Development of the destination food image scale (DFIS) and examination of measurement invariance by gender

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Görür ◽  
Cem Oktay Güzeller
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scale Adaptation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Food Image ◽  
Image Component

PurposeThe main purpose of this study is to create a reliable and valid scale to assess the destination food image perceived by the tourists regarding the food in Turkey within the cognitive and affective image component framework. In line with this purpose, both scale development and scale adaptation studies are conducted, and measurement invariance of the scale for gender is analyzed.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the survey model among quantitative research methods. Scale development processes are used to assess the cognitive image; the construct validity is analyzed with exploratory factor analysis (n = 328), confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425) and convergent and discriminant validity. Scale adaptation processes are followed to assess the affective image, and construct validity is tested with confirmatory factor analysis (n = 425). The reliability of both scales is investigated with Cronbach's alpha. Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) analysis is conducted for measurement invariance for gender.FindingsConstruct validity and reliability provided the desired values in all processes. Measurement invariance results proved that the scale does not change according to genders.Research limitations/implicationsThe data obtained in this study have geographical limitations, and the data represent tourists visiting Antalya, an important tourism destination in Turkey.Practical implicationsThe scale will provide concrete information about the destination food image and help practitioners to test the model and develop future strategies for the destination.Originality/valueThis study presents an integrated approach to understanding the destination food image and expands theoretical and empirical evidence by creating a scale that measures both cognitive and affective image component. Scale-invariant shows that there is no item bias for analyzed gender and contributes to generalizability.

scholarly journals Altruistic Attitudes Among Older Adults: Examining Construct Validity and Measurement Invariance of a New Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirth R Bhatta ◽  
Eva Kahana ◽  
Nirmala Lekhak ◽  
Boaz Kahana ◽  
Elizabeth Midlarsky
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Partial Metric ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background and Objectives Scholarly research has established the role of altruism in facilitating human cooperation and prosocial behaviors and highlighted its contribution to psychological well-being. Given the health significance of altruistic attitudes and orientations, we developed a valid and reliable measure of this construct that is suitable for use with older adults. Research Design and Methods Based on data from a long-term panel study on adaptation to frailty among older adults (n = 366; mean age = 86 years), we used confirmatory factor analysis to perform construct validation of a five-item Elderly Care Research Center (ECRC) Altruism Scale among older adults (e.g., “Seeing others prosper makes me happy”). Moreover, we examined the invariance of the scale’s factor structure across time and gender using nested models. Results Composite reliability (coefficient omega = 0.78), factor loadings (>0.45 with eigenvalue = 2.84) from exploratory factor analysis, and model fit indices (e.g., comparative fit index = 0.999) from confirmatory factor analysis suggest a single factor, supporting a unidimensional reliable construct of altruistic orientation at baseline. The results provided support for configural, metric, and scalar invariance across time. Findings pertaining to measurement invariance across gender confirmed full configural invariance but only offered support for partial metric, scalar, and residual invariance at baseline. Strong correlations among the altruism scale, salient personality traits, psychological well-being, religiosity, and meaning in life help establish construct validity. Discussion and Implications The availability of a reliable and valid measure of altruistic attitudes enables a comprehensive evaluation of altruism’s influence on later-life health and well-being.

An Updated Paradigm for Scale Development Incorporating Unidimensionality and Its Assessment

1988 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Gerbing ◽  
James C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The authors outline an updated paradigm for scale development that incorporates confirmatory factor analysis for the assessment of unidimensionality. Under this paradigm, item-total correlations and exploratory factor analysis are used to provide preliminary scales. The unidimensionality of each scale then is assessed simultaneously with confirmatory factor analysis. After unidimensional measurement has been acceptably achieved, the reliability of each scale is assessed. Additional evidence for construct validity beyond the establishment of unidimensionality then can be provided by embedding the unidimensional sets of indicators within a nomological network defined by the complete structural model.

scholarly journals Scale Development Study for Academic Title Perception

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Sevim Öztürk ◽  
Celalettin Korkmaz
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Scale Development ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Alpha Reliability

In this study, it is aimed to develop a scale tool (validity and reliability were tested) in order to determine the faculty members’ perceptions on their academic titles. The scale development study was started with a literature review, thus a draft form was developed. The draft form which consists of 42 articles were presented to the specialists to receive their opinions. In line with the feedbacks from the specialists, the content validity rates of items were determined. The items which had value under .80 content validity rate were excluded from the content of the study. Therefore, remaining 30 items trial form were applied to 195 faculty members who are working in the İnönü and Hatay Mustafa Kemal Universities. In the analysis of the research data, descriptive and predictive statistical methods were used. In the process of developing the scale; construct validity, content validity, scale validity, retest-test reliability, two-half reliability and Cronbach’s alpha reliability were tested. For the construct validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used. Based on the principal components analysis, it is seen that the articles of the scale can be gathered in a single factor or in five factors according to goodness of fit indicators in confirmatory factor analysis. In the confirmatory factor analysis, when the scale is considered as 5 dimensional, the standard fit indices are acceptable. Cronbach’s alpha reliability, retest-test reliability and two half reliability coefficients have also the values that show the scale is reliable. The findings that obtained as a result of the study show that the Academic Title Perception Scale can be used as a valid and reliable scale tool which can determine the perceptions of the faculty members about their academic titles.

512 Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Sleep Inertia Questionnaire in a Clinical Sample with Sleep Disorders

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A201-A202
Author(s):  
Kristina Puzino ◽  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
Allison Harvey ◽  
Julio Fernandez-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Sleep Inertia ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Introduction The Sleep Inertia Questionnaire (SIQ) was developed and validated in patients with mood disorders to evaluate difficulties with becoming fully awake after nighttime sleep or daytime naps in a multidimensional manner. However, few data are available regarding its psychometric properties in clinical samples with sleep disorders. Methods 211 patients (43.0±16.4 years old, 68% female, 17% minority) evaluated at the Behavioral Sleep Medicine (BSM) program of Penn State Health Sleep Research & Treatment Center completed the SIQ. All patients were diagnosed using ICSD-3 criteria, with 111 receiving a diagnosis of chronic insomnia disorder (CID), 48 of a central disorder of hypersomnolence (CDH), and 52 of other sleep disorders (OSD). Structural equation modelling was used to conduct confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the SIQ. Results CFA supported four SIQ dimensions of “physiological”, “cognitive”, “emotional” and “response to” (RSI) sleep inertia with adequate goodness-of-fit (TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, GFI=0.85, RMSEA=0.08). Internal consistency was high (α=0.94), including that of its dimensions (physiological α=0.89, cognitive α=0.94, emotional α=0.67, RSI α=0.78). Dimension inter-correlations were moderate to high (r=0.42–0.93, p<0.01), indicating good construct validity. Convergent validity showed moderate correlations with Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) scores (r=0.38) and large correlations with Flinders fatigue scale (FFS) scores (r=0.65). Criterion validity showed significantly (p<0.01) higher scores in subjects with CDH (69.0±16.6) as compared to those with CID (54.4±18.3) or OSD (58.5±20.0). A SIQ cut-off score ≥57.5 provided a sensitivity/specificity of 0.77/0.65, while a cut-off score ≥61.5 provided a sensitivity/specificity of 0.71/0.70 to identify CDH vs. ESS<10 (AUC=0.76). Conclusion The SIQ shows satisfactory indices of reliability and construct validity in a clinically-diverse sleep disorders sample. Its criterion validity is supported by its divergent association with hypersomnia vs. insomnia disorders, as well as its adequate sensitivity/specificity to identify patients with CDH. The SIQ can help clinicians easily assess the complex dimensionality of sleep inertia and target behavioral sleep treatments. Future studies should confirm the best SIQ cut-off score by including good sleeping controls, while clinical studies should determine its minimal clinically important difference after pharmacological or behavioral treatments. Support (if any):

Psychometric Properties of the Modified Social Environment Questionnaire in Chinese Older Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Man Leung ◽  
Pak-Kwong Chung ◽  
Tin-Lok Yuen ◽  
Jing Dong Liu ◽  
Donggen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

This study evaluated the psychometric properties of a Chinese version of the 24-item Social Environment Questionnaire (SEQ-C). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to examine the factor validity and measurement invariance (Purpose 1) of the SEQ-C in 453 older adults in Hong Kong. Convergent validity (Purpose 2) and test–retest reliability (Purpose 3) were also measured. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance supported the four-factor structure (representing companionship, encouragement, neighborhood social cohesion, and role models) of the SEQ-C, in a 15-item model that closely fitted the data. The SEQ-C was also found to have acceptable to satisfactory internal consistency, test–retest reliability, composite reliability, and moderate convergent validity in correlating perceived social support. This study showed that the SEQ-C is a suitable means of measuring the social environments of older adults in Hong Kong.

scholarly journals Validation of the Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised Scale in Chinese Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 3959
Author(s):  
Wenjie Li ◽  
Linting Zhang ◽  
Ning Jia ◽  
Feng Kong
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Predictive Validity ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Smartphone Addiction ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Chinese Undergraduates

The Hedonic and Eudaimonic Motives for Activities-Revised scale (HEMA-R) is one of the most extensively used instruments to assess how people pursue well-being. The main aims of the present research were to translate HEMA-R into Chinese and test its construct and predictive validity as well as measurement invariance across gender. In Study 1, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis with data containing 1090 Chinese undergraduates, and replicated the two-factor model which has been found in other studies. Furthermore, the measurement invariance across gender was supported throughout the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. Study 2 replicated these results and further found the HEMA-R had satisfactory predictive validity in measures of well-being, social support and smartphone addiction. All the findings indicate that the HEMA-R is reliable and valid to measure hedonic and eudaimonic motives, and it could be applied generally across gender in Chinese adults.

Examining the influences of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity on consumers' perception of luxury

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xujia Wang ◽  
Billy Sung ◽  
Ian Phau
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Luxury Market ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate how exclusivity and rarity (natural versus virtual) influence consumers' perceptions of luxury. Further, it examines whether exclusivity and rarity can function as distinct marketing strategies in today's luxury market environment.Design/methodology/approachOnline questionnaires were administered by adapting developed scales from prior research. Research stimuli were chosen from three luxury categories including bags, wine and cruise. Confirmatory factor analysis and multiple regressions were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results confirmed that exclusivity, natural rarity and virtual rarity were perceived as relatively distinct constructs among our sample. Findings also highlighted that perceived natural rarity (PNR) has consistently emerged as a positive and significant contributor to consumers' perceptions of luxury across all three luxury categories. The influence of perceived exclusivity (PE) on perceptions of luxury has also shown to be significant for two product categories (luxury bag and luxury wine), whereas perceived virtual rarity (PVR) did not show any significant effects across all three categories.Practical implicationsThe results indicate that consumers perceive natural rarity, virtual rarity and exclusivity as relatively distinctive marketing strategies. This suggests that luxury businesses can adopt each strategy independently to achieve desired marketing outcomes.Originality/valueThis study offers theoretical support for the proposition that exclusivity and rarity may have different functions in luxury marketing implementations. It provides empirical evidence showing the distinctiveness of perceived exclusivity and perceived rarity, which have not be done in previous research.

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