternative Type ◽  
Co Precipitation

AbstractBovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated haemoglobin (Hb)-microcapsules prepared by co-precipitation of Hb and MnCO3 may present an alternative type of artificial blood substitute. Prepared microcapsules were analysed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Respirometry, cytotoxicity was evaluated by addition of microcapsules to murine fibroblast-derived cell line L929 (American Type Culture Collection, NCTC clone 929 of strain L). The capsules come along with a mean diameter of approximately 0.6 μm and a mean volume of 1.13 ∙ 10−19 L, thus an average human red blood cell with a volume of 9 ∙ 10−14 L is about 800,000 times bigger. Hb-microcapsules are fully regenerable by ascorbic acid and maintain oxygen affinity because oxygen is able to pass the BSA wall of the capsules and thereby binding to the ferrous iron of the haemoglobin entity. Therefore, these microcapsules present a suitable type of potential artificial haemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HbOC).

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON ARTIFICIAL BLOOD: A SOURCE WE NEED

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishna Veni R ◽  
Brindha Devi P ◽  
Ivo Romauld S
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Oxygen Carriers ◽  
Blood Products ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Normal Human Blood

Blood is a liquid tissue, in which abundant chemical factors and millions of different cells are dissolved. It is one of the most demanding sources in clinical and medical aspects. The issues and cost of human blood collection and storage directed this procedure toward the use of alternative blood. Thus, came an invention of artificial blood and blood substitutes. These alternative blood or blood substitute is a substance which is made to play as a substitute of erythrocytes. Thus, the main objective is to replace the normal human blood with artificial blood substitutes in the place of blood transfusion during surgeries and organ transfusion. Two major and focused blood substitutes in pharmaceutical aspects are perfluorocarbons and hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC’s). Among these HBOCs vaguely resemble normal human blood. These blood substitutes are to allow flow through the blood stream to carry the oxygen and supply it to heart and other parts of the blood. They are used to fill the lost fluid volume. They are also called as plastic blood with iron atom as the base. They are found to serve as a good oxygen carrier. The results showed by these products are discussed, and they proved that they can act as a blood substitute and also they can reach the human tissue easier than erythrocytes and can control oxygen directly. However, these artificial blood products are being processed in research laboratories for good outcome. Their important functions are oxygen carrying capacity and to replace the lost blood volume in the human body. Their special features are survivability over a wider range of temperatures, eliminating cross matching, cost efficient, pathogen free, long shelf life, minimal side effects. Thus, artificial blood products are really a good alternative source which we need for replacing normal human blood.

scholarly journals ARTIFICIAL BLOOD: AN ACCOUNT OF HBOC AND PFC APPROACHES

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Misra ◽  
Vandana Thukral
Keyword(s):  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
The Past ◽  
Innovative Concept ◽  
The Ideal

In the field of medicine, artificial blood is an innovative concept, where specially designed compounds are developed to perform the task of transport and delivery of oxygen. Hence, it can potentially replace the function of allogenic human blood transfusion. Several molecules have been developed using several approaches. However, with continuous refinements in the past few decades, the ideal blood substitute would likely be Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier. The benefits of HBOCs are tremendous, as they do not require compatibility testing or tissue matching, are non-pathogenic, have a long shelf life, and can even be stored at room temperature. The advent of artificial blood is projected to have a remarkable impact on medical care in the future. While it will complement blood transfusion safely, it will also create a stable supply of effective products. It is likely to reduce the requirements of blood transfusions drastically in settings of surgery, trauma, or warfare.

Sinusoidal Cells in Bone Marrow Take Up BSA-Au Conjugates in the Presence of an Artificial Blood Substitute

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 700-701
Author(s):  
J.S. Geoffroy ◽  
R.P. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Iliac Artery ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Sinusoidal Cells ◽  
Artificial Blood ◽  
Left Common Iliac Artery

The pattern of BSA-Au uptake in vivo by endothelial cells of the venous sinuses (sinusoidal cells) of rat bone marrow has been described previously. BSA-Au conjugates are taken up exclusively in coated pits and vesicles, enter and pass through an “endosomal” compartment comprised of smooth-membraned tubules and vacuoles and cup-like bodies, and subsequently reside in multivesicular and dense bodies. The process is very rapid, with BSA-Au reaching secondary lysosmes one minute after presentation. (Figure 1)In further investigations of this process an isolated limb perfusion method using an artificial blood substitute, Oxypherol-ET (O-ET; Alpha Therapeutics, Los Angeles, CA) was developed. Under nembutal anesthesia, male Sprague-Dawley rats were laparotomized. The left common iliac artery and vein were ligated and the right iliac artery was cannulated via the aorta with a small vein catheter. Pump tubing, preprimed with oxygenated 0-ET at 37°C, was connected to the cannula.

Abstract 4030: Resuscitation with Intraosseous Infusion of Artificial Oxygen Carrier of Liposome-Encapsulated Hemoglobin (LHb) from Lethal Hemorrhagic Shock and Its Effect on Cytokines

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonpei Takase ◽  
Satoshi Shono ◽  
Manabu Kinoshita ◽  
Yashiro Nogami ◽  
Yoshitaka Ogata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carrier

Liposome-encapsulated hemoglobin (LHb), which is structurally similar to red blood cells (RBC) except smaller size (250 nm), can serve as blood substitute comparable to RBC. We have reported that intraosseous blood infusion (IOI) is effective treatment in shock mice model. IOI is alternative to peripheral i.v. infusion and is expected as an important field treatment in civilian emergency because of no collapse of intramedullary blood vessels in the bone marrow in shock. However, we did not evaluate the side effects of LHb in IOI. Total 70% hemorrhagic shock was induced by femoral vein bleeding. Immediately after bleeding, 17 mice were resuscitated with tibial bone IOI of 5% albumin (5% albumin), 18 mice resuscitated with mouse-washed RBC (Wash RBC) and 14 mice resuscitated with LHb (LHb-group). Survival rates were compared and the temporal changes in cytokins (TNF, INFγ) as well as liver and renal function (s-ALT, s-creatinine) were measured. All mice survived 48 h after IOI of LHb whereas only 47% and 45% mice survived in 5% albumin and Wash RBC, respectively (Fig. 1 ). The changes in TNF and INFγlevels after IOI were not statistically different among 3 groups (Fig. 2 ) and no side effects were found on liver and renal function.. Conclusions: LHb has a better anti-shock effect than RBC by using IOI probably due to smaller size and IOI of LHb could be useful in disaster medicine. In addition, IOI of LHb shows no significant effects on cytokins, liver and renal function. Figure 1 Figure 2

Uridine regulation by the isolated rat liver: perfusion with an artificial oxygen carrier

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (5) ◽  
pp. R465-R470 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Monks ◽  
R. L. Cysyk
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Liver Perfusion ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Rat Plasma ◽  
Perfusion Medium ◽  
Artificial Oxygen Carrier ◽  
Isolated Rat Liver ◽  
Rat Liver Perfusion ◽  
Isolated Rat

The isolated rat liver was used to investigate the role of the liver in the regulation of circulating uridine concentrations. A synthetic blood substitute (Fluosol-43) was utilized as an alternative oxygen-carrying perfusion medium to a simplified blood preparation and produced no apparent hepatotoxicity within the perfusion period. The isolated rat liver excreted uridine into a circulating perfusion medium achieving concentrations similar to those found in rat plasma (1.4 +/- 0.6 microM). The mean output of uridine over 2 h was 107 nmol.h-1.g liver-1, but if the perfusate was recirculated the net output of uridine was reduced to 12.7 nmol.h-1.g-1. The rate of depletion of nonphysiological concentrations of circulating uridine was found to be concentration dependent up to 25 microM. At a steady state of circulating uridine, a radioactive uridine spike was cleared with a half-life of 7.4 min and an elimination constant of 0.094 min-1; 30% of the radioactivity appeared in the perfusate as metabolites of uridine within 40 min. Thus the perfused rat liver acts to maintain circulating uridine concentrations similar to those measured in plasma.

Glutaraldehyde effect on hemoglobin: evidence for an ion environment modification based on electron paramagnetic resonance and Mossbauer spectroscopies

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 813-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Chevalier ◽  
Didiers Guillochon ◽  
Naima Nedjar ◽  
Jean Marie Piot ◽  
Mokambes Waran Vijayalakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Blood Substitute ◽  
Blood Substitutes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic

Glutaraldehyde is a widely used reagent for hemoglobin cross-linking in blood substitutes research. However, hemoglobin polymerization by glutaraldehyde involves modifications of its functional properties, such as oxygen affinity, redox potentials, and autoxidation kinetics. The aim of this article is to investigate, by electron paramagnetic resonance and Mossbauer spectroscopies, the changes that occur in the iron environment after glutaraldehyde cross-linking. Spectrometric studies were performed with native hemoglobin and hemoglobin cross-linked as soluble and insoluble polymers. Spectrometry data comparison with glutaraldehyde-modified hemoglobin functional properties allows to interpret from a structural point of view that glutaraldehyde action occurs as a decrease of the O—N(F8His) distance, an increase of the Fe—N(F8His) bond length, and the decrease of the distal-side steric hindrance.Key words: hemoglobin, glutaraldehyde, Mossbauer spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, blood substitute.

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