scholarly journals Cross section of a resonant-mass detector for scalar gravitational waves

1998 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 4525-4534 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bianchi ◽  
M. Brunetti ◽  
E. Coccia ◽  
F. Fucito ◽  
J. A. Lobo
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Mass Detector

scholarly journals Shielding the Gravitational Field in Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yanbikov Vil'dyan Shavkyatovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Universe

The study presents a model for screening gravitational waves. fields of protons of the cosmos. Gravity shielding is based on a principle. An elementary particle with a rest mass. In free fall. Shields the gravitational fields in which it is located. In the above work the intensity of the gravitational field from the infinite cosmic field is determined half-spaces. The cross section of the proton shielding the gravitational field is determined. The radius of action of gravitational forces in space is calculated. The formula is obtained, which determines the distance to the galaxy by its " red " shift. Time calculated the life of a photon in space. The size of the visibility horizon of the universe is determined

scholarly journals Geometrical optics for scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves on curved spacetime

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1843010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam R. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Principal Part ◽  
Wave Equations ◽  
Conjugate Point ◽  
Geometrical Optics ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Curved Spacetime ◽  
Null Tetrad

The geometrical-optics expansion reduces the problem of solving wave equations to one of the solving transport equations along rays. Here, we consider scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational waves propagating on a curved spacetime in general relativity. We show that each is governed by a wave equation with the same principal part. It follows that: each wave propagates at the speed of light along rays (null generators of hypersurfaces of constant phase); the square of the wave amplitude varies in inverse proportion to the cross-section of the beam; and the polarization is parallel-propagated along the ray (the Skrotskii/Rytov effect). We show that the optical scalars for a beam, and various Newman–Penrose scalars describing a parallel-propagated null tetrad, can be found by solving transport equations in a second-order formulation. Unlike the Sachs equations, this formulation makes it straightforward to find such scalars beyond the first conjugate point of a congruence, where neighboring rays cross, and the scalars diverge. We discuss differential precession across the beam which leads to a modified phase in the geometrical-optics expansion.

DETECTION OF HIGH-FREQUENCY GRAVITATIONAL WAVES BY SUPERCONDUCTORS

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (18n19) ◽  
pp. 3274-3278 ◽  
Author(s):  
FANGYU LI ◽  
ROBERT M. L. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Quality Factor ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Open Cavity ◽  
Spherical Cavities ◽  
Mass Detector ◽  
Zero Resistance

We present a detecting scheme of high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) which is based upon coupling between superconducting open cavity and electromagnetic fields stored in the cavity. Utilizing zero resistance and perfect diamagnetism of the superconductors, one can obtain very large quality factor and high sensitivity for the cavity to detect the HFGWs in GHz band. In addition, we review other possible superconducting systems for detection of the HFGWs, such as superconducting resonant-mass detector, toroidal waveguide, coupled superconducting spherical cavities and superconducting quantum antennas.

Shielding the Gravitational Field in Space

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Yanbikov Vil'dyan Shavkyatovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Particle ◽  
Gravitational Field ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Rest Mass ◽  
Free Fall ◽  
Gravitational Fields ◽  
Gravitational Forces ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
The Universe

The study presents a model for screening gravitational waves. fields of protons of the cosmos. Gravity shielding is based on a principle. An elementary particle with a rest mass. In free fall. Shields the gravitational fields in which it is located. In the above work the intensity of the gravitational field from the infinite cosmic field is determined half-spaces. The cross section of the proton shielding the gravitational field is determined. The radius of action of gravitational forces in space is calculated. The formula is obtained, which determines the distance to the galaxy by its " red " shift. Time calculated the life of a photon in space. The size of the visibility horizon of the universe is determined.

XUV Absorption Spectra of Carbon Ions

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
E. Jannitti ◽  
P. Nicolosi ◽  
G. Tondello
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectra ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Photoionization Cross Section ◽  
Carbon Ions

AbstractThe photoabsorption spectra of the carbon ions have been obtained by using two laser-produced plasmas. The photoionization cross-section of the CV has been absolutely measured and the value at threshold, σ=(4.7±0.5) × 10−19cm2, as well as its behaviour at higher energies agrees quite well with the theoretical calculations.

Elastic Scattering in Electron Microscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 252-253
Author(s):  
J. Langmore ◽  
M. Isaacson ◽  
J. Wall ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Elastic Scattering ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Quantum Noise ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Elastic Cross Section ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Dark Field Microscopy ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

High resolution dark field microscopy is becoming an important tool for the investigation of unstained and specifically stained biological molecules. Of primary consideration to the microscopist is the interpretation of image Intensities and the effects of radiation damage to the specimen. Ignoring inelastic scattering, the image intensity is directly related to the collected elastic scattering cross section, σɳ, which is the product of the total elastic cross section, σ and the eficiency of the microscope system at imaging these electrons, η. The number of potentially bond damaging events resulting from the beam exposure required to reduce the effect of quantum noise in the image to a given level is proportional to 1/η. We wish to compare η in three dark field systems.

A New Approach to the Demonstration of Oxidase-Localization Using Tannic Acid Or Catechin

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 698-699
Author(s):  
V. Mizuhira ◽  
Y. Futaesaku
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Elastic Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Tissue Block ◽  
Active Reaction ◽  
The Cross

Previously we reported that tannic acid is a very effective fixative for proteins including polypeptides. Especially, in the cross section of microtubules, thirteen submits in A-tubule and eleven in B-tubule could be observed very clearly. An elastic fiber could be demonstrated very clearly, as an electron opaque, homogeneous fiber. However, tannic acid did not penetrate into the deep portion of the tissue-block. So we tried Catechin. This shows almost the same chemical natures as that of proteins, as tannic acid. Moreover, we thought that catechin should have two active-reaction sites, one is phenol,and the other is catechole. Catechole site should react with osmium, to make Os- black. Phenol-site should react with peroxidase existing perhydroxide.

Electron Irradiation Effects in Polyoxymethylene Crystals Grown Inside Trioxane Crystals

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 78-79
Author(s):  
J. P. Colson ◽  
D. H. Reneker
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electron Micrograph ◽  
Irradiation Effects ◽  
Threefold Axis ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Polymer Crystals ◽  
Chain Axis

Polyoxymethylene (POM) crystals grow inside trioxane crystals which have been irradiated and heated to a temperature slightly below their melting point. Figure 1 shows a low magnification electron micrograph of a group of such POM crystals. Detailed examination at higher magnification showed that three distinct types of POM crystals grew in a typical sample. The three types of POM crystals were distinguished by the direction that the polymer chain axis in each crystal made with respect to the threefold axis of the trioxane crystal. These polyoxymethylene crystals were described previously.At low magnifications the three types of polymer crystals appeared as slender rods. One type had a hexagonal cross section and the other two types had rectangular cross sections, that is, they were ribbonlike.

Freeze-Fracture Replication of Frozen Outer Segments of Rat Retinal Rods

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 392-393
Author(s):  
Thomas S. Leeson ◽  
C. Roland Leeson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Outer Segment ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Outer Segments ◽  
Retinal Rods ◽  
Temperature Electron ◽  
Freeze Etching

Numerous previous studies of outer segments of retinal receptors have demonstrated a complex internal structure of a series of transversely orientated membranous lamellae, discs, or saccules. In cones, these lamellae probably are invaginations of the covering plasma membrane. In rods, however, they appear to be isolated and separate discs although some authors report interconnections and some continuities with the surface near the base of the outer segment, i.e. toward the inner segment. In some species, variations have been reported, such as longitudinally orientated lamellae and lamellar whorls. In cross section, the discs or saccules show one or more incisures. The saccules probably contain photolabile pigment, with resulting potentials after dipole formation during bleaching of pigment. Continuity between the lamina of rod saccules and extracellular space may be necessary for the detection of dipoles, although such continuity usually is not found by electron microscopy. Particles on the membranes have been found by low angle X-ray diffraction, by low temperature electron microscopy and by freeze-etching techniques.

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