scholarly journals Distributed computing for macromolecular crystallography

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Krissinel ◽  
Ville Uski ◽  
Andrey Lebedev ◽  
Martyn Winn ◽  
Charles Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
Structure Solution ◽  
Convenient Approach ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Program Components

Modern crystallographic computing is characterized by the growing role of automated structure-solution pipelines, which represent complex expert systems utilizing a number of program components, decision makers and databases. They also require considerable computational resources and regular database maintenance, which is increasingly more difficult to provide at the level of individual desktop-basedCCP4 setups. On the other hand, there is a significant growth in data processed in the field, which brings up the issue of centralized facilities for keeping both the data collected and structure-solution projects. The paradigm of distributed computing and data management offers a convenient approach to tackling these problems, which has become more attractive in recent years owing to the popularity of mobile devices such as tablets and ultra-portable laptops. In this article, an overview is given of developments by CCP4 aimed at bringing distributed crystallographic computations to a wide crystallographic community.

scholarly journals A Study on the Impact of R&D Intensity on Business Performance: Evidence from South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hun Park ◽  
Jun-Hwan Park ◽  
Sujin Lee ◽  
Hyuk Hahn
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Groups ◽  
Innovative Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Knowledge Services

The role of R&D (research and development) intensity on the effect of knowledge services on the business performance of firms has been discussed by using PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA methods. Research groups were divided into two groups, innovative and non-innovative. Respondents were classified into innovative firms if their R&D intensity was over 3% and vice versa. PLS-SEM and PLS-MGA results were compared for two groups and valuable insights were extracted. For innovative firms, knowledge services seemed to be verified and processed by the decision makers and utilized to achieve their business performance. On the other hand, a large number of non-innovative firms seemed to have a stronger tendency to utilize knowledge services directly for their business without sufficient verification by the decision makers.

scholarly journals Notes from the Editors

2014 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. iii-ix
Keyword(s):  
Basic Research ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Scholarly Journals ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Relevant Work

We introduce this issue with a thought. There has been much made of the need for our discipline to be “policy relevant,” and much ridicule has been directed at the Review recently that comments how little the Review offers that is relevant for decision makers. But what does it mean to be policy relevant? Generally, scholarly journals publish the best in basic research, which hopefully can be used by those in positions of authority to good effect. This often means that there are no catchy titles, nor opinion-editorial pieces that are so often portrayed as the model of policy relevant work. In our view, the role of the Review is to expand knowledge on important scholarly questions, not only to publish work that is currently popular or somehow ordained as useful by pundits. There is certainly a place for such work, but not in the pages of the Review. On the other hand, we as the editors of the Review understand the need to make the Review accessible to as broad an audience as possible, and we have made great efforts to do just that.

Rationality at the Brink: The Role of Cognitive Processes in Failures of Deterrence

1978 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack L. Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
International Crises ◽  
Value Conflicts ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Decision makers in international crises seek to reconcile two values: on the one hand, avoiding the loss of prestige and credibility that capitulation would entail and, on the other, avoiding war. These values conflict with each other, in the sense that any policy designed to further one of them will jeopardize the other. Cognitive theory suggests that in ambiguous circumstances a decision maker will suppress uncomfortable value conflicts, conceptualizing his dilemma in such a way that the values appear to be consonant. President Kennedy's process of decision and rationalization in the Cuban missile crisis fits this pattern. He contended that compromise would allay the risk of war in the short run only at the cost of increasing it in the long run. Thus, he saw his policy of no compromise as furthering both the goal of maintaining U.S. prestige and credibility and the goal of avoiding war.

Proportionality and the Separation of Powers in Constitutional Review: Examining the Role of Judicial Deference

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
Caroline Henckels
Keyword(s):  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Judicial Power ◽  
Symbiotic Relationship ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
High Court

The High Court's tentative moves toward adopting structured proportionality as a method of constitutional review have been hampered by concerns about the separation of powers. This article argues that the manner in which a court undertakes proportionality analysis is crucial to the question of whether it is acting within the domain of judicial power. In this regard, the concept of judicial deference plays a vital but thus far under-theorised role. Deference refers not to judicial submission or surrender to the legislature, which would abdicate judicial power to a non-judicial body. Rather, it refers to a court giving weight to the judgment or opinion of government in circumstances of normative or empirical uncertainty. Courts afford deference in this way for two reasons: the desirability of respecting decisions made by democratically legitimate decision-makers, and the practical advantages that inhere in relying on the institutional competence and expertise of the other branches of government. An increased understanding of these rationales for deference in the context of constitutional review would diminish concerns about the High Court straying outside the domain of judicial power. Proportionality and deference exist in a symbiotic relationship and should be addressed together by a coherent judicial theory; many of the concerns raised by the High Court about the former would diminish were it also to embrace the latter.

Hirohito, the Emperor's Army and Pearl Harbor

1992 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Dockrill
Keyword(s):  
Decision Makers ◽  
Pearl Harbor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Press ◽  
Imperial Japan ◽  
The Military

The death of Hirohito on 7 January 1989 provided the Japanese with an opportunity of reappraising the Showa era, as Hirohito's reign is called in the Japanese calendar. This lasted for sixty-two years, which the press described as years of ‘turmoil and drastic changes.’ While the role of the Emperor and, to a greater degree, the role of the military in imperial Japan have been long-running themes for historians, intellectuals, and journalists, Hirohito's death certainly encouraged the publication of a large number of books, including reprints of works about the Pacific War, from semi-official histories, the memoirs of some of the leading decision makers and a series of histories of Japan from 1868 to 1945. Television programmes showed for two full days panel discussions by historians and documentary films of the Showa era—a series of bloody wars in China and eventually with the Americans, the British and the other Allied powers, leading to unconditional surrender and occupation.

The Role of Edge Offload for Hardware - Accelerated Mobile Devices

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Mahadev Satyanarayanan ◽  
Nathan Beckmann ◽  
Grace A. Lewis ◽  
Brandon Lucia
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Position Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hardware Accelerators ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
Evolution Path ◽  
Fixed Function ◽  
Programmable Hardware

This position paper examines a spectrum of approaches to overcoming the limited computing power of mobile devices caused by their need to be small, lightweight and energy efficient. At one extreme is offloading of compute-intensive operations to a cloudlet nearby. At the other extreme is the use of fixed-function hardware accelerators on mobile devices. Between these endpoints lie various configurations of programmable hardware accelerators. We explore the strengths and weaknesses of these approaches and conclude that they are, in fact, complementary. Based on this insight, we advocate a softwarehardware co-evolution path that combines their strengths.

Mediators and Moderators of Normative Reductionism: Towards a Testimonial Approach to Expertise in Legal Inquiry

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-556
Author(s):  
Suryapratim Roy
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
Legal Decision Making

There has been an increasing interest in making legal decision-making and scholarship scientific or inter-disciplinary, without there being any interrogation of how or why this should be done. This has resulted in polarised views of the importance of science on one hand, and the primacy of democracy on the other. Such polarisation is not helpful primarily because both ‘science’ and ‘democracy’ remain unintelligible to those who do not have access to the particular epistemology that supports their usage. In this article, I seek to reconceptualise the conflict between democracy and science as the association of legal decision-makers and scholars with expert inquiry. I further conceptualise such association as a process that involves normative reductionism of testimonial exchange. Despite a claim to ‘a culture of justification’ in legal systems such as the European Union, the process of normative reductionism is essentially arbitrary. I seek to articulate a framework where this process may be approached in a disciplined manner, concentrating on the role of mediation and moderation of expert knowledge.

scholarly journals Can We Understand Non-Tourism as a Form of Sustainable Tourism? The Role of Lifestyle and Motivations behind Non-Traveling Based on the Hungarian Example

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7353
Author(s):  
Lóránt Dénes Dávid ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Ákos Nagy ◽  
Mária Törőcsik
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Tourism Potential ◽  
The One ◽  
Unique Potential

This paper aims to study non-travelers in order to try to understand why they are absent from tourism and what the causes are for their decision. Our research showed that the study of postmodern causes apart from classic ones holds unique potential in the research of sustainable tourism processes as well. The results of cross-tabulation and correspondence analysis show that postmodern and classic causes are tightly connected to lifestyle, which represents the central theme of the current study based on the results of a Hungarian representative online survey. A certain limitation is that our research is based on the case of Hungary; however, the introduced methodology can be used in general for identifying and evaluating non-travelers. As research implications, the authors believe that the methodology and results can be used by the actors of the tourism supply market and by decision makers as well, especially for segmenting purposes. If we understand who the non-tourists or non-travelers are, we can, on the one hand, determine the latent tourism potential of a tourism destination; on the other hand, we can also receive information on specific market segments, which could contribute to sustainable tourism mostly because of the postmodern causes for non-traveling.

Emerging Rural Centers, Territorial Projects, Regional Development Players and Prospects. The Case of the Province of Zagora (Morocco)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Abdelaaziz El-Araby ◽  
Ali Faleh
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Territorial Development ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rural Exodus ◽  
Local Levels

AbstractThe articulation between the national, regional and local levels is one of the main thrusts that decision-makers and stakeholders are increasingly involved in when designing and implementing development visions and strategies. Indeed, the descending approach gives way gradually to the ascending approach; the revision of legislation relating to the management of public affairs (municipal charter, law on the region...), the creation of a number of support institutions (development agencies) and the project of “advanced regionalization”, are aspects of these evolutions. On the other hand, if these efforts are aimed at reducing dysfunctions between regional and intra-regional areas, the reality is that the national territory still suffers from an imbalance between the favored and other disadvantaged regions. In addition, rural exodus and urban growth have profoundly modified territorial relations: social inequalities are widening and imbalances between the rural and the urban are increasing. The present communication seeks to raise some avenues that will ensure a good structuring of the territory of a fragile zone such as the province of Zagora. This is a case study of the role of the Emerging Rural Centers, as intermediate spaces, in the articulation, revitalization and territorial development of the Drâa Tafilalet region. In fact, this new less studied terminology has been the subject of a theoretical framing concerning its definition as well as an outline of criteria for the identification and ranking of the Emerging Rural Centers applicable to the other territories. The roles of the actors in rural development and the place assigned to the CRE for the articulation of the territory of the province of Zagora.

An anatomy of innovation: its evolution and present state

1982 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 175-191
Author(s):  
Willem Dijkhuis
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Present State ◽  
Information Age ◽  
The State ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
To Come

All truly relevant thinking about innovation presupposes an attitude towards the passing of time and implies an awareness of the state of the threads within the fabric of societies as they existed before they were changed by innovation. Both this attitude and this awareness are based largely on information as digested by the student of innovation over his years as a reflecting individual. On the other hand. and more directly, one can show that information and its links with language also play the role of a necessary condition and ingredient for any mnova tion to come about in specific temporal settings. These Janus-like aspects of information and time as they are embedded in the innovative processes may be key reasons for the elusive characteristics that technological innovation presently seems to have for policy- and decision-makers. A sense for the effects of history, not always easily traceable in R & D circles, seems to be indispensable for the creation of fertilising assessments of the evolution, present state and future of innovative process - particularly in an age which takes pride in calling itself the 'information age'.

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