scholarly journals Accelerated expansion from a nonminimal gravitational coupling to matter

2010 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Bertolami ◽  
P. Frazão ◽  
J. Páramos
2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 2007-2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
SANIL UNNIKRISHNAN ◽  
T. R. SESHADRI

In this paper we consider a model of the scalar–tensor theory of gravitation, in which the scalar field ϕ determines the gravitational coupling G and has a Lagrangian of the form [Formula: see text]. We study the cosmological consequence of this theory in the matter-dominated era and show that it leads to a transition from an initial decelerated expansion to an accelerated expansion phase at the present epoch. Using observational constraints, we see that the effective equation of state today for the scalar field turns out to be pϕ = wϕρϕ, with wϕ = -0.88, and that the transition to an accelerated phase happened at a redshift of about 0.3.


2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Ortiz-Baños ◽  
Mariam Bouhmadi-López ◽  
Ruth Lazkoz ◽  
Vincenzo Salzano

AbstractIn this work, we further study a metric modified theory of gravity which contains a non-minimal coupling to matter, more precisely, we assume two functions of the scalar curvature, $$f_1$$ f 1 and $$f_2$$ f 2 , where the first one generalises the Hilbert–Einstein action, while the second couples to the matter Lagrangian. On the one hand, assuming a $$\varLambda $$ Λ CDM background, we calculate analytical solutions for the functions $$f_1$$ f 1 and $$f_2$$ f 2 . We consider two setups: on the first one, we fix $$f_2$$ f 2 and compute $$f_1$$ f 1 and on the second one, we fix $$f_1$$ f 1 and compute $$f_2$$ f 2 . Moreover, we do the analysis for two different energy density contents, a matter dominated universe and a general perfect fluid with a constant equation of state fuelling the universe expansion. On the other hand, we complete our study by performing a cosmographic analysis for $$f_1$$ f 1 and $$f_2$$ f 2 . We conclude that the gravitational coupling to matter can drive the accelerated expansion of the universe.


Author(s):  
Michael Kachelriess

The contribution of vacuum fluctuations to the cosmological constant is reconsidered studying the dependence on the used regularisation scheme. Then alternative explanations for the observed accelerated expansion of the universe in the present epoch are introduced which either modify gravity or add a new component of matter, dubbed dark energy. The chapter closes with some comments on attempts to quantise gravity.


Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Verónica Motta ◽  
Miguel A. García-Aspeitia ◽  
Alberto Hernández-Almada ◽  
Juan Magaña ◽  
Tomás Verdugo

The accelerated expansion of the Universe is one of the main discoveries of the past decades, indicating the presence of an unknown component: the dark energy. Evidence of its presence is being gathered by a succession of observational experiments with increasing precision in its measurements. However, the most accepted model for explaining the dynamic of our Universe, the so-called Lambda cold dark matter, faces several problems related to the nature of such energy component. This has led to a growing exploration of alternative models attempting to solve those drawbacks. In this review, we briefly summarize the characteristics of a (non-exhaustive) list of dark energy models as well as some of the most used cosmological samples. Next, we discuss how to constrain each model’s parameters using observational data. Finally, we summarize the status of dark energy modeling.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Luz Almeida ◽  
Stefano Foffa ◽  
Riccardo Sturani

Abstract We apply the classical double copy to the calculation of self-energy of composite systems with multipolar coupling to gravitational field, obtaining next-to-leading order results in the gravitational coupling GN by generalizing color to kinematics replacement rules known in literature. When applied to the multipolar description of the two-body system, the self-energy diagrams studied in this work correspond to tail processes, whose physical interpretation is of radiation being emitted by the non-relativistic source, scattered by the curvature generated by the binary system and then re-absorbed by the same source. These processes contribute to the conservative two-body dynamics and the present work represents a decisive step towards the systematic use of double copy within the multipolar post-Minkowskian expansion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuke Yamada

Abstract We investigate supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking scenarios where both SUSY and Lorentz symmetry are broken spontaneously. For concreteness, we propose models in which scalar fluid or vector condensation breaks Lorentz symmetry and accordingly SUSY. Then, we examine whether such scenarios are viable for realistic model buildings. We find, however, that the scalar fluid model suffers from several issues. Then, we extend it to a vector condensation model, which avoids the issues in the scalar fluid case. We show that accelerated expansion and soft SUSY breaking in matter sector can be achieved. In our simple setup, the soft SUSY breaking is constrained to be less than $$ \mathcal{O}(100)\mathrm{TeV} $$ O 100 TeV from the constraints on modification of gravity.


2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 613-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvimol Sujjavanich ◽  
Krit Won-In ◽  
Wacharakorn Wongkhamchan ◽  
Pisutti Dararutana

The study of the first alkali silica reaction (ASR) case in Thailand was conducted on fluoresced gel under UV light technique. It was done on ten random cored samples from different cracked structures of ten year-aged project and the other three cored samples from no-crack structure of one building and two bridges, ages older than 40 years. It was study on areas of suspected ASR gel in the interface zone (ITZ), aggregates and paste in the vicinity. The results of reflected area indicated the evidence of ASR gel at aggregate’s rim and the nearly areas as well as in some cracks in the matrix of 9 in 11 samples of the first set. The amount of reactive coarse aggregates was found in the range of 5-90% of total coarse aggregate content, which was supported by the expansion results of same cored samples from previous study. The results of this study indicated that the fluoresced gel technique provided the satisfied results which confirmed the accelerated expansion test from previous study. They can be used as an effective means for ASR screening test of existing structures both in the field and in laboratory.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 (10) ◽  
pp. 085-085 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Brustein ◽  
G Dvali ◽  
G Veneziano

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105
Author(s):  
Eduardo Sergio Santini ◽  
Guillermo Andrés Lemarchand

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (08n10) ◽  
pp. 1397-1403
Author(s):  
L. MARASSI

Several independent cosmological tests have shown evidences that the energy density of the universe is dominated by a dark energy component, which causes the present accelerated expansion. The large scale structure formation can be used to probe dark energy models, and the mass function of dark matter haloes is one of the best statistical tools to perform this study. We present here a statistical analysis of mass functions of galaxies under a homogeneous dark energy model, proposed in the work of Percival (2005), using an observational flux-limited X-ray cluster survey, and CMB data from WMAP. We compare, in our analysis, the standard Press–Schechter (PS) approach (where a Gaussian distribution is used to describe the primordial density fluctuation field of the mass function), and the PL (power–law) mass function (where we apply a non-extensive q-statistical distribution to the primordial density field). We conclude that the PS mass function cannot explain at the same time the X-ray and the CMB data (even at 99% confidence level), and the PS best fit dark energy equation of state parameter is ω = -0.58, which is distant from the cosmological constant case. The PL mass function provides better fits to the HIFLUGCS X-ray galaxy data and the CMB data; we also note that the ω parameter is very sensible to modifications in the PL free parameter, q, suggesting that the PL mass function could be a powerful tool to constrain dark energy models.


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