Prioritising public spaces architectural strategies for autistic users

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pariya Sheykhmaleki ◽  
Seyed Abbas Agha Yazdanfar ◽  
Sanaz Litkouhi ◽  
Masoumeh Nazarian ◽  
Andrew David Freeman Price
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Child ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Theoretical Test ◽  
Two Stages

PurposeAccording to architectural research, modifying environmental features has the potential to create an appropriate sensory environment for autistic children. Considering the design of public environments, it is difficult to accommodate the diverse requirements of each autistic child. The main objective of this paper is to find out the most prevalent architectural strategies and to prioritise them for the design of the public spaces addressing autistic children's needs.Design/methodology/approachThis research is designed in two stages: (1) descriptive approach in which architectural strategies are extracted from theories on autism design to determine a theoretical test module; and (2) quantitative approach in which the frequency of gained strategies are studied in two groups of references: general references and key references (i.e. most cited and well-reputed researchers in autism architecture) while universal design strategies and the timeline of each strategy is considered for the conclusion.FindingsThe following strategies were highly significant: (1) acoustical control, (2) visual control, (3) legibility, (4) safety and security, (5) predictable spaces. Acoustic was frequently considered in both control and general groups while it was highlighted in timeline study and universal design strategies.Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation is that these strategies have been prioritised according to their frequency in some limited articles and a control group including the pioneer of autism design researchers while verifying these strategies may not be strong enough. Likewise, the conclusion related to these data cannot be accurate enough. Establishing a case study survey that provides an opportunity to test all these strategies directly on a majority of autistic children and measure their prevalence is advised. Finally, it should be considered that although the five mentioned strategies are all the most prevalent strategies among autistic children, as each autistic child differs from others, generalising the conclusion for all the public area would be impossible, as though we need to study it for each group of them.Originality/valueSeeking to improve the strategies' prioritisation as determined by previous researchers, this article aims to define the most essential strategies categories in this field to eliminate the confusion of researchers and designers.

Two facets of pride and knowledge hiding: an empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myat Su Han ◽  
Daniel Peter Hampson ◽  
Yonggui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Moral Emotions ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adverse Experiences ◽  
Hiding Behavior ◽  
Recruitment And Selection ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Knowledge Hiding ◽  
Authentic Pride

Purpose This study aims to investigate whether or not the two facets of pride, hubristic and authentic, are associated with knowledge hiding. Design/methodology/approach This study collects survey data (N = 343) from one of the leading information technology (IT) companies in Myanmar at two stages with a two-month interval. This study uses multiple regression analyses to test this study’s hypotheses. Findings Results reveal that hubristic pride is positively related to knowledge hiding, whereas the relationship between authentic pride and knowledge hiding is negative. These relationships are contingent upon the level of employees’ self-efficacy. Research limitations/implications This study suggests that managers should include measures for moral emotions in their recruitment and selection criteria. Furthermore, the authors suggest that managers should design strategies to induce moral emotions at the workplace and enhance personal resources (e.g. self-efficacy), which have an instrumental effect in maximizing the prosocial facet of pride (i.e. authentic pride) as well as minimizing adverse experiences of the antisocial facet of pride (i.e. hubristic pride), thereby reducing knowledge hiding. Originality/value The findings shed light on the significance of the inclusion of emotional variables in understanding employees’ knowledge hiding. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first empirical study to examine the combined effect of emotive and cognitive variables in predicting knowledge hiding by demonstrating that hubristic pride only mitigates knowledge hiding behavior among high self-efficacious employees.

scholarly journals Post-pandemic scenarios and design strategies for public spaces transformation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Galluzo ◽  
Ambra Borin
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Collective Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Urban Transformations

Almost two years later of a pandemic condition, one thing is sure: the pandemic will change permanently the world and its systems. Nowadays, the reflection on public space is crucial within a more sustainable and inclusive development at urban scale, amplified also by the ongoing experience of the pandemic that still presents. Public space is a real opportunity to test new urban and social models, thus becoming a principal catalyst for positive changes in the entire urban context. It is therefore necessary to re-establish a relationship between the public space and its inhabitants, providing a system of proximity by highlighting the human and non-human dimensions and consequently connecting services, relationships, and opportunities. Acting in public space is the first step in the development of innovative urban transformations, generated by collaborative phenomena working in the collective interest. The use of participatory practices within the design processes favors the reconnection between people and territory, generating a shared sense of belonging that leads to taking care of one's own places. The reversibility of the intervention and its adaptability are key characteristics that allow experimenting with new ways of experiencing public spaces and responding to unforeseen experiences, thus accommodating the inevitable changes in society. This scientific contribution aims to set forward distinctive points of view on the planning strategies implemented in the pandemic and post-pandemic period to achieve intelligent transformations on a small and large urban scale with an impact from short to long-term; hence shaping the future cities.

scholarly journals Concept formation in the speaking autistic child

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Noach
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Concept Formation ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Autistic Group ◽  
Different Levels

The aim of this investigation was to determine the structure of concept formation on different levels of its development in speaking autistic children. A modified form of the Hanfmann-Kasanin Test of concept formation was administered to four female speaking autistic children. A control group was selected for comparative purposes. It was established by a qualitative analysis according to Vygotsky's theory that the autistic group was uniformly inferior to the normal group in their capacity for concept formation. It was concluded that these children showed an impairment in concept formation.

scholarly journals VAIKŲ, TURINČIŲ AUTIZMO SINDROMĄ, TĖVŲ IR MOTINŲ DEPRESYVUMAS

Psichologija ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Elena Mickevičienė ◽  
Liuda Šinkariova ◽  
Aidas Perminas
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Gender And Age

Straipsnyje pateikiami abiejų tėvų, kurie augina vaiką, turintį autizmo sindromą, ir kontrolinės grupės tėvų, auginančių normalios raidos vaiką, depresyvumo ypatumai. Analizuodami depresyvumą, kalbame apie tam tikrą ikiklinikinių nuotaikos būsenų intensyvumą, pasireiškiantį liūdesiu, pesimizmu ir aktyvumo sumažėjimu.Tyrimo tikslas – palyginti tėvų ir motinų, auginančių vaikus, kuriems diagnozuotas autizmas, depresyvumo raiškos skirtumus atsižvelgiant į socialinius demografinius veiksnius. Tyrime dalyvavo motinos ir tėvai, auginantys vaikus, turinčius autizmo sindromą. Kontrolinė grupė atrinkta atitinkamai pagal autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko ir jo tėvų lytį bei amžių – tai motinos ir tėvai, auginantys normalios raidos vaikus. Tyrime depresyvumo lygiui įvertinti buvo naudojama Zungo depresijos (Zung-SRD) skalė. Papildomai buvo pateikiami klausimai apie socialinius demografinius veiksnius: tiriamojo amžių, išsilavinimą, užimtumą, šeimos sudėtį bei vaiko, kuriam diagnozuotas autizmas, amžių, lytį, užimtumą, autizmo sutrikimo sunkumo laipsnį.Buvo nustatyta, kad šeimoje, auginančioje vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, motinų ir tėvų depresyvumas pasireiškia vienodai. Tėvų ir motinų, auginančių autizmo sindromą turintį vaiką, depresyvumas yra didesnis nei normalios raidos vaiko tėvų ir motinų. Abiejų tėvų, auginančių vaiką, kuriam būdingas autizmo sindromas, depresyvumas nėra susijęs su amžiumi ir išsilavinimu. Autizmo sindromą turinčio vaiko amžius skirtingai siejasi su abiejų tėvų depresyvumo lygiu: tėvų depresyvumas didesnis, kai autizmo sindromą turintis vaikas yra 8–11 metų, o motinų depresyvumas didesnis šį sutrikimą turinčio vaiko paauglystės laikotarpiu (12–18 m.).Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaikai, turintys autizmo sindromą, tėvas, motina, depresyvumas.Depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorderElena Mickevičienė, Liuda Šinkariova, Aidas Perminas SummaryParenting a child with autism spectrum disorder is stressful for many reasons: difficulty with diagnosis, lack of information about autism and its treatment, deficit of social support, etc. It is impossible to review all the problems experienced by parents, so our study focused on depression in both parents of an autistic child.The purpose of this work was to compare depression in fathers and mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and to compare our findings with results of the control group, i.e. parents of a normally developing child. Depression in our study indicates the intensity of the preclinical state of mind, manifested by sadness, pessimism and a decrease of activity.120 persons participated in the study, 72 (60%) of them being mothers and 48 (40%) fathers of autistic children raging from 3 to 18 years of age. Control group consisted of 69 mothers (57.5%) and 51 fathers (42.5%) of normally developing children of the same age, selected in accordance with the gender and age of autistic children as well as the gender and age of their parents. The age of the participants ranged from 25 to 60 years (mean 39, SD 6.55).For evaluation of depression, we employed Cung’s depression scale. Additional questions on social-demographic factors were also included: age, education and employment status of participants; family composition; age and gender of child with diagnosed autism and occupation.The results showed that depression in mothers and fathers with autistic children did not differ. Both parents of an autistic child had a higher depression than both parents of normally developing children (p = 0,001). The age and education of parents with autistic children did not correlate with depression. The age of the autistic child correlated with depression of both parents differently: when an autistic child was 3–7 years old, depression in fathers and mothers did not differ; when an autistic child was 8–11 years old, depression in fathers was higher than in mothers; during adolescence of an autistic child, the difference of depression persised, but its direction was opposite, mothers showing a higher depression than fathers.There are several limitations to this study. We should note that the sample does not represent the population of families with autistic children. Also, Cung’s depression scale might not be the best scale to evaluate depression in these families. Another limitation is that we did not consider all circumstances, such as marital status, gender of children, occupation of parents and children, individual characteristics, social support and the degree of severity of autism. Findings of this study require further researche. However, the results indicate that parents of an autistic child need special understanding and support.Keywords: autistic child, mother, father, depression.

Evaluation of a Language Program for Young Autistic Children

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Bloch ◽  
Elayne Gersten ◽  
Susan Kornblurn
Keyword(s):  
Autistic Child ◽  
Development Program ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Interpersonal Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Language Program ◽  
Experimental Subjects ◽  
One Year

This report presents retrospective data comparing an individualized language development program for preschool autistic children receiving language remediation (experimental subjects) with a group receiving the basic school curriculum only (control subjects). All findings favored the language remediation group, as indicated: (1) experimental subjects made significant gains in one year while the control group required two years; (2) after one year, experimental subjects surpassed controls on four measures; (3) only experimental subjects made significant gains in communicative speech, noteworthy because interpersonal interaction is so difficult for the autistic child; and (4) after two years, 58% of the experimental subjects, but only 14% of the controls, had mastered all seven skills. These results support the hypothesis that an individualized language remediation program facilitates the acquisition of prelinguistic and linguistic skills.

scholarly journals Performative interventions to re-claim, re-define and produce public space in different cultural and political contexts

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 718-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amro Yaghi ◽  
Doina Petrescu ◽  
Krzysztof Nawratek
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Spatial Practice ◽  
Political Access ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Private Corporations ◽  
Critical Production

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to ask how forms of “performative” interventions can prompt processes of re-thinking, which can, in turn, instigate the critical production of public space. Most importantly, it also asks how this methodology can manifest within various cultural and political contexts. Today, public spaces tend to be controlled either by the state or by private corporations. Neoliberal policies promote commercial interests, which subsequently drives inequality and determines what can and cannot be accessed by the public. The public spaces that are currently present in the neoliberal cities are, in fact, “pseudo” public spaces. Design/methodology/approach In an attempt to form new understandings of this problem, the authors’ approach is rooted in feminist theories of performativity, which focus on how identities are persistently re-produced through performance. These theories consider how the “self” is always entangled within everyday life interactions and how it is shaped by both societal and bodily practices. Framing spaces as shapable, informed by the embodied dialectic relations between spaces and social relations, the study uses forms of performative methodology to create productive disruptions and “constructed situations” (Debord, 2012). This methodology consists of intervention within these spaces in order to produce alternative public space and forms of publicness. Based on research conducted at the Sheffield School of Architecture, as well as a four-day invited workshop at the Floating University Berlin, this study investigates applications of performative practice methodology in the cities of Amman and Berlin. Findings The paper will begin by exploring how the two cities are regulated through various political and planning policies that affect public spaces. This line of enquiry will also involve questioning physical, social and political access to public space in these contexts and analysing the various actants, performative actions and processes that were involved in producing performative interventions. Originality/value The paper will conclude by discussing the potential and limitations of applying and translating such approaches in public spaces within different cultural and political contexts. As such, the study proposes a new methodological framework for re-thinking and provoking the critical production of public space through forms of performative spatial practice.

Rhythms of being together: public space in Urban Tajikistan through the lens of rhythmanalysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 533-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wladimir Sgibnev
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Housing Estate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Central Asian

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify, describe and critically assess public space in the Central Asian republic of Tajikistan, recurring to Henri Lefebvre’s concept of rhythmanalysis. Design/Methodology/Approach – The empirical findings are based on ethnographic fieldwork on a courtyard in a housing estate in Khujand in northern Tajikistan. Findings – The paper argues that an analytic dichotomy between the private and the public realm conceals more than it reveals, for the Central Asian case at least. The rhythmanalysis framework is presented as a possible solution to the deficiencies of dichotomic categories. Originality/value – Even if we find a series of scholarly works dealing with (post-)Soviet and/or Central Asian public spaces, they very scarcely provide a critical assessment of the roots and the usefulness of this concept for the regional setting they work in. The paper strives to close this gap and to present Henri Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis framework as a possible solution for overcoming dichotomic categories.

Difficulties for enjoyment of public spaces by residents: Maldonado-Punta del Este conurbation

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Dolores Sánchez-Fernández ◽  
Daniel Álvarez-Bassi ◽  
Jose Ramon Cardona
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to determine whether the various types of negative impacts have an effect on the general attitude toward tourism and the difficulty for the enjoyment of public spaces. Design/methodology/approach It is a quantitative study that analyzes the causal relationships between variables through structural equation models. This study uses data from a sample of 420 residents from Maldonado and Punta del Este. Findings The result obtained shows that only the cultural loss is significant to explain the residents’ attitudes. On the other hand, the cultural loss, the environmental deterioration and the saturation are significant to explain the difficulties for the enjoyment of public spaces. Research limitations/implications The main limitations are the fact of performing the analysis in a specific destination with peculiarities that may affect the results and the representativeness of the sample used. Practical implications The enjoyment of public spaces is a good indicator of the perception of negative impacts, so managers of urban tourist destinations can use this element as an indicator of quick consultation on residents’ attitudes. Originality/value It is a study that focuses on the negative impacts of tourism and its effect on the public spaces. The importance of public spaces in tourist destinations is under studied.

scholarly journals The Effect of Applied Behavior Analysis on the Gross Motor Development of Autistic Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (T4) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Atik Badi’ah ◽  
Ni Ketut Mendri ◽  
Bondan Palestin ◽  
Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Analysis ◽  
Applied Behavior Analysis ◽  
Autistic Child ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Gross Motor ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Gross Motor Development

BACKGROUND: Autistic children have abilities and characteristics that are different from each other, so different ways of interacting the environment autistic children individuals. The development of autistic children both physically, emotionally, intellectually, and psychosocially has a problem that results in the inhibition of children reaching a level of gross motor development that is appropriate to their age. Stimulation applied behavior analysis (ABA) in children with autism includes gross motor, fine motor, emotional, social, language, informational, and practical supports. An autistic child will feel that he is loved and wanted if more and more people in the family environment love and care for him. Based on this preliminary study, interviewing eight autistic schools in the provinces of DIY and Ponorogo, East Java, to 16 parents who have autistic children, the majority of parents (93%) think that by entering autistic children into a special school (SLB) in accordance with its limitations mean that their efforts can be said to be enough. Not all parents realize that stimulating and accompanying children with special needs can maximize gross motor development. AIM: This study aims to assess the effect of stimulation ABA on the gross motor development of children with autism. METHODS: Quasi-experiment “Pre-Post Control Group Design” was used in this study. The first observation is to determine the gross motor development of an autistic child before being given stimulation ABA and the second observation after being given the ABA stimulation. Samples were recruited using a purposive sampling technique with the criteria of parents and autistic children aged 6–12 years in the autistic schools of the provinces of Yogyakarta and Ponorogo, East Java. T-test and Wilcoxon applied in this study with significance level was <0.05. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Result of data analysis showed in the experiment group before intervention, the category of the gross motor is enough category and after intervention, the category was high. Meanwhile, in the control group, there is no differences category between pre test and post test. there is a difference of the gross motor development of autistic children in intervention group and control group with p value 0.001 and 0.004 respectively. CONCLUSION: There is an effect of stimulation ABA on the gross motor development of autistic children in autistic schools with p (sig.) <0.05 means that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Incorporation of Universal Design Parameters in the Planning Approval Process of Kisumu Main Bus Terminus

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Ahonobadha Marilyn Ochieng’ ◽  
George Mark Onyango ◽  
George Godwin Wagah
Keyword(s):  
Universal Design ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kisumu City ◽  
Physical Stature ◽  
Design Perspective ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Space Requirements

Consideration of the normate template by designers usually leads to the production of living spaces that fail to meet most of the spatial requirements of would-be users. This phenomenon arises due to the fact that the normate template keeps a walking and fleshy body at the centre of thinking about design. As a result, the template fails to consider additional space requirements for bodies that use technologies to navigate space. In order to sustain itself, the normate template relies upon the impression that normates are normal, average, and majority bodies. When built-up spaces block out potential users, then the viewpoint which is reinforced is that certain spaces are meant only for those who are “privileged” to use these spaces independently. The presence of accessible spaces on the other hand confirms that designers hold that built environments should serve all potential users regardless of physical stature. Universal Design thereby provides a platform for making the weakest person in society strong through design. Embracement of a Universal Design perspective therefore becomes a stepping stone in the provision of public spaces that are accessible to all- regardless of physical stature. This study, therefore, evaluated the incorporation of Universal Design parameters in the design process of public spaces in Kisumu City. The study established that Universal Design requirements are usually executed only on new constructions. There is a need, therefore for major renovations to take place in buildings open to the public that are not necessarily classified as “new” constructions.

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