scholarly journals On the predictability of economic structural change by the Poincaré–Bendixson theory

foresight ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Stijepic
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Modeling Methods ◽  
Modeling And Prediction ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Topological Modeling

Purpose The three-sector framework (relating to agriculture, manufacturing and services) is one of the major concepts for studying the long-run change of the economic structure. This paper aims to discuss the system-theoretical classification of the structural change in the three-sector framework and, in particular, its predictability by the Poincaré–Bendixson theory. Design/methodology/approach This study compares the assumptions of the Poincaré–Bendixson theory to the typical axioms of structural change modeling, the empirical evidence on the geometrical properties of structural change trajectories and the methodological arguments referring to the laws of structural change. Findings The findings support the assumption that the structural change phenomenon is representable by a dynamical system that is predictable by the Poincaré–Bendixson theory. This result implies, among others, that in the long run, structural change is either transitory or cyclical and can be used in further geometrical/topological long-run structural change modeling and prediction. Originality/value Although widespread in mathematics, geometrical/topological modeling methods have not been used in modeling and prediction of long-run structural change, despite the fact that they seem to be predestined for this purpose owing to their global, system-theoretical nature, allowing for a reduction of ideology content of predictions and greater robustness of results.

scholarly journals A surrogate-based generic classifier for Chinese TV series reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
Yufeng Ma ◽  
Long Xia ◽  
Wenqi Shen ◽  
Mi Zhou ◽  
Weiguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
Information Supply Chain ◽  
Feature Selection Techniques ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is automatic classification of TV series reviews based on generic categories. Design/methodology/approach What the authors mainly applied is using surrogate instead of specific roles or actors’ name in reviews to make reviews more generic. Besides, feature selection techniques and different kinds of classifiers are incorporated. Findings With roles’ and actors’ names replaced by generic tags, the experimental result showed that it can generalize well to agnostic TV series as compared with reviews keeping the original names. Research limitations/implications The model presented in this paper must be built on top of an already existed knowledge base like Baidu Encyclopedia. Such database takes lots of work. Practical implications Like in digital information supply chain, if reviews are part of the information to be transported or exchanged, then the model presented in this paper can help automatically identify individual review according to different requirements and help the information sharing. Originality/value One originality is that the authors proposed the surrogate-based approach to make reviews more generic. Besides, they also built a review data set of hot Chinese TV series, which includes eight generic category labels for each review.

Using transfer learning for diabetic retinopathy stage classification

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enas M.F. El Houby
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Transfer Learning ◽  
Grade Level ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Retinal Fundus ◽  
Automated Methods

PurposeDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the dangerous complications of diabetes. Its grade level must be tracked to manage its progress and to start the appropriate decision for treatment in time. Effective automated methods for the detection of DR and the classification of its severity stage are necessary to reduce the burden on ophthalmologists and diagnostic contradictions among manual readers.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, convolutional neural network (CNN) was used based on colored retinal fundus images for the detection of DR and classification of its stages. CNN can recognize sophisticated features on the retina and provides an automatic diagnosis. The pre-trained VGG-16 CNN model was applied using a transfer learning (TL) approach to utilize the already learned parameters in the detection.FindingsBy conducting different experiments set up with different severity groupings, the achieved results are promising. The best-achieved accuracies for 2-class, 3-class, 4-class and 5-class classifications are 86.5, 80.5, 63.5 and 73.7, respectively.Originality/valueIn this research, VGG-16 was used to detect and classify DR stages using the TL approach. Different combinations of classes were used in the classification of DR severity stages to illustrate the ability of the model to differentiate between the classes and verify the effect of these changes on the performance of the model.

scholarly journals Economic fluctuations and crime: temporary and persistent effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 609-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Bender ◽  
Ioannis Theodossiou
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Fluctuations ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Persistent Effect ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Unemployment And Crime ◽  
Ambiguous Effect ◽  
Almost All

Purpose Since the literature on the effect of the unemployment rate as reflection of economic fluctuations on crime shows an empirically ambiguous effect, the purpose of this paper is to argue that a new way of modeling the dynamics of unemployment and crime by focussing on the transitory and persistent effect of unemployment on crime helps resolve this ambiguity. Design/methodology/approach Panel data for US states from 1965 to 2006 are examined using the Mundlak (1978) methodology to incorporate the dynamic interactions between crime and unemployment into the estimation. Findings After decomposing the unemployment effect on crime into a transitory and persistent effect, evidence of a strong positive correlation between unemployment and almost all types of crime rates is unearthed. This evidence is robust to endogeneity and the controlling for cross-panel correlation and indicators for state imprisonment. Originality/value The paper is the first to examine the dynamics of the interaction of crime and economic fluctuations using the temporary and persistent effects framework of Mundlak (1978). In one set of estimates, one can evaluation both the short- and long-run effects of changes of unemployment on crime.

Viewpoint – could the belt and road initiative be derailed? An analysis of impediments to completion

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Enderwick
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Relative Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Trade War ◽  
The Belt And Road

Purpose The continuation of China’s belt and road initiative (BRI) is assumed in most analyses. Yet, recent events have created significant reputational damage for China and Chinese businesses. With a trade war evolving into a hegemonic struggle, there are a number of potential developments that could derail the BRI. This paper aims to provide a contemporary review of the factors that could negatively impact its continuation, and what China has done to mitigate the risks. Design/methodology/approach A descriptive paper that groups possible disruptive factors into three groups: internal weaknesses of the BRI and its design; those related to China’s implementation of the BRI and external concerns and pressures. Findings China has actively reviewed and refined the BRI to reduce its perceived weaknesses and increase its attractiveness to potential participants, focussing on debt dependency, transparency and governance. However, this has occurred at the same time as growing concerns regarding China’s international assertiveness, the hegemonic challenge and recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. Research limitations/implications These changes are occurring within an extremely dynamic environment and any analysis at one point in time is subject to considerable limitations. However, the paper brings together a range of disparate perspectives in a structured manner. Originality/value The classification of possible threats to the BRI is original and provides insights into the relative significance of the diverse challenges that China faces. The paper concludes that while China’s operational focus on the mechanics of the BRI process is necessary, it may not be sufficient to ensure its continuing development. The paper identifies the next step which is conceptualisation of these ideas and of the BRI. Some guidance as to how this might be done is provided.

scholarly journals On classification of (n+6)-dimensional nilpotent n-Lie algebras of class 2 with n≥4

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jamshidi ◽  
Farshid Saeedi ◽  
Hamid Darabi
Keyword(s):  
Lie Algebra ◽  
Lie Algebras ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Dimension

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine the structure of nilpotent (n+6)-dimensional n-Lie algebras of class 2 when n≥4.Design/methodology/approachBy dividing a nilpotent (n+6)-dimensional n-Lie algebra of class 2 by a central element, the authors arrive to a nilpotent (n+5) dimensional n-Lie algebra of class 2. Given that the authors have the structure of nilpotent (n+5)-dimensional n-Lie algebras of class 2, the authors have access to the structure of the desired algebras.FindingsIn this paper, for each n≥4, the authors have found 24 nilpotent (n+6) dimensional n-Lie algebras of class 2. Of these, 15 are non-split algebras and the nine remaining algebras are written as direct additions of n-Lie algebras of low-dimension and abelian n-Lie algebras.Originality/valueThis classification of n-Lie algebras provides a complete understanding of these algebras that are used in algebraic studies.

Wildcards – natural and artificial: the combination of a panel of experts and Fuzzy TOPSIS

foresight ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Rahim Eivazi ◽  
Jafar Sajjadi
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Fuzzy Topsis ◽  
New Method ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Participatory Foresight ◽  
The Future ◽  
Similar Character ◽  
Topsis Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is threefold: to classify wildcards into three particular types sharing similar characteristics; use the Fuzzy TOPSIS as a new method in foresight to turn qualitative ideas into quantitative ones; and apply a combination of Fuzzy TOPSIS and a panel of experts to prioritize weak signals. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors classify wildcards into three particular types which share similar character: natural wildcards, artificial wildcards (Degree 1) and artificial wildcards (Degree 2). Wildcards point to unexpected and surprising events including important results that can form watershed in the development of a specific trend. In addition, the authors present a Fuzzy TOPSIS model which can be used in various cases to prioritize a number of weak signals and put them in order, so that the most important ones are likely to yield the wildcard in the future Findings The authors presented a classification of wildcards with the same characteristics being natural wildcards, artificial wildcards (Degree 1) and artificial wildcards (Degree 2). The authors also prioritized the weak signals to deal with the most important ones and take appropriate action in advance so as to minimize possible damages and maximize the benefits of potential wildcards in an uncertain environment. Originality/value In this paper, the authors report on the prioritizing of weak signals by applying Fuzzy TOPSIS and classify wildcards. This is significant because, by identifying the most important weak signals, appropriate actions can be taken in the future if necessary. The paper should be of interest to readers in the area of participatory foresight.

Review of securities class action filings in 2015

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Alexander Aganin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Class Action ◽  
Current View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Class Actions ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Loss Index

Purpose To provide an analysis of securities class action filings in 2015 along with related trends over time and a comprehensive current view of the securities class action landscape. Design/methodology/approach Details 2015 securities class actions and related trends in terms of the number and size of filings; market capitalization losses; the litigation exposure of IPOs; the classification of complaints; litigation likelihood for US exchange-listed companies; resolutions (settlements, dismissals or trial verdict outcomes); timing of dismissals and settlements; filing lags; filings against foreign issuers; number of mega filings; recent rulings related to class certification; and concentration of class action activity by industry sector, stock exchange and court circuit. Findings The number of filings in 2015 was the largest since 2008. The Disclosure Dollar Loss Index® (DDL Index®), the Maximum Dollar Loss Index® (MDL Index®) and the number of mega filings rose sharply in 2015 after declines in 2014. The Consumer Non-Cyclical sector had the most filings in 2015 while filings against companies in the Financial sector were below historical averages. Dismissal rates appear to be trending down. The median filing lag has never been shorter than in 2015. Filings against foreign issuers remain at high levels. Filings against S&P 500 companies remained below the historical average. Originality/value Detailed analysis by legal and industry experts.

Tax aggressiveness and sustainable welfare: the roles of corruption and tax allocation inefficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Rudyanto ◽  
Sidharta Utama ◽  
Dwi Martani ◽  
Desi Adhariani
Keyword(s):  
Public Choice ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tax Aggressiveness ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sustainability Issue ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the roles of corruption and tax allocation inefficiency in moderating the effect of tax aggressiveness on sustainable welfare. Design/methodology/approach This research uses a fixed-effect multiple regression analysis for 55,438 firm-year observations covering 22 countries from 2007 to 2017. Findings For less (more) tax-aggressive observations, corruption and tax allocation inefficiency strengthen the negative (positive) effect of tax aggressiveness on sustainable welfare. The results are in line with public choice and functionalism theories that suggest that private investments can increase welfare when governments are dysfunctional. Practical implications This paper shows that the effect of tax aggressiveness on sustainable welfare depends on tax aggressiveness, corruption and tax allocation inefficiency. Social implications This paper implies that governments should reduce their corruption levels and increase tax allocation efficiency because private investments are ineffective in the long run. Originality/value Because of increasing awareness of sustainability issue, sustainable welfare is considered more relevant than traditional welfare. Hence, empirical studies on the effect of tax aggressiveness on sustainable welfare are crucial. This paper adds the literature by combining public choice and functionalism theories to investigate the moderating roles of corruption and tax allocation inefficiency in this issue.

Capitalism after Satoshi

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Berg ◽  
Sinclair Davidson ◽  
Jason Potts
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Policy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Economic Structure ◽  
Regulatory State ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Long Run

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the long-run economic structure and economic policy consequences of wide-spread blockchain adoption. Design/methodology/approach The approach uses institutional, organisational and evolutionary economic theory to predict consequences of blockchain innovation for economic structure (dehierarchicalisation) and then to further predict the effect of that structural change on the demand for economic policy. Findings The paper makes two key predictions. First, that blockchain adoption will cause both market disintermediation and organisational dehierarchicalisation. And second, that these structural changes will unwind some of the rationale for economic policy developed through the twentieth century that sought to control the effects of market power and organisational hierarchy. Research limitations/implications The core implication that the theoretical prediction made in this paper is that wide-spread blockchain technology adoption could reduce the need for counter-veiling economic policy, and therefore limiting the role of government. Originality/value The paper takes a standard prediction made about blockchain adoption, namely disintermediation (or growth of markets), and extends it to point out that the same effect will occur to organisations. It then notes that much of the rationale for economic policy, and especially industry and regulatory policy through the twentieth century was justified in order to control economic power created by hierarchical organisations. The surprising implication, then, is that blockchain adoption weakens the rationale for such economic policy. This reveals the long-run relationship between digital technological innovation and the regulatory state.

Sentiment classification of Chinese cosmetic reviews based on integration of collocations and concepts

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169
Author(s):  
Chihli Hung ◽  
You-Xin Cao
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Classification Performance ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Modelling Approach

Purpose This paper aims to propose a novel approach which integrates collocations and domain concepts for Chinese cosmetic word of mouth (WOM) sentiment classification. Most sentiment analysis works by collecting sentiment scores from each unigram or bigram. However, not every unigram or bigram in a WOM document contains sentiments. Chinese collocations consist of the main sentiments of WOM. This paper reduces the complexity of the document dimensionality and makes an improvement for sentiment classification. Design/methodology/approach This paper builds two contextual lexicons for feature words and sentiment words, respectively. Based on these contextual lexicons, this paper uses the techniques of associated rules and mutual information to build possible Chinese collocation sets. This paper applies preference vector modelling as the vector representation approach to catch the relationship between Chinese collocations and their associated concepts. Findings This paper compares the proposed preference vector models with benchmarks, using three classification techniques (i.e. support vector machine, J48 decision tree and multilayer perceptron). According to the experimental results, the proposed models outperform all benchmarks evaluated by the criterion of accuracy. Originality/value This paper focuses on Chinese collocations and proposes a novel research approach for sentiment classification. The Chinese collocations used in this paper are adaptable to the content and domains. Finally, this paper integrates collocations with the preference vector modelling approach, which not only achieves a better sentiment classification performance for Chinese WOM documents but also avoids the curse of dimensionality.

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