scholarly journals Organogenesis and Distribution of the Ocular Lymphatic Vessels in the Anterior Eye: Implication to Glaucoma Surgery Site Selection

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Wu ◽  
Young Jin Seong ◽  
Kin Li ◽  
Dongwon Choi ◽  
Eunkyung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Front Surface ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Nasal Side

ABSTRACTGlaucoma surgeries, such as trabeculectomy, are performed to lower the intraocular pressure to reduce the risk of vision loss. The surgeries create a new passage in the eye that reroutes the aqueous humor outflow to the subconjunctival space, where the fluid is presumably absorbed by the conjunctival lymphatics. However, the current knowledge of these ocular surface lymphatics remains limited. Here, we characterized the biology and function of the ocular lymphatics using transgenic lymphatic reporter mice and rats. We found that the limbal and conjunctival lymphatic networks are progressively formed by a primary lymphatic vessel that grows out from the nasal-side medial canthus region at the time of birth. This primary lymphatic vessel immediately branches out and invades the limbus and conjunctiva, and then simultaneously encircles the cornea in a bidirectional manner. As a result, the distribution of the ocular lymphatic is significantly polarized toward the nasal side, and the limbal lymphatics are directly connected to the conjunctival lymphatics. New lymphatic spouts are mainly produced from the nasal-side limbal lymphatics, posing the nasal side of the eye more responsive to fluid drainage and inflammatory stimuli. Consistently, when a fluorescent tracer was injected, fluid clearance was much more efficient in the nasal side than the temporal side of the eyes. In comparison, blood vessels are evenly distributed on the front surface of the eyes. We found that these distinct vascular distribution patterns were also conserved in human eyes. Together, our study demonstrated that the ocular surface lymphatics are more densely present in the nasal side and uncovered the potential clinical benefits in selecting the nasal side as a surgical site for glaucoma surgeries to improve the fluid drainage.

scholarly journals Activation of uveolymphatic outflow pathway after non-penetrating glaucoma surgery without filtering bleb: case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
V. Kumar ◽  
◽  
K.A. Abu Zaalan ◽  
M.A. Frolov ◽  
A.S. Shradqa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Modified Technique ◽  
Filtering Bleb ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Collagen Implant ◽  
Outflow Pathway

The authors propose a modified technique of non-penetrating filtering glaucoma surgery for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) to improve the uveoscleral outflow. The study enrolled 11 patients with POAG. A novel surgical technique included two steps. The first step was modified deep sclerectomy and cyclodyalysis with collagen implant placed into the supraciliary space. The second step (after 7–10 days) was YAG laser trabeculotomy. Surgical site and adjacent areas were examined by optical coherence tomography (OCT). After 6 months, mean IOP significantly reduced by 52% (from 30.0±10.3 mm Hg to 14.6±5.0 mm Hg, р=0.0004) while the number of IOP-lowering medications reduced by 79% (from 2.9±1.0 to 0.6±0.4, р=0.000001). The aqueous humor outflow occurred through conjunctival lymphatic vessels without filtering bleb formation, as illustrated by OCT. Postoperative complications were minor and easy-to-treat. Three case reports are discussed. Keywords: open-angle glaucoma, glaucoma surgery, conjunctival lymphatics, filtering bleb, non-penetrating glaucoma surgery, uveolymphatic outflow pathway. For citation: Kumar V., Abu Zaalan K.A., Frolov M.A. et al. Activation of uveolymphatic outflow pathway after non-penetrating glaucoma surgery without filtering bleb: case reports. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(2):108–115. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021- 21-2-108-115.

scholarly journals Bleb-Independent Glaucoma Surgery to Activate the Uveolymphatic Route of Non-Trabecular Aqueous Humor Outflow: Short-Term Clinical and OCT Results

Vision ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Kamal Abdulmuhsen Abu Zaalan ◽  
Andrey Igorevich Bezzabotnov ◽  
Galina Nikolaevna Dushina ◽  
Ahmad Saleh Soliman Shradqa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Deep Sclerectomy ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Collagen Implant ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Success

The deep sclerectomy technique was modified to enhance aqueous humor (AH) outflow via the non-trabecular pathway. A pilot study was carried out to assess its safety and effectiveness. Thirty-eight patients were under observation. After superficial scleral flap (4 × 4 mm), deep scleral layers were divided into three parts by three parallel-to-limbus incisions. Deep sclerectomy without creating a window in the Descemetes’ membrane was carried out in the distal part. A collagen implant was placed under the sclera of the remaining two parts with one end in the intrascleral pool. The third proximal part was excised to expose the uvea and implant. A Nd:YAG laser trabeculotomy at the surgery site was made on postoperative days 7–10. Outcome measures were IOP change, use of hypotensive medication(s), complications, and the need for a second surgery. At six months, the mean IOP decreased from 29.1 ± 9.2 mm Hg to 14.0 ± 4.3 mm Hg (p = 1.4 × 10−9); hypotensive medication use reduced from 2.9 ± 0.9 to 0.6 ± 1.0 (p = 1.3 × 10−10); complete success was achieved in 68.4% of cases and partial success was achieved in 31.6% of cases. Intraoperative and postoperative complications were rare and manageable. The OCT of the surgery site revealed the absence of bleb in all cases. Lymphatic vessels with characteristic bicuspid valves in their lumen were detected in conjunctiva near the operation site and over it in 32 patients. IOP decrease in the proposed technique was achieved by activation of the uveolymphatic route of AH outflow.

scholarly journals Vascular endothelial cell specification in health and disease

Angiogenesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Marziano ◽  
Gael Genet ◽  
Karen K. Hirschi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Vascular Malformations ◽  
Immune Surveillance ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cell ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vascular Networks

AbstractThere are two vascular networks in mammals that coordinately function as the main supply and drainage systems of the body. The blood vasculature carries oxygen, nutrients, circulating cells, and soluble factors to and from every tissue. The lymphatic vasculature maintains interstitial fluid homeostasis, transports hematopoietic cells for immune surveillance, and absorbs fat from the gastrointestinal tract. These vascular systems consist of highly organized networks of specialized vessels including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatic vessels that exhibit different structures and cellular composition enabling distinct functions. All vessels are composed of an inner layer of endothelial cells that are in direct contact with the circulating fluid; therefore, they are the first responders to circulating factors. However, endothelial cells are not homogenous; rather, they are a heterogenous population of specialized cells perfectly designed for the physiological demands of the vessel they constitute. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of the specification of arterial, venous, capillary, and lymphatic endothelial cell identities during vascular development. We also discuss how the dysregulation of these processes can lead to vascular malformations, and therapeutic approaches that have been developed for their treatment.

scholarly journals Diversity, distribution and spatial structure of the cold-water coral fauna of the Azores (NE Atlantic)

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 4009-4036 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Braga-Henriques ◽  
F. M. Porteiro ◽  
P. A. Ribeiro ◽  
V. de Matos ◽  
Í. Sampaio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Coral Fauna ◽  
By Catch

Abstract. Cold-water corals are widely considered as important structural components of benthic habitats, potentially enhancing local abundance in a variety of fish and invertebrate species. Yet, current knowledge of the taxonomic diversity and distribution patterns of these vulnerable, slow-growing organisms is scarce and fragmented, limiting the effectiveness of spatial management and conservation measures. We have conducted an exhaustive compilation of records of alcyonaceans, antipatharians, scleractinians and stylasterids available through present day to assess the diversity, distribution and spatial structure of coral assemblages in the Azores exclusive economic zone (EEZ). The resulting database comprises 2501 entries concerning historical oceanographic expeditions and other published sources, as well as unpublished data from bottom longline by-catch. Our taxonomic inventory appears to be fairly complete for the explored habitats, accounting for 164 species (79 alcyonaceans, 58 scleractinians, 18 antipatharians and 9 stylasterids), nine of which were documented for the first time. The Azores EEZ harbours a mixed coral fauna with several zoogeographic origins, showing the closest affinity with the Lusitanian–Mediterranean region. Very few apparent endemics were found (14%), and only in part supported by consistent sampling. Coral diversity is particularly high between 300 and 900 m depths, in areas recognized as traditional fishing grounds or exploitable fish habitat within the 100-mile limit of the EEZ. The composition of coral assemblages shows significant geographical structure among longitudinal sections of the study area at comparable depths (100–1500 m). There is no evidence of a possible role of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or latitudinal effects underlying this pattern, which suggests that it may instead reflect assemblage variability among features. Stronger changes in species composition were found along the bathymetric gradient. Notwithstanding the mix of partially overlapping steno- and eurybathic species that characterize the vertical distribution of corals, there is a distinct transition from shallow (100–600 m) to intermediate (600–1000 m) depths. The analysis presented here constitutes a valuable contribution for efficient conservation policies of coral-associated vulnerable marine ecosystems and their sustainable use as fishing areas.

High rate of conversion from ocular hypertension to glaucoma in subjects with uveitis

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318809
Author(s):  
Tiffany Ma ◽  
Joanne L Sims ◽  
Sonya Bennett ◽  
Shenton Chew ◽  
Rachael L Niederer
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Vision Loss ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Central Vision ◽  
Uveitic Glaucoma ◽  
Central Vision Loss

AimsTo examine presentation, management and long-term sequelae of ocular hypertension and uveitic glaucoma.MethodsRetrospective observational study of all subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension seen in Auckland uveitis clinics over the last 10 years.ResultsA total of 188 eyes of 139 subjects with uveitic glaucoma or ocular hypertension were included for analysis. Total follow-up was 1854.5 eye years (mean 9.9 years). The mean age at uveitis diagnosis was 49.3 years. 52.5% of subjects were male. The most common diagnoses were idiopathic uveitis (29.3%), sarcoidosis (13.3%), herpes zoster (6.9%), HLA-B27 uveitis (6.9%), tuberculosis (5.9%) and Posner-Schlossmann or cytomegalovirus (CMV) uveitis (5.3%). Median intraocular pressure (IOP) at diagnosis was 35 mm Hg (IQR 29–45). 144 eyes (77.0%) developed glaucoma during the follow-up period, of whom 41 lost some central vision due to glaucoma. Oral acetazolamide was required for IOP control in 64.5%, 50 eyes underwent trabeculectomy, 18 eyes required a tube and 6 underwent minimally invasive glaucoma surgery.ConclusionRapid progression was observed from ocular hypertension to uveitic glaucoma. Uveitic glaucoma is aggressive, with high likelihood of requiring surgical management and high risk of central vision loss. Close collaboration between uveitis and glaucoma specialists is required to maximise outcomes for these patients.

Checklist of the oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) of the Republic of Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5087 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58
Author(s):  
ANDRÉS A. SALAZAR-FILLIPPO ◽  
LADISLAV MIKO
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Oribatid Mites ◽  
The Past ◽  
Real Community ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Latin American Countries

This checklist of oribatid mites of the Republic of Colombia compiles and provides a taxonomic update of all records known up to 2020. It includes 192 entries accounting for 68 named and 47 unnamed species belonging to 73 genera and 58 families of non-astigmatid oribatid mites. Specimens from the brachypyline supercohort were dominant (54.7%), followed by Mixonomata (30.7%). However, current knowledge is far from being complete and distribution patterns show large gaps throughout the country due to this lacking knowledge and most existing investigations only include group specific studies that prevent from any conclusions regarding the real community composition of oribatids in Colombia. From 32 political-administrative departments, oribatids have been reported in 20, but 5 account for 65% of the records. These are: Cundinamarca -including Bogotá D.C.- (24.4%), Magdalena (21.8%), Nariño (6.3%), La Guajira (6.3%), and Quindío (5.9%). Whereas most oribatid reports in the Neotropical region have taken place during the past five decades, a map presented in this document shows that Colombia still lags behind other Latin American countries. Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil, for instance, have reported the highest number of species for the region and are the only nations that possess national oribatid checklists in Latin America. The current work represents a national baseline of oribatids encouraging further study of this clearly underrepresented group.  

Abstract 27: ApoA-I Improves Lymphatic Function Through a Platelet-Dependent Mechanism in Atherosclerotic Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Milasan ◽  
François Dallaire ◽  
Gabriel Jean ◽  
Jean-Claude Tardif ◽  
Yahye Merhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Lymphatic Function ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Dependent Mechanism

Rationale: Lymphatic vessels (LVs) are now recognized as prerequisite players in the modulation of cholesterol removal from the artery wall in experimental conditions of plaque regression, and a particular attention has been brought on the role of the collecting LVs in early atherosclerosis-related lymphatic dysfunction. Whereas recent findings revealed that apoA-I restores the neovascularization capacity of the lymphatic system during tumor necrosis factor-induced inflammation, the effect of apoA-I on collecting LV function during atherosclerosis has not been tested. Objective: In the present study, we address whether and how apoA-I can enhance collecting LV function in atherosclerosis-associated lymphatic dysfunction. Methods and Results: A 6-week systemic treatment with lipid-free apoA-I enhanced lymphatic transport and abrogated collecting lymphatic vessel permeability in atherosclerotic Ldlr –/– mice when compared to control. As injection of apoA-I has been shown to protect wild-type mice against flow restriction-induced thrombosis, and that platelets are identified as key elements in the maintenance of lymphatic vessel integrity via their interaction with lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), we have tested whether the effects of apoA-I could be mediated through a platelet-dependent mechanism. Our in vivo results show that apoA-I kinetics in lymph reflected that of blood. Ex vivo experiments performed with washed platelets isolated from mouse blood reveal that apoA-I decreased thrombin-induced but not podoplanin-induced platelet aggregation. Whereas this result suggests that apoA-I limits platelet thrombotic potential in blood but not in lymph, we demonstrate that treatment of human LECs with apoA-I increases the adhesion of bridge-like platelets on human LECs. Conclusions: Our results suggest that apoA-I can mediate beneficial effects on lymphatic function by promoting platelet adhesion to the lymphatic endothelium and consequently restore collecting LV integrity. Altogether, we bring forward a new pleiotropic role for apoA-I in lymphatic function and unveil new potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

MRI after successful eyeWatchTM implantation

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097361
Author(s):  
Sylvain Roy ◽  
Adan Villamarin ◽  
Nikolaos Stergiopulos ◽  
André Mermoud
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Glaucoma Drainage Device ◽  
Aqueous Humor Outflow ◽  
Cerebral Mri ◽  
Adjustable Mechanism ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Persistent Headache

The eyeWatchTM is a new glaucoma drainage device that includes an adjustable mechanism that can vary the resistance to aqueous humor outflow during the postoperative period to reduce the burden of postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) management. The mechanism contains a magnetic rotor that can be adjusted using an external magnetic control unit. Adjustments of the position of the rotor are performed mostly in the initial postoperative follow-up period in order to reach the target IOP. However, for some patients, it might be necessary to perform MRI for the sake of medical investigations. As the MRI is creating a strong magnetic field, this magnetic field is likely to interact with the adjustable rotor of the eyeWatchTM, resulting in modification of the IOP. We report the case of an 82-old female patient successfully operated with the implantation of an eyeWatchTM. The patient underwent a cerebral MRI for persistent headache. Shortly after the MRI procedure, the patient was checked at the eye clinic to assess the position of the rotor and to measure the IOP. The eyeWatchTM was readjusted to the former position set before undergoing the MRI. No complications were reported in the follow-up after MRI. This case demonstrates that MRI examinations can be safely performed after glaucoma surgery using an eyeWatchTM without compromising on the quality of the imaging or the stability of the IOP. This is a complication-free procedure that only requires checking the new position of the rotor and re-adjusting the implant, if necessary, to achieve the target IOP.

scholarly journals The cortical actin network regulates avidity-dependent binding of hyaluronan by the lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor LYVE-1

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (15) ◽  
pp. 5036-5050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tess A. Stanly ◽  
Marco Fritzsche ◽  
Suneale Banerji ◽  
Dilip Shrestha ◽  
Falk Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Vessel ◽  
Leukocyte Adhesion ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Stimulated Emission ◽  
Actin Network ◽  
Cortical Actin ◽  
Limited Mobility

Lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1) mediates the docking and entry of dendritic cells to lymphatic vessels through selective adhesion to its ligand hyaluronan in the leukocyte surface glycocalyx. To bind hyaluronan efficiently, LYVE-1 must undergo surface clustering, a process that is induced efficiently by the large cross-linked assemblages of glycosaminoglycan present within leukocyte pericellular matrices but is induced poorly by the shorter polymer alone. These properties suggested that LYVE-1 may have limited mobility in the endothelial plasma membrane, but no biophysical investigation of these parameters has been carried out to date. Here, using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and spectroscopy combined with biochemical analyses of the receptor in primary lymphatic endothelial cells, we provide the first evidence that LYVE-1 dynamics are indeed restricted by the submembranous actin network. We show that actin disruption not only increases LYVE-1 lateral diffusion but also enhances hyaluronan-binding activity. However, unlike the related leukocyte HA receptor CD44, which uses ERM and ankyrin motifs within its cytoplasmic tail to bind actin, LYVE-1 displays little if any direct interaction with actin, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation. Instead, as shown by super-resolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy in combination with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, LYVE-1 diffusion is restricted by transient entrapment within submembranous actin corrals. These results point to an actin-mediated constraint on LYVE-1 clustering in lymphatic endothelium that tunes the receptor for selective engagement with hyaluronan assemblages in the glycocalyx that are large enough to cross-bridge the corral-bound LYVE-1 molecules and thereby facilitate leukocyte adhesion and transmigration.

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