scholarly journals Transcriptional Coactivator PGC-1α Binding to Newly Synthesized RNA via CBP80: A Nexus for Co- and Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Xavier Rambout ◽  
Hana Cho ◽  
Lynne E. Maquat
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivator ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

scholarly journals The role of CPEB family proteins in the nervous system function in the norm and pathology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Kozlov ◽  
Yulii V. Shidlovskii ◽  
Rudolf Gilmutdinov ◽  
Paul Schedl ◽  
Mariya Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Fragile X ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Mrna Transport ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Nervous System Function ◽  
Functional Features

AbstractPosttranscriptional gene regulation includes mRNA transport, localization, translation, and regulation of mRNA stability. CPEB (cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding) family proteins bind to specific sites within the 3′-untranslated region and mediate poly- and deadenylation of transcripts, activating or repressing protein synthesis. As part of ribonucleoprotein complexes, the CPEB proteins participate in mRNA transport and localization to different sub-cellular compartments. The CPEB proteins are evolutionarily conserved and have similar functions in vertebrates and invertebrates. In the nervous system, the CPEB proteins are involved in cell division, neural development, learning, and memory. Here we consider the functional features of these proteins in the nervous system of phylogenetically distant organisms: Drosophila, a well-studied model, and mammals. Disruption of the CPEB proteins functioning is associated with various pathologies, such as autism spectrum disorder and brain cancer. At the same time, CPEB gene regulation can provide for a recovery of the brain function in patients with fragile X syndrome and Huntington's disease, making the CPEB genes promising targets for gene therapy.

Mixed tailing by TENT4A and TENT4B shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 361 (6403) ◽  
pp. 701-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaechul Lim ◽  
Dongwan Kim ◽  
Young-suk Lee ◽  
Minju Ha ◽  
Mihye Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mrna Half Life ◽  
In Cells

RNA tails play integral roles in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and decay. Guanylation of the poly(A) tail was discovered recently, yet the enzymology and function remain obscure. Here we identify TENT4A (PAPD7) and TENT4B (PAPD5) as the enzymes responsible for mRNA guanylation. Purified TENT4 proteins generate a mixed poly(A) tail with intermittent non-adenosine residues, the most common of which is guanosine. A single guanosine residue is sufficient to impede the deadenylase CCR4-NOT complex, which trims the tail and exposes guanosine at the 3′ end. Consistently, depletion of TENT4A and TENT4B leads to a decrease in mRNA half-life and abundance in cells. Thus, TENT4A and TENT4B produce a mixed tail that shields mRNA from rapid deadenylation. Our study unveils the role of mixed tailing and expands the complexity of posttranscriptional gene regulation.

scholarly journals Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation by Long Noncoding RNA

2013 ◽  
Vol 425 (19) ◽  
pp. 3723-3730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je-Hyun Yoon ◽  
Kotb Abdelmohsen ◽  
Myriam Gorospe
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

scholarly journals A Role for Mediator Core in Limiting Coactivator Recruitment in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Yarrington ◽  
Yaxin Yu ◽  
Chao Yan ◽  
Lu Bai ◽  
David J. Stillman
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Mediator Complex ◽  
Transcriptional Coactivator ◽  
The Core ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Upstream Activating Sequence ◽  
Eukaryotic Organisms

Mediator is an essential, multisubunit complex that functions as a transcriptional coactivator in yeast and other eukaryotic organisms. Mediator has four conserved modules, Head, Middle, Tail, and Kinase, and has been implicated in nearly all aspects of gene regulation. The Tail module has been shown to recruit the Mediator complex to the enhancer or upstream activating sequence (UAS) regions of genes via interactions with transcription factors, and the Kinase module facilitates the transition of Mediator from the UAS/enhancer to the preinitiation complex via protein phosphorylation. Here, we analyze expression of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae HO gene using a sin4 Mediator Tail mutation that separates the Tail module from the rest of the complex; the sin4 mutation permits independent recruitment of the Tail module to promoters without the rest of Mediator. Significant increases in recruitment of the SWI/SNF and SAGA coactivators to the HO promoter UAS were observed in a sin4 mutant, along with increased gene activation. These results are consistent with recent studies that have suggested that the Kinase module functions negatively to inhibit activation by the Tail. However, we found that Kinase module mutations did not mimic the effect of a sin4 mutation on HO expression. This suggests that at HO the core Mediator complex (Middle and Head modules) must play a role in limiting Tail binding to the promoter UAS and gene activation. We propose that the core Mediator complex helps modulate Mediator binding to the UAS regions of genes to limit coactivator recruitment and ensure proper regulation of gene transcription.

scholarly journals Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation by Spatial Rearrangement of the 3′ Untranslated Region

PLoS Biology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. e92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea B Eberle ◽  
Lukas Stalder ◽  
Hansruedi Mathys ◽  
Rodolfo Zamudio Orozco ◽  
Oliver Mühlemann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Untranslated Region ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

scholarly journals NF90 in Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation and MicroRNA Biogenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 17111-17121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Masuda ◽  
Yuki Kuwano ◽  
Kensei Nishida ◽  
Kazuhito Rokutan ◽  
Issei Imoto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Microrna Biogenesis ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation

scholarly journals After the Fact(or): Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation in EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7

2018 ◽  
Vol 200 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber B. Sauder ◽  
Melissa M. Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Posttranscriptional Regulation ◽  
Posttranslational Regulation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infectious Dose ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Niche Adaptation ◽  
Intestinal Pathogen ◽  
The Stability

ABSTRACTTo adapt to ever-changing environments, pathogens quickly alter gene expression. This can occur through transcriptional, posttranscriptional, or posttranslational regulation. Historically, transcriptional regulation has been thoroughly studied to understand pathogen niche adaptation, whereas posttranscriptional and posttranslational gene regulation has only relatively recently been appreciated to play a central role in bacterial pathogenesis. Posttranscriptional regulation may involve chaperones, nucleases, and/or noncoding small RNAs (sRNAs) and typically controls gene expression by altering the stability and/or translation of the target mRNA. In this review, we highlight the global importance of posttranscriptional regulation to enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) gene expression and discuss specific mechanisms of how EHEC regulates expression of virulence factors critical to host colonization and disease progression. The low infectious dose of this intestinal pathogen suggests that EHEC is particularly well adapted to respond to the host environment.

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