scholarly journals A compact and flexible induction furnace for in situ X-ray microradiograhy and computed microtomography at Elettra: design, characterization and first tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1172-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Kudrna Prašek ◽  
Mattia Pistone ◽  
Don R. Baker ◽  
Nicola Sodini ◽  
Nicoletta Marinoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Solidification Processes ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
Internal Volume ◽  
Melting And Solidification

A compact and versatile induction furnace for in situ high-resolution synchrotron and laboratory hard X-ray microradiography and computed microtomography is described. The furnace can operate from 773 to 1723 K. Its programmable controller enables the user to specify multiple heating and cooling ramp rates as well as variable dwell times at fixed temperatures allowing precise control of heating and cooling rates to within 5 K. The instrument can work under a controlled atmosphere. Thanks to the circular geometry of the induction coils, the heat is homogeneously distributed in the internal volume of the graphite cell (ca. 150 mm3) where the sample holder is located. The thermal gradient within the furnace is less than 5 K over a height of ca. 5 mm. This new furnace design is well suited to the study of melting and solidification processes in geomaterials, ceramics and several metallic alloys, allowing fast heating (tested up to 6.5 K s−1) and quenching (up to 21 K s−1) in order to freeze the sample microstructure and chemistry under high-temperature conditions. The sample can be held at high temperatures for several hours, which is essential to follow phenomena with relatively slow dynamics, such as crystallization processes in geomaterials. The utility of the furnace is demonstrated through a few examples of experimental applications performed at the Elettra synchrotron laboratory (Trieste, Italy).

Texture Evolution Under Fast Heating and Cooling Rates of Zirconium Alloys Studied In-Situ by Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Toan Nguyen ◽  
Alistair Garner ◽  
Javier Romero ◽  
Antoine Ambard ◽  
Michael Preuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Texture Evolution ◽  
Zirconium Alloys ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Fast Heating ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating And Cooling

Phase Transitions in Gold Contacts to Gallium Arsenide

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Beam ◽  
D. D. L. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Peritectic Transformation ◽  
Complete Dissolution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Similar Phase ◽  
Gold Contacts

AbstractX-ray diffraction was used in situ to study the phase transitions which occurred in 1500 Å Au/GaAs(100) upon heating and cooling. The reaction between Au and GaAs took the form Au + Ga → α Au-Ga. Upon heating, α Au-Ga completely dissolved in liquid Au-Ga. Upon subsequent cooling, β Au-Ga (or Au7Ga2) formed. In 1 atm of nitrogen, phase transitions were observed reversibly at 525 ± 25°C (due to the complete dissolution of α Au-Ga upon heating) and 415 ± 5°C (due to the peritectic transformation of β Au-Ga to α Au-Ga and liquid Au-Ga upon heating). In a vacuum of 425 μ (0.031 Kg/2m) similar phase transitions were observed at 425 ± 25°C and 387 ± 13°C, respectively.

X-RAY COMPUTED MICROTOMOGRAPHY OF RUBBER

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karine Le Gorju Jago
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Mechanical Deformation ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Ct Studies

ABSTRACT In rubber science, X-ray computed microtomography (micro CT) is becoming an increasingly used technique to characterize 3D microstructures. As a first step, experimental methods, limitations, and data analysis are described. A review of published micro CT studies for rubber is reported. Examples of our recent works are presented, including investigations on samples or complex structures, for compact or foam rubbers. Micro CT is used to describe the evolution of microstructures relative to different processing steps, to environmental interaction, and to adaptation to a mechanical deformation. New insights and better understanding of damage mechanisms due to quasistatic, creep, and fatigue solicitations are presented from in situ micro CT experiments. Perspective studies are outlined.

In Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Melting, Solidification and Solid-State Transformation of Ni3Sn

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijie Zhao ◽  
Jianrong Gao ◽  
Yang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Solid State Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting And Solidification

AbstractMelting, solidification and solid-state transformation of the intermetallic Ni3Sn compound were investigated in situ using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the compound undergoes a hexagonal to cubic transition before melting. In solidification, a disordered cubic phase crystallizes from the liquid at a large undercooling but it is reordered prior to bulk solidification. In melting and solidification, forced or natural flows are active bringing about significant changes of crystal orientations. These in situ observations provided insights into phase transformations of Ni3Sn at elevated temperatures and their roles in formation of metastable microstructure consisting of coarse grains and subgrains.

scholarly journals In situ x-ray diffraction study of graphitic carbon formed during heating and cooling of amorphous-C/Ni bilayers

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (15) ◽  
pp. 153105 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Saenger ◽  
J. C. Tsang ◽  
A. A. Bol ◽  
J. O. Chu ◽  
A. Grill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Study ◽  
Graphitic Carbon ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating And Cooling

scholarly journals Bench-top X-ray microtomography complemented with spatially localized X-ray scattering experiments

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi-Petteri Suuronen ◽  
Aki Kallonen ◽  
Ville Hänninen ◽  
Merja Blomberg ◽  
Keijo Hämäläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Beam Size ◽  
Beam Path ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Control ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

This article describes a novel experimental setup that combines X-ray microtomography (XMT) scans within situX-ray scattering experiments in a laboratory setting. Combining these two methods allows the characterization of both the micrometre-scale morphology and the crystallographic properties of the sample without removing it from the setup. Precise control of the position of the sample allows an accurate choice of the scattering beam path through the sample and facilitates the performance of X-ray scattering experiments on submillimetre-sized samples. With the present setup, a voxel size of less than 0.5 µm is achievable in the XMT images, and scattering experiments can be carried out with a beam size of approximately 200 × 200 µm. The potential of this setup is illustrated with the analysis of micrometeorite crystal structure and diffraction tomographic imaging of a silver behenate phantom as example applications.

Exploring the Use of a Synchrotron X-Ray Scattering Method to Investigate Nucleation

2013 ◽  
Vol 765 ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Brown ◽  
Hong Biao Dong ◽  
Paul Howes ◽  
Chris Nicklin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Interface ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solidification Behaviour ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Solid Liquid Interface ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Melting And Solidification ◽  
Ray Scattering

A synchrotron X-Ray scattering method has been explored to probe the interactions at the interface between liquid Al and α-Al2O3. Melting and solidification behaviour has been observed in-situ in Al via collection and indexing of scattering generated at the solid-liquid interface.

scholarly journals Microsegregation and Solidification Shrinkage of Copper-Lead Base Alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Korojy ◽  
L. Ekbom ◽  
H. Fredriksson
Keyword(s):  
Volume Change ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Lattice Defects ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Solidification Shrinkage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solidification Processes ◽  
Copper Lead ◽  
Melting And Solidification

Microsegregation and solidification shrinkage were studied on copper-lead base alloys. A series of solidification experiments was performed, using differential thermal analysis (DTA) to evaluate the solidification process. The chemical compositions of the different phases were measured via energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for the Cu-Sn-Pb and the Cu-Sn-Zn-Pb systems. The results were compared with the calculated data according to Scheil's equation. The volume change during solidification was measured for the Cu-Pb and the Cu-Sn-Pb systems using a dilatometer that was developed to investigate the melting and solidification processes. A shrinkage model was used to explain the volume change during solidification. The theoretical model agreed reasonably well with the experimental results. The deviation appears to depend on the formation of lattice defects during the solidification process and consequently on the condensation of those defects at the end of the solidification process. The formation of lattice defects was supported by quenching experiments, giving a larger fraction of solid than expected from the equilibrium calculation.

scholarly journals Sample chamber for synchrotron based in-situ X-ray diffraction experiments under electric fields and temperatures between 100 K and 1250 K

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Melanie Nentwich ◽  
Tina Weigel ◽  
Carsten Richter ◽  
Hartmut Stöcker ◽  
Erik Mehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Hemispherical Dome ◽  
Sample Chamber ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Scientific Questions

Many scientific questions require X-ray experiments conducted at varying temperatures, sometimes combined with the application of electric fields. Here, a customized sample chamber developed for beamlines P23 and P24 of PETRA III at DESY to suit these demands is presented. The chamber body consists mainly of standard vacuum parts housing the heater/cooler assembly supplying a temperature range of 100 K to 1250 K and an xyz manipulator holding an electric contact needle for electric measurements at both high voltage and low current. The chamber is closed by an exchangeable hemispherical dome offering all degrees of freedom for single-crystal experiments within one hemisphere of solid angle. The currently available dome materials (PC, PS, PEEK polymers) differ in their absorption and scattering characteristics, with PEEK providing the best overall performance. The article further describes heating and cooling capabilities, electric characteristics, and plans for future upgrades of the chamber. Examples of applications are discussed.

scholarly journals Application of X-Ray Microtomography to the Microstructural Characterization of Al-Based Functionally Graded Materials

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 1109-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Velhinho ◽  
Francisco Manuel Braz Fernandes ◽  
S.C. Ferreira ◽  
L.A. Rocha ◽  
Gerard Vignoles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functionally Graded Materials ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Computed Microtomography ◽  
X Ray Computed

This paper provides a brief overview of the possibilities offered by X-ray computed microtomography, and particularly synchrotron radiation X-ray microtomography, regarding metal matrix composite characterization, emphasis being placed in the case of Al-based functionally graded materials. Examples are provided concerning the characterization of the reinforcement population, interfacial properties, in-situ transformation and damage evolution. The specific needs of the technique and limitations to its widespread use are mentioned.

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