Innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Medeiros ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
Anderson Rei Galvão ◽  
Vitor Braga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore which factors of entrepreneurship and innovation influence economic development under the quadruple helix model, contrasting Southern and Northern Europe. Design/methodology/approach In this study, secondary data are collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor databases, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and Global Competitiveness Index, for four countries in the North and four Southern European countries, for the period from 2007 to 2015. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software and subjected to several multivariate statistical tests. Findings The results show a statistically significant difference in the variables of the four quadruple helix model dimensions. This means that Northern European countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden) display better results on innovation and entrepreneurship than Southern European countries (Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal). The results also showed that per capita gross domestic expenditure on R&D is positively related to government and university dimensions, with significant differences between Southern and Northern European countries. Originality/value It is hoped that this study will contribute to new evidence on the factors of innovation and entrepreneurship that are decisive for economic development. To the traditional quadruple helix model, control variables were added to meet the endogenous characteristics of the countries.

A quadruple helix model of entrepreneurship, innovation and stages of economic development

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderson Galvão ◽  
Carla Mascarenhas ◽  
Ricardo Gouveia Rodrigues ◽  
Carla Susana Marques ◽  
Carmem Teresa Leal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Stages Of Economic Development ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the role of entrepreneurship in economic development based on the four dimensions of the quadruple helix model (Government, University, Enterprise and Society) in relation to the three stages of economy defined by the GEM (innovation-, efficiency- and factor-driven economies). In this context, the authors considered a set of variables that allowed them to measure and verify the stimulus that the four helixes represent in economic development. Design/methodology/approach This study was supported on secondary data from the GEM platform for 58 countries, for 2015. SPSS software was used to analyze data, which allowed the use of the ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests, as well as the generalized linear regression. Findings The results show that in the factor-driven economies, there is a greater influence by the industry, while in the efficiency-driven economies, there is homogeneity among the four dimensions, highlighting only the variables “R&D transfer” and “Entrepreneurial Intention”. Because of the constant need for innovation to become more competitive, in the innovation-driven economies, business and government are the most important dimensions. Research limitations/implications Both in the scientific community with future empirical studies that can confirm the relevance of this model to better understanding which dimensions of quadruple helix improve economic development, and in the governmental community, to serve for policies and strategies that stimulate entrepreneurship to foster the transition from one stage of economic development to another. Originality/value Proposal and test of a quadruple helix model, using the variables available in the GEM database, to the three stages of economic development of the economies that were involved in the GEM.

Smart economic development patterns in Europe: interaction with competitiveness

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurgita Bruneckienė ◽  
Jonas Rapsikevičius ◽  
Mantas Lukauskas ◽  
Ineta Zykienė ◽  
Robertas Jucevičius
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the smart economic development (SED) patterns in Europe in relation to competitiveness. Motivational focus corresponds to global events: the fourth industrial revolution, transition to a low-carbon economy, economic shocks (such as the 2008 financial crisis, Brexit or the coronavirus pandemic), which requires rethinking development policies, targeting competitiveness increase and reducing imbalances in economic development. Design/methodology/approach The analysis includes self-organising neural networks cluster analysis and correlations, comparative analysis of SED indicators structure and cumulative index estimation with World Economic Forum (WEF) global competitiveness index. The panel data set of 19 years from 2000 to 2018 for 30 European countries. Findings Overall, cross-country examination suggests that European countries of higher competitiveness illustrate higher estimates in SED. The key determinants are juridical fairness, social responsibility, competence building, intelligence and welfare employment to develop smart patterns for reaching higher competitiveness. Research limitations/implications The limitations relate to the particular sample of European countries and gathering statistical data and a methodology of the SED index calculation. In addition, the paper contains a macroeconomic environment focus on competitiveness estimation. Further research may be improved with micro and mezzo environment incorporation at a cross-country analysis level. Practical implications By linking well-known terms of competitiveness and economic development with a concept of smartness, new approaches to policymaking emerged. The methodology presented in this paper has implications for territorial cohesion policies, competitiveness and branching strategies. The combination of SED sub-indexes and WEF GCI might aid a more accurate ex ante measurement. Social implications The findings are essential for fostering a smart approach in economic development for long-term competitiveness. Originality/value This paper provides original empirical evidence about the relationship between SED and competitiveness and adds new knowledge that smartness becomes a way for building countries’ competitiveness by identified two profiles of SED patterns by development stages, namely, integrated to economic development and institutional-based which is divided to focus and balanced.

From translational research to open technology innovation systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Savory ◽  
Joyce Fortune
Keyword(s):  
Translational Research ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Technology Innovation ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to question whether the emphasis placed within translational research on a linear model of innovation provides the most effective model for managing health technology innovation. Several alternative perspectives are presented that have potential to enhance the existing model of translational research. A case study is presented of innovation of a clinical decision support system. The paper concludes from the case study that an extending the triple helix model of technology transfer, to one based on a quadruple helix, present a basis for improving the performance translational research. Design/methodology/approach – A case study approach is used to help understand development of an innovative technology within a teaching hospital. The case is then used to develop and refine a model of the health technology innovation system. Findings – The paper concludes from the case study that existing models of translational research could be refined further through the development of a quadruple helix model of heath technology innovation that encompasses greater emphasis on user-led and open innovation perspectives. Research limitations/implications – The paper presents several implications for future research based on the need to enhance the model of health technology innovation used to guide policy and practice. Practical implications – The quadruple helix model of innovation that is proposed can potentially guide alterations to the existing model of translational research in the healthcare sector. Several suggestions are made for how innovation activity can be better supported at both a policy and operational level. Originality/value – This paper presents a synthesis of the innovation literature applied to a theoretically important case of open innovation in the UK National Health Service. It draws in perspectives from other industrial sectors and applies them specifically to the management and organisation of innovation activities around health technology and the services in which they are embedded.

Using the Quadruple Helix Model for evaluation of health science researches

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 723-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shima Moradi ◽  
Firoozeh Dokhani
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Public Media ◽  
Innovation Space ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

PurposeAltmetrics is a complementary method in scientometrics for evaluating the performance of individuals, organizations, institutions and countries in social media. Due to the large volume of data related to the interactions in science, technology and innovation, there is no choice but to develop and implement accurate models for analysis and decision making. The Quadruple Helix Model examines the scientific outcomes in four spaces of innovation, knowledge, consensus and government with a distinctive attention to the “innovation space”. In other words, it aims to find the connection between the academic space and other sectors of a society (public, media and government) to see if scientific outputs respond appropriately to their needs.Design/methodology/approachThe present paper studied the impact of health-related researches in D8 countries) including Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt and Nigeria) using the Altmetrics scores of their indexed journal in the Web of Science (WOS). The results demonstrated distribution of interactions of the mentioned four spaces in health science researches in terms of social media, geographical distribution and theme for D8 countries. This was conducted using content analysis, scientometric and altmetric indicators in the WOS and Altmetrics.com databases.FindingsIn D8 countries, more interaction has taken place in the knowledge and innovation spaces; however, there exist Quadruple imbalances in these countries. Moreover, some interactions have been observed in all social networks, displaying that users consider health topics in D8 countries, and clinical sciences has gotten more interaction in all the four spaces.Originality/valueThe application of this model using altmetrics data with current approach has been conducted for the first time.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Demand Shocks in Order to Reduce Current Account Imbalances in the EMU

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Séverine Menguy
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Demand Shock ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Account Imbalances

With the current European sovereign public debt crisis and current account imbalances difficulties in the EMU, many papers now underline that the problem of the European construction is its lack of institutional framework and common economic governance necessary to make a monetary union viable. According to these papers, the solution would lie in a stronger economic cooperation, with the Northern European countries contributing to lighten the burden of the Southern debtor countries. In this context, our model shows that a symmetric positive demand shock in the EMU could only slightly reduce the external indebtedness of the Southern European countries but would efficiently reduce their public debt levels. To the contrary, an asymmetric positive demand shock in the creditor Northern European countries (e.g., an increase in German wages) could reduce the current account deficits of the Southern European countries, in particular for countries with the highest openness to trade. Nevertheless, it would worsen the indebtedness levels, and it would also increase the recessionary risks in these countries.

scholarly journals Economic Development Path of Poland: Innovation and Competitiveness in Light of the Situation of Southern European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Konrad Kubacki ◽  
Agnieszka Słuszniak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Development Path ◽  
Future Economic Development ◽  
European Economies ◽  
Southern European Countries

Abstract The financial crisis of 2007 revealed structural weaknesses in many European countries, particularly in Southern Europe. The goal of this article is to identify the existing economic situation in the four main Southern European countries: Greece, Italy, Portugal, and Spain (GIPS), and in Poland, conduct a comparative analysis of the development paths and competitiveness levels of these countries using statistical data as well as existing scientific literature, and finally to formulate suggestions for a new development path of Poland. The results of the analysis suggest that Poland's development is currently on a turning point, portraying many similarities to Southern European economies after their EU accession, as well as before the crisis. The authors come to a conclusion that unless Poland undertakes crucial reforms, particularly in the field of its innovation system, business environment, implementation of EU funds, and overall strategic long-term planning, it is inevitable that its economic growth will slow down, possibly falling into a middle-income trap. Poland might not avoid the same mistakes of GIPS, that failed to implement adequate reforms in times of economic growth, what today results in suffering from serious consequences. T is paper presents a unique view on the future economic development of Poland in relation to the paths already undertaken by Southern European economies.

Northern EU countries may lose influence post-Brexit

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Inner Circle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Subject The impact of Brexit on northern European countries. Significance The United Kingdom's vote to leave the EU presents a particular challenge to northern EU countries -- some of which are, like the United Kingdom, not members of the euro-area -- as they will lose a powerful ally for a more competitive, fiscally disciplined and globally oriented EU. Impacts Brexit could accelerate a closer economic, financial and fiscal integration of the euro-area, which many non-euro-area capitals oppose. Brexit could widen the gap between an 'inner circle' of euro-area members and a periphery of non-euro ones. The loss of UK contributions to the EU budget means that the burden shouldered by northern EU countries, all net contributors, will rise.

Euro-area reforms will reinforce fiscal consolidation

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Bank Failures ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
National Parliaments ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Southern European Countries

Significance The reforms would allow the ESM, which provides emergency loans to distressed member states, to offer greater assistance to banks and enhance its capacity to design and implement bailout programmes. They will enter into force once ratified by national parliaments. Impacts The reforms will boost confidence in EU markets and reduce the risk of contagion from bank failures. The ESM will remain politically divisive, especially in southern European countries. Pressure will grow on governments to prioritise fiscal consolidation from 2022, threatening to undermine growth in weaker economies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes - are they really comparable?

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Zlatkovic-Svenda ◽  
Roksanda Stojanovic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic-Grujicic ◽  
Marija Radak-Perovic ◽  
Francis Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Introduction/Objective. Increasing spondyloarthritis (SpA) prevalence in the last several decades cannot be attributed to disease manifestations alone. The objective of this paper is to review the prevalence of SpA and its subtypes: ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), SpA related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and undifferentiated SpA (UnSpA). Methods. MEDLINE literature search was done via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases, using terms for spondyloarthritis, and prevalence, with an additional hand searching. Results. As compared with southern European countries, northern European countries (Scotland, Sweden, France) showed lower SpA prevalence rates (0.21?0.45% vs. 1.06% and 1.35% in Italy and Turkey, respectively). The lowest world SpA prevalence was in African and Southeast Asian countries (0?0.19%), and the highest was in Alaska (2.5%). The widest variability in PsA prevalence was in Europe (northern 0.02?0.19%, southern 0.42%). The lowest world PsA prevalence was in Japan (0.001%), followed by China (0.01?0.10%). The European ReA prevalence ranged from 0.04% in Greece to 0.10% in Serbia and Germany, and the European UnSpA prevalence varied from 0.02% in Serbia to 0.67% in Germany; the highest world UnSpA prevalence was in Lebanon (3.4%). Studies aimed at estimating the SpA prevalence differed in sampling strategy and confirmation criteria, different cutoffs for age groups inclusion, presentation of standardized or row results, etc. Conclusion. Variation in the SpA prevalence cannot be attributed to genetic or geographic distribution only. Differences in methodology of studies add to the diversification, described more in-depth in this review.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document