Relationship between the Physical Nature of Mitochondrial Membranes and Chilling Sensitivity in Plants

AbstractIndirect methods of detection of exo-planets (by radial velocity, astrometry, occultations,...) have revealed recently the first cases of exo-planets, and will in the near future expand our knowledge of these systems. They will provide statistical informations on the dynamical parameters: semi-major axis, eccentricities, inclinations,... But the physical nature of these planets will remain mostly unknown. Only for the larger ones (exo-Jupiters), an estimate of the mass will be accessible. To characterize in more details Earth-like exo-planets, direct detection (i.e., direct observation of photons from the planet) is required. This is a much more challenging observational program. The exo-planets are extremely faint with respect to their star: the contrast ratio is about 10−10at visible wavelengths. Also the angular size of the apparent orbit is small, typically 0.1 second of arc. While the first point calls for observations in the infrared (where the contrast goes up to 10−7) and with a coronograph, the latter implies using an interferometer. Several space projects combining these techniques have been recently proposed. They aim at surveying a few hundreds of nearby single solar-like stars in search for Earth-like planets, and at performing a low resolution spectroscopic analysis of their infrared emission in order to reveal the presence in the atmosphere of the planet of CO H2O and O3. The latter is a good tracer of the presence of oxygen which could be, like on our Earth, released by biological activity. Although extremely ambitious, these projects could be realized using space technology either already available or in development for others missions. They could be built and launched during the first decades on the next century.

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The Interpretation of Solar Spectral Intensities

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100108012 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 329

Author(s):

R.W.P. McWhirter

Keyword(s):

Emission Measure ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Atomic Data ◽

The Sun ◽

Atomic Properties ◽

Outer Atmosphere ◽

Spectral Intensities ◽

Thin Plasma ◽

Number Of Authors

The intensity of a specrtal line from an optically thin plasma such as the outer atmosphere of the sun depends on both the atomic properties of the atomic ion responsible for the line and the physical nature of the plasma. In this paper we discuss the various ways in which the measured spectral intensities from the sun are used to discover something about the nature of the sun’s atmosphere. The technique has been referred to as the emission measure method. It has important limitations in terms of the accuracy of the specrtal data as well as the atomic data. We discuss some of these and suggest methods by which they may be assessed. The technique is illustrated by application to real observations from a number of authors.

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Some Observations on Intra-Mitochondrial Crystals

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100079486 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 406-407

Author(s):

J. A. Clarke ◽

D. N. Landon ◽

P. R. Ward

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome B ◽

Mitochondrial Myopathy ◽

Crystallographic Analysis ◽

Mitochondrial Membranes ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Muscle Biopsies

Intra-mitochondrial crystals have been noted in muscle biopsies from patients in a wide variety of diseased states. As far as we are aware, none of these crystals have been subjected to detailed crystallographic analysis. Recently, similar crystals were observed in a biopsy from a patient with a mitochondrial myopathy, characterised by a deficiency in reducible cytochrome b (Morgan-Hughes, J. A., Darveniza, P., Kahn, S. N., Landon, D. N., Sherratt, R. M., Land, J. M. and Clark, J. B., 1977, Brain, In Press). Aldehyde-fixed, osmicated resin imbedded material was examined using Siemens, JEOL and Phillips electron microscopes with goniometer specimen stages. The crystals generally lay between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes and measured 1 - 3 μm in length and 0.1 - 0.3 μm in width. Characteristically, these crystals revealed specific periodicities.

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Intramitochondrial Viruses of Reptilian Cell Origin

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100094851 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 318-319

Author(s):

Philip D. Lunger ◽

H. Fred Clark

Keyword(s):

Particle Production ◽

Outer Zone ◽

Density Variation ◽

Core Region ◽

Mitochondrial Membranes ◽

Virus Particles ◽

The Core ◽

Vipera Russelli ◽

Maturation Stages ◽

Type Particle

In the course of fine structure studies of spontaneous “C-type” particle production in a viper (Vipera russelli) spleen cell line, designated VSW, virus particles were frequently observed within mitochondria. The latter were usually enlarged or swollen, compared to virus-free mitochondria, and displayed a considerable degree of cristae disorganization.Intramitochondrial viruses measure 90 to 100 mμ in diameter, and consist of a nucleoid or core region of varying density and measuring approximately 45 mμ in diameter. Nucleoid density variation is presumed to reflect varying degrees of condensation, and hence maturation stages. The core region is surrounded by a less-dense outer zone presumably representing viral capsid.Particles are usually situated in peripheral regions of the mitochondrion. In most instances they appear to be lodged between loosely apposed inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

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Structure of contact sites between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes investigated by HVEM tomography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100167299 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 966-967

Author(s):

C.A. Mannella ◽

K.F. Buttle ◽

K.A. O‘Farrell ◽

A. Leith ◽

M. Marko

Keyword(s):

Liver Mitochondrion ◽

Adenine Nucleotide ◽

Protein Complexes ◽

Mitochondrial Membranes ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Contact Sites ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Precursor Proteins ◽

Membrane Contacts ◽

And Function

Early transmission electron microscopy of plastic-embedded, thin-sectioned mitochondria indicated that there are numerous junctions between the outer and inner membranes of this organelle. More recent studies have suggested that the mitochondrial membrane contacts may be the site of protein complexes engaged in specialized functions, e.g., import of mitochondrial precursor proteins, adenine nucleotide channeling, and even intermembrane signalling. It has been suggested that the intermembrane contacts may be sites of membrane fusion involving non-bilayer lipid domains in the two membranes. However, despite growing interest in the nature and function of intramitochondrial contact sites, little is known about their structure.We are using electron microscopic tomography with the Albany HVEM to determine the internal organization of mitochondria. We have reconstructed a 0.6-μm section through an isolated, plasticembedded rat-liver mitochondrion by combining 123 projections collected by tilting (+/- 70°) around two perpendicular tilt axes. The resulting 3-D image has confirmed the basic inner-membrane organization inferred from lower-resolution reconstructions obtained from single-axis tomography.

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Estimation and Prediction of Difficult Formalized Processes of Different Physical Nature

Journal of Automation and Information Sciences ◽

10.1615/jautomatinfscien.v40.i11.30 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 23-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Natalya D. Pankratova ◽

Tatyana V. Podladchikova

Keyword(s):

Physical Nature ◽

Estimation And Prediction

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Current-Signature-Based Analysis of Complex Test Fails

ISTFA 1999: Conference Proceedings from the 25th International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa1999p0377 ◽

1999 ◽

Author(s):

Anne E. Gattiker ◽

Phil Nigh ◽

Wojciech Maly

Keyword(s):

Failure Analysis ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Channel Length ◽

Test Methods ◽

Multiple Test ◽

Physical Mechanisms ◽

Test Behavior ◽

Complex Test ◽

Current Signature ◽

Insight Into

Abstract This article provides an analysis of a class of failures observed during the SEMATECH-sponsored Test Methods Experiment. The analysis focuses on use of test-based failure analysis and IDDQ signature analysis to gain insight into the physical mechanisms underlying such subtle failures. In doing so, the analysis highlights techniques for understanding failure mechanisms using only tester data. In the experiment, multiple test methods were applied to a 0.45 micrometer effective channel length ASIC. Specifically, ICs that change test behavior from before to after burn-in are studied to understand the physical nature of the mechanism underlying their failure. Examples of the insights provided by the test-based analysis include identifying cases where there are multiple or complex defects and distinguishing cases where the defect type is likely to be a short versus an open and determining if the defect is marginal. These insights can be helpful for successful failure analysis.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Tim50 is a subunit of the TIM23 complex that links protein translocation across the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1008589.177333 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

David Andrews

Keyword(s):

Protein Translocation ◽

Mitochondrial Membranes ◽

A Subunit

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Modern Conception of Combined “ICS”-approach (“Information, Cybernetic and Synergetic”) for Analysis and Optimization of Legal Ergasystems

Pravosudie / Justice ◽

10.37399/issn2686-9241.2020.1.59-81 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 59-81

Author(s):

D. A. Lovtsov ◽

Keyword(s):

Public Relations ◽

Functional Organization ◽

Dynamic Equilibrium ◽

Physical Nature ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Cybernetic System ◽

Methodological Principles ◽

Definition Of ◽

Concept Of Information ◽

Theoretical Apparatus

Introduction. The lack of a coherent systemology law does not enable the use of evidence-based formalization to solve the basic theoretical problems of law interpretation and enforcement. The development of an appropriate formal-theoretical apparatus is possible on the basis of a productive systemological concept. The justification of this concept is based on the study of philosophical bases and fundamental principles (integrity, dynamic equilibrium, feedback, etc.) and the use of logical and linguistic methods of problem-oriented system approach. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The conceptual and logical modeling of legal ergasystems, the systems analysis and resolution of the theory-applied base of technology of two-tier legal regulation; the synthesis and modification of private scientific results of the author published in 2000–2019, with copyright in the author’s scientific works and educational publications. Results. The contemporary conceptual variant of combined “ICS”-approach (“information, cybernetic and synergetic”) as a general methodology of analysis and optimization of legal ergasystems, as characterized by the following conditions: the substantiation of the appropriate three-part set of methodological research principles, corresponding to the triple-aspect physical nature of the study of complex legal systems as ergasystems; the clarification of the conceptual and logical model of the legal ergasystem taking into account the fundamental feedback principle; the definition of the law of necessary diversity of William R. Ashby is justified and corresponding conditions of realize of effective technology of two-level (normative and individual) legal regulation; the definition of basic concepts and methodological principles of modern systemology of legal regulation; the justification of the functional organization of the Invariant Rational Control Loop. Discussion and Conclusion. A developed conceptual object-oriented version of combined “ICS”-approach for analysis and optimization of legal ergasystems is a methodological basis for the development of a working formal-theoretical apparatus of legal regulation systemology. This will formalize the decisions of the main theoretical problems of law interpretation and enforcement, as well as developing and implementing special information and legal technologies based on the concept of information and functional databases and knowledge. This will in turn ensure the information increases the effectiveness of the system of legal regulation of public relations as an information and cybernetic system subject to the subjective organizing process of human activity and the objective synergetic processes of disorganization.

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