scholarly journals Prevalence of spondyloarthritis and its subtypes - are they really comparable?

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 235-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Zlatkovic-Svenda ◽  
Roksanda Stojanovic ◽  
Sandra Sipetic-Grujicic ◽  
Marija Radak-Perovic ◽  
Francis Guillemin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Search ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Introduction/Objective. Increasing spondyloarthritis (SpA) prevalence in the last several decades cannot be attributed to disease manifestations alone. The objective of this paper is to review the prevalence of SpA and its subtypes: ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), reactive arthritis (ReA), SpA related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and undifferentiated SpA (UnSpA). Methods. MEDLINE literature search was done via PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase databases, using terms for spondyloarthritis, and prevalence, with an additional hand searching. Results. As compared with southern European countries, northern European countries (Scotland, Sweden, France) showed lower SpA prevalence rates (0.21?0.45% vs. 1.06% and 1.35% in Italy and Turkey, respectively). The lowest world SpA prevalence was in African and Southeast Asian countries (0?0.19%), and the highest was in Alaska (2.5%). The widest variability in PsA prevalence was in Europe (northern 0.02?0.19%, southern 0.42%). The lowest world PsA prevalence was in Japan (0.001%), followed by China (0.01?0.10%). The European ReA prevalence ranged from 0.04% in Greece to 0.10% in Serbia and Germany, and the European UnSpA prevalence varied from 0.02% in Serbia to 0.67% in Germany; the highest world UnSpA prevalence was in Lebanon (3.4%). Studies aimed at estimating the SpA prevalence differed in sampling strategy and confirmation criteria, different cutoffs for age groups inclusion, presentation of standardized or row results, etc. Conclusion. Variation in the SpA prevalence cannot be attributed to genetic or geographic distribution only. Differences in methodology of studies add to the diversification, described more in-depth in this review.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Demand Shocks in Order to Reduce Current Account Imbalances in the EMU

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Séverine Menguy
Keyword(s):  
Current Account ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Demand Shock ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Current Account Imbalances ◽  
Openness To Trade ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Account Imbalances

With the current European sovereign public debt crisis and current account imbalances difficulties in the EMU, many papers now underline that the problem of the European construction is its lack of institutional framework and common economic governance necessary to make a monetary union viable. According to these papers, the solution would lie in a stronger economic cooperation, with the Northern European countries contributing to lighten the burden of the Southern debtor countries. In this context, our model shows that a symmetric positive demand shock in the EMU could only slightly reduce the external indebtedness of the Southern European countries but would efficiently reduce their public debt levels. To the contrary, an asymmetric positive demand shock in the creditor Northern European countries (e.g., an increase in German wages) could reduce the current account deficits of the Southern European countries, in particular for countries with the highest openness to trade. Nevertheless, it would worsen the indebtedness levels, and it would also increase the recessionary risks in these countries.

scholarly journals Iron Intake and Status of Children Aged 6-36 Months in Europe: A Systematic Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 80-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Eussen ◽  
Martine Alles ◽  
Lieke Uijterschout ◽  
Frank Brus ◽  
Judith van der Horst-Graat
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Iron Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Iron Intake ◽  
Nutritional Disorder ◽  
Deficiency Anaemia ◽  
Iron Deficient

Background: Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional disorder in the world. Young children are particularly vulnerable to the consequences of iron deficiency because of their rapidly developing brain. This review evaluates the prevalence of inadequate iron intake and iron deficiency (anaemia) in European children aged 6-36 months. Summary: Computerized searches for relevant articles were performed in November 2013. A total of 7,297 citations were screened and 44 studies conducted in 19 European countries were included in this review. In both infants (6-12 months) and young children (12-36 months), the mean value of iron intakes in most countries was close to the RDA. Nevertheless, proportions of inadequate intakes were considerable, ranging from about 10% in the Netherlands up to 50% in Austria, Finland and the United Kingdom. The prevalence of iron deficiency varied between studies and was influenced by children's characteristics. Two to 25% of infants aged 6-12 months were found to be iron deficient, with a higher prevalence in those who were socially vulnerable and those who were drinking cow's milk as a main type of drink in their first year of life. In children aged 12-36 months, prevalence rates of iron deficiency varied between 3 and 48%. Prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in both age groups was high in Eastern Europe, as high as 50%, whereas the prevalence in Western Europe was generally below 5%. Key Messages: In most European countries, mean iron intakes of infants and children aged 6 to 36 months were found to be close to the RDA. Nevertheless, high proportions of inadequate intakes and high prevalence rates of iron deficiency were observed. Health programs should (keep) focus(ing) on iron malnutrition by educating parents on food choices for their children with iron-rich and iron-fortified foods, and encourage iron supplementation programmes where iron intakes are the lowest.

Age Differences in Work Motivation in a Sample from Five Northern European Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilke Inceoglu ◽  
Jesse Segers ◽  
Dave Bartram ◽  
Daniël Vloeberghs
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Older Employees ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
General Decline ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This paper investigates the relationship between employee age and levels of trait-like dispositional motivation in a sample of 7644 individuals from five Northern European countries (Denmark, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden) who completed a comprehensive motivation questionnaire for selection or development purposes. Age differences in motivation were examined by controlling for demographic variables and testing for non-linear relationships. On the whole, effects were small, with age explaining up to 7 % incremental variance in specific motivation scales. Small effects were found for five motivation scales, which indicated a tendency for older employees in this sample to be more motivated by intrinsically rewarding job features but less motivated by features that entail low perceived utility or that are mainly extrinsically rewarding. Results were generally consistent across the five Nordic countries but in countries where the average retirement age is higher (i. e., in late-exit cultures) the decline was lower for progression. The findings generally support propositions from the literature which suggest a shift in people’s motivators rather than a general decline in motivation with age. As effect sizes are small, however, the differences observed for the age groups investigated in this sample are likely to have very little practical implications for human resource management.

Innovation and entrepreneurship as drivers of economic development

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 681-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Medeiros ◽  
Carla Marques ◽  
Anderson Rei Galvão ◽  
Vitor Braga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Model Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

Purpose The aim of this study is to explore which factors of entrepreneurship and innovation influence economic development under the quadruple helix model, contrasting Southern and Northern Europe. Design/methodology/approach In this study, secondary data are collected from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor databases, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and Global Competitiveness Index, for four countries in the North and four Southern European countries, for the period from 2007 to 2015. Data was analyzed with SPSS 22.0 software and subjected to several multivariate statistical tests. Findings The results show a statistically significant difference in the variables of the four quadruple helix model dimensions. This means that Northern European countries (Finland, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden) display better results on innovation and entrepreneurship than Southern European countries (Spain, Greece, Italy and Portugal). The results also showed that per capita gross domestic expenditure on R&D is positively related to government and university dimensions, with significant differences between Southern and Northern European countries. Originality/value It is hoped that this study will contribute to new evidence on the factors of innovation and entrepreneurship that are decisive for economic development. To the traditional quadruple helix model, control variables were added to meet the endogenous characteristics of the countries.

scholarly journals Between-Class Earnings Inequality in 30 European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 741-778
Author(s):  
Tim Goedemé ◽  
Marii Paskov ◽  
David Weisstanner ◽  
Brian Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Earnings Inequality ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Class Inequality ◽  
Class Differences ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Class Composition ◽  
Southern European Countries ◽  
Cross National

Abstract This article studies earnings inequality between social classes across 30 European countries. Class inequality in earnings is found across the board although there are some exceptions. However, the degree of class inequality varies strongly across countries being larger in Western and Southern European countries and smaller in Eastern and Northern European countries. Furthermore, we find that differences in class composition in terms of observed characteristics associated with earnings account for a substantial proportion of these between-class differences. Differences between classes in the returns to education and other characteristics play less of a role. In all these respects there is a sizeable cross-national variation. This points to important differences between countries in how earnings are structured by social class.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Gaming Disorders in Southeast Asia: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
Doris X. Y. Chia ◽  
Charis W. L. Ng ◽  
Gomathinayagam Kandasami ◽  
Mavis Y. L. Seow ◽  
Carol C. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Study Heterogeneity ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

This meta-analytic review aimed to examine the pooled prevalence rates of Internet addiction and gaming disorders in Southeast Asia. Several databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Central were searched and a total of 24 studies were included in this study. The selection of studies was conducted in accordance to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Two meta-analyses were conducted to examine data on Internet addiction and gaming disorders separately. A random-effects model was employed to derive the pooled prevalence rate. Mixed-effects meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to examine the moderators of the between-study heterogeneity. Publication bias was tested using the Egger’s regression test and funnel plot. Only seven out of the 11 Southeast Asian countries were represented in the literature. All except for two of the included studies were cross-sectional in nature. The findings revealed a pooled prevalence rate of 20.0% (95% confidence interval: 14.5%–27.0%) and 10.1% (95% confidence interval: 7.3%–13.8%) for Internet addiction and gaming disorders respectively. Mean age and study population were significant moderators of the between-study heterogeneity in the prevalence rates of gaming disorders such that samples involving older participants showed higher prevalence rate than those involving younger individuals. Country of study was found to be significant moderator of the between-heterogeneity for both Internet addiction and gaming disorders, however the findings should be interpreted with caution due to the small and unbalanced sample sizes. There was no significant publication bias. Such epidemiology research should be extended to the Southeast Asian countries that have not been studied or are under-studied. Given that the prevalence rates appear to be higher in Southeast Asia than in other world regions, future research should also explore the factors behind these inter-regional differences. Further longitudinal studies should also be conducted to examine the trajectories of such disorders.

scholarly journals National age and co-residence patterns shape covid-19 vulnerability

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Esteve ◽  
Inaki Permanyer ◽  
Diederik Boertien ◽  
James W. Vaupel
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Household Transmission ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Southern European Countries

Based on harmonized census data from 81 countries, we estimate how age and co-residence patterns shape the vulnerability of countries' populations to outbreaks of covid-19. We estimate variation in deaths arising due to a simulated random infection of 10% of the population living in private households and subsequent within-household transmission of the virus. The age-structures of European and North American countries increase their vulnerability to covid-related deaths in general. The co-residence patterns of elderly persons in Africa and parts of Asia increase these countries' vulnerability to deaths induced by within-household transmission of covid-19. Southern European countries, which have aged populations and relatively high levels of intergenerational co-residence are, all else equal, the most vulnerable to outbreaks of covid-19. In a second step, we estimate to what extent avoiding primary infections for specific age-groups would prevent subsequent deaths due to within-household transmission of the virus. Preventing primary infections among the elderly is the most effective in countries with small households and little intergenerational co-residence such as France, whereas confining younger age groups can have a greater impact in countries with large and inter-generational households such as Bangladesh.

Malaysian Homestays: The Need for Standardized Regulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
ROHASLINDA BINTI RAMELE ◽  
YAMAZAKI JUICHI ◽  
MD NAJIB IBRAHIM ◽  
LILIS SHEREENA SAFIEE
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Tourism ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Arts And Culture ◽  
The Government ◽  
Host Families ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries ◽  
Management Operation

This study aims to clarify regulations used among each type of registered and unregistered Malaysian homestays and to reveal issues arose regarding the implemented regulations. Selected homestays that are established by the government organizations and individuals were investigated to carry out the comparison on each homestay. Host families and persons in charge of the Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture (MOTAC), the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA), and the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development (MRRD) were also interviewed. Findings showed that there is only one guideline used for all types of homestays in Malaysia, which is the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline, established by MOTAC. MOTAC has also been selected as a leader of homestays in the Southeast Asian countries by the ASEAN Secretariat; therefore, the ASEAN Homestay Standard is also being referred. However, the implementation of this guideline and standard among other homestays unregistered with MOTAC (homestays established by MOA, MRRD, and individuals) is not compulsory, although encouraged, where they may receive equal benefits in term of facilities and promotion. Some issues arose due to the tax regulated by the local authorities, failure on homestays to be registered with MOTAC, and abandoned homestays. This study recommended that the Malaysia Homestay Registration Guideline to be standardized and regulated to all types of homestays, including individuals and unregistered homestays in Malaysia. This is important in order to reduce issues arose involving the homestay industry, providing safety and comfort to the tourists and, to help to develop rural income among host families and the rural community themselves.Keywords: Rural tourism, homestay, regulation, management, operation

Factors Affecting Bank Risk-Taking: Evidence from Southeast Asian Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-136
Author(s):  
NGUYEN THANH LIEM ◽  
TRAN HUNG SON ◽  
HOANG TRUNG NGHIA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Bank Risk ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Southeast Asian Countries

Health and Nutritional Status of Orphan Children’s Living in Orphanages with Special Reference to District Anantnag of Jammu and Kashmir

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashkoor Ahmad Lone ◽  
Dr. P. Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indian Academy ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Nutritional Intake ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

The practice of placing deprived children having least or no emotional and material resources, in orphanages has since long been prevailing in socio -economically poor Asian countries. A sample of 30 children residing in orphanage in district Anantnag in the age group of 13-18 years was selected for the present study. Most of the children were found socially and psychologically disturbed. As per Indian Academy Paediatrics (IAP) classification with respect to weight for age the condition was not bad that as approximately 67% percent of the children were found to be normal. In the same way height for age as per Waterloo’s classification shown that more than half of the children were normal. On clinical examination approximately 47% of children were normal, while as rest were suffering from dispigmentation of hair, moon face, xerosis of skin cheilosis, magenta tongue, spongy bleeding gums, oedema, conjuctival xerosis, and mottled dental enamel. The findings indicated that nutritional intake was deficient for all nutrients when compared to, Recommended Daily Allowances Chart (RDA) for all age groups which may be linked to poor planning of menus in orphanages.

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