scholarly journals Flexibility or ethical dilemma: an overview of the work from home policies in modern organizations around the world

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 12-15
Author(s):  
Ahmad Timsal ◽  
Mustabsar Awais
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Location ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Country Analysis ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Flexible Work Arrangement ◽  
The Developed Countries

Purpose The primary purpose of this paper is to highlight the pros and cons associated with the work from home policies and how these policies differ across countries and cultures. The main question to be answered is that why a perk or benefit is now being considered as an ethical issue. Design/methodology/approach Opinions of practitioners and examples of some leading controversial work from home policies have been discussed in detail. Examples from the developed countries have been compared with those of less developed countries, to present a cross country analysis. Findings Culture has a significant impact on the flexible work arrangement policies. Although many companies endorse some degree of flexibility for working mothers or parents in general, working from home as a universal policy is still debatable. The decision to offer this facility to employees majorly depends upon the geographic location of that organization. Originality/value All the discussions and views expressed solely belong to the authors. This paper can be extended by adding some empirical evidences from the companies who actually offer this facility to their employees.

The prevalence of ethnocentric tendencies in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamgid Ahmed Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Rigorous Study ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Made In

Purpose – This paper aims to argue that the traditional belief that “consumer ethnocentrism is a phenomenon of the developed countries only” is no longer true. To establish this argument, our study assesses the applicability of the Consumer Ethnocentric Tendencies Scale (CETSCALE) in Bangladesh by judging the unidimensionality feature of the same. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is based on sample of 788 respondents collected from 27 border and non-border districts of Bangladesh. Findings – Statistically significant results show that for the consumers of border and non-border districts, the original CETSCALE is, to a great extent, applicable as those groups have shown positive attitudes in retaining 12-14 items out of the 17 items of the original scale. However, the groups and the respondents as a whole did not agree with the unidimensionality feature of the CETSCALE. Practical implications – The results of the study show that Bangladeshi consumers prefer to see “Made in Bangladesh” tags when buying consumer products – a significant potential threat that the multinational companies need to address while planning to expand business in Bangladesh. Originality/value – This type of rigorous study on Bangladesh has never been done before. Moreover, the study identifies the difference in ethnocentric behavior of the consumers living in border and non-border areas – a study of ethnocentrism from a different point of view.

Entrepreneurship and economic growth: does gender matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah R. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Entrepreneurial Firms ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World Survey ◽  
Country Analysis

PurposeEntrepreneurial firms contribute to economic growth, but the potential gendered nature of this contribution must be investigated as outcomes of male-owned and female-owned firms differ. The study investigates the female underperformance hypothesis in a cross-country analysis of Schumpeterian entrepreneurs. Next, it investigates if there is a gendered dimension of Schumpeterian firm contribution to economic growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilizes both nonparametric and parametric methodologies. Through nonparametric methods, the success of female-owned and male-owned firms is compared. Next, a parametric ordinary least squares regression model tests if there is a gendered nature of an entrepreneurial firm's economic contribution.FindingsIn nonparametric analyses, female-owned entrepreneurial firms in developed countries perform similarly to male-owned firms, while in developing countries male-owned firms significantly outperform female-owned firms. The author also finds strong evidence that the gender of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur does not matter in the contribution in economic growth.Research limitations/implicationsIn all countries, the number of female-owned entrepreneurial firms was significantly lower than that of male-owned firms. The findings point to consistent cultural barriers for women in innovation-related fields and persistent gendered norms in entrepreneurship. Thus, removal of cultural barriers and continued support for Schumpeterian entrepreneurship will benefit women and contribute to a country's economic growth.Originality/valueThe data for this study is a unique utilization of the Enterprise World Survey to identify Schumpeterian entrepreneurial firms. Additionally, the study challenges the female underperformance hypothesis and contributes to the literature on the role of entrepreneurship in economic growth.

Intergenerational transmission of human capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
Md Nasir Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Instrumental Variable ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to find the rate of intergenerational transmission of human capital and comparative schooling attainment between lower and higher income families using the labor force survey in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach Instrumental variable (IV) approach has been used in this paper. The author proposed an alternative instrument for parental education to identify the rate of transmission, which is the parents’ cohorts’ mean schooling in their respective provinces. Findings This paper found that the rate of transmission of human capital from father is higher than that from mother in Thailand. For both, the rate of transmission in Thailand is higher than that in the developed countries. In addition, it is found that children from lower income families are getting lesser education than those from higher income families in Thailand. Research limitations/implications This paper is used as an alternative instrument that could solve the endogeneity problem in the literature of intergenerational transmission of human capital. Practical implications The results of rate of transmission can help to make educational policies in countries like Thailand. It also could help the policymakers to evaluate and redesign the student loan scheme (SLS) in Thailand. Originality/value This study is used as an alternative instrument for parental education to identify the rate of transmission in an IV approach. This paper is the first to identify the intergenerational transmission rate in Thailand. In addition, it evaluates Thai SLS in an intergenerational framework.

Challenges of waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safdar Shah Khan ◽  
Suleman Aziz Lodhi ◽  
Faiza Akhtar ◽  
Irshad Khokar
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Electronic Equipment ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safe Management ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyze the recent global situation on waste of electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) management and recommend policy directions for designing environmental strategies. Design/methodology/approach – Qualitative research approach is adopted to review studies on WEEE management in developed and developing countries. The focus is to critically consider the available options for its safe management. Findings – Approximately 40-50 million tons of WEEE is generated worldwide annually and most of it is dumped in the developing countries. WEEE is not a challenge to be faced by a single country as it has trans-boundary effects and ultimately the contamination reaches back to the developed countries with a lapse of time. Research limitations/implications – Data availability on WEEE generation and disposal is in initial stages. Practical implications – Developing countries in Asia and Africa do not have resources to handle WEEE. The unregulated and unsafe WEEE management practices in these countries let hazardous materials to disseminate into the marine life and global ecosystem. Originality/value – The paper recommends policy directions to deal with the emerging issue that may have globally far reaching consequences.

Leading learning and innovation in organizations: A distributed leadership perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Leadership ◽  
Flexible Work ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Leadership For Learning ◽  
Work Arrangements ◽  
Leadership Models ◽  
Distributed Approach ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Current Context

Purpose This paper explores the role of distributed leadership for learning and innovation in organizations. Learning and innovation being collective interactive processes, individual leadership is not the most effective way to drive them. This paper discusses how developing a distributed approach to leadership can be useful in enhancing the effectiveness of these processes, particularly in the current context of dispersed and remote working spurred by the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on literature from the domains of leadership and learning to discuss how effectiveness of learning and innovation can be enhanced through the application of appropriate leadership models. Findings This paper brings out the importance of developing a distributed leadership approach to enhance learning and innovation in organizations. It provides actionable suggestions that can be used by organizations to develop shared leadership capabilities. Originality/value Moving away from traditional leadership models, this paper highlights the significant role that distributed leadership can play to enhance the effectiveness of collective processes such as learning and innovation. The approach is even more relevant in the current pandemic context where organizations are operating in a distributed setup with flexible work from home arrangements. Learning and innovation in such virtual, asynchronous work arrangements is a challenge. Development of distributed leadership mindset and approach can enable organizations to operate more effectively in the new normal.

Security and privacy of adolescents in social applications and networks: legislative aspects and legal practice of countering cyberbullying on example of developed and developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghandour ◽  
Viktor Shestak ◽  
Konstantin Sokolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Applications

Purpose This paper aims to study the developed countries’ experience on the cyberbullying legal regulation among adolescents, to identify existing shortcomings in the developing countries’ laws and to develop recommendations for regulatory framework improvement. Design/methodology/approach The authors have studied the state regulatory practice of the UK, the USA, Canada, Malaysia, South Africa, Turkey, UAE and analyzed the statistics of 2018 on the cyberbullying manifestation among adolescents in these countries. Findings The study results can encourage countries to create separate cyberbullying legislation and periodically review and modify already existing legislation. Originality/value The study provides a list of the recommendations to regulate cybercrime in developing countries and prevent it as well. The results may contribute to creating laws related to the regulation of cyberbullying in countries where such legislation does not exist yet or existing regulatory legal acts do not bring the expected results, namely, in Post-Soviet countries and other developing countries of the world.

Forestry insurance preference among tree growers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana: a tobit and multi-nomial regression approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Oppong Mensah ◽  
Jacqueline Joyce Twintoh ◽  
Ernest Christlieb Amrago ◽  
Anthony Donkor ◽  
Samuel Afotey Anang
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tobit Model ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ashanti Region ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The One ◽  
Previous Occurrence

PurposeThe study analyses the preference for forestry insurance amongst tree growers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. Specifically, the authors examine the factors influencing the amount of forestry insurance and the choice for forestry insurance types.Design/methodology/approachA total of one hundred and seventy (170) tree growers were sampled for the study. The tobit model, multi-nomial regression and Kendall's tau were employed to analyse the factors affecting the amount for forestry insurance, the choice for forestry insurance types and the perils to forest quality, respectively.FindingsThe results of the study indicate that the incidence of bush fire and theft were the key perils that affect forest quality. In total, 52.94% of respondents preferred forest plantation fire insurance as named-peril insurance whereas 70.59% preferred a combination of forest plantation fire, windstorm and consequential loss insurance as multi-peril insurance. The majority (89.4%) of the respondents were willing to pay an amount between Ghc 10.00–49.00 (US$ 2–8) per stand. On the one hand, results of the tobit model reveal age, income, experience in forest management, land ownership and the previous occurrence of fire as the factors affecting the amount for forestry insurance. On the other hand, the multi-nomial results indicate the previous occurrence of fire, gender, forest size, income and risk aversion significantly influenced the choice for forestry insurance types, namely named peril and multi-peril.Originality/valueSeveral studies exist for forestry insurance in the developed countries. However, in West Africa specifically, Ghana, studies on forestry insurance appear to be non-existent. Above and beyond, this study, therefore, adds to the paucity of research on forestry insurance in Ghana and serves as a framework for agricultural insurance institutions such as the Ghana Agricultural Insurance Pool (GAIP) and World cover and other agricultural insurance institutions globally.

A systematic review of the influence of medical representatives and promotional tools on prescribing

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Ali Murshid ◽  
Zurina Mohaidin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Drug Prescribing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Promotional Efforts ◽  
Prescribing Behaviour ◽  
The Developed Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine reported literature on the influence of medical representatives (MRs) and other promotional tools on drug prescribing behaviour, and to assess whether this effect is different in developed and developing countries. Design/methodology/approach A survey of the literature was conducted across online databases from 2000 to 2016. Eligible studies addressed MRs and other promotion tools used to influence drug prescribing in developed and developing countries. Findings A total of 40 reviewed studies met the inclusion requirements. In total, 22 of the studies were conducted in developed countries and 18 in developing countries. Out of ten studies that examined the influence of MRs on drug prescribing in developed countries, eight found a positive influence, one found only moderate and one finds no influence. Analogous results were found in developing countries. Six out of ten studies on the influence of MRs conducted in developing countries found a positive effect, three found only moderate effects, while one finds no influence. The influence of promotion tools on prescribing varied in developed countries, five found positive influence, four reported a small effect and one found negative influence. In developing countries, the size of effect also varied, five studies found positive influence of promotion tools on drug prescribing behaviour, five found a negligible or small effect, and one found no association. However, marked differences were observed between two sectors. In the developed countries, MRs are valued as a source of information and can have an effect on prescribing, while it is unreliable in developing countries. Sample drugs are more generally seen as an important promotional tool for prescribing in developed countries than developing countries. Research limitations/implications The results derived from this review are based on studies with varying methodological consistency. The review provides the crucial information that will be valuable to researchers working on comparative analysis of marketing efforts in developing and developed countries. Originality/value This paper is one of the few systematic reviews on the influence of MRs and other promotional tools on prescribing. It compares the influence of MRs and promotional efforts in both developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Differential Virulence of Clinical and Bovine-Biased Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 Genotypes in Piglet and Dutch Belted Rabbit Models

2011 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 369-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smriti Shringi ◽  
Alexis García ◽  
Kevin K. Lahmers ◽  
Kathleen A. Potter ◽  
Sureshkumar Muthupalani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
The Developed Countries

ABSTRACTEnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 (EHEC O157) is an important cause of food and waterborne illness in the developed countries. Cattle are a reservoir host of EHEC O157 and a major source of human exposure through contaminated meat products. Shiga toxins (Stxs) are an important pathogenicity trait of EHEC O157. The insertion sites of the Stx-encoding bacteriophages differentiate EHEC O157 isolates into genogroups commonly isolated from cattle but rarely from sick humans (bovine-biased genotypes [BBG]) and those commonly isolated from both cattle and human patients (clinical genotypes [CG]). Since BBG and CG share the cardinal virulence factors of EHEC O157 and are carried by cattle at similar prevalences, the infrequent occurrence of BBG among human disease isolates suggests that they may be less virulent than CG. We compared the virulence potentials of human and bovine isolates of CG and BBG in newborn conventional pig and weaned Dutch Belted rabbit models. CG-challenged piglets experienced severe disease accompanied by early and high mortality compared to BBG-challenged piglets. Similarly, CG-challenged rabbits were likely to develop lesions in kidney and intestine compared with the BBG-challenged rabbits. The CG strains used in this study carriedstx2and produced significantly higher amounts of Stx, whereas the BBG strains carried thestx2cgene variant only. These results suggest that BBG are less virulent than CG and that this difference in virulence potential is associated with the Stx2 subtype(s) carried and/or the amount of Stx produced.

Serving poor people in rich countries: the bottom-of-the-pyramid business model solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaques Angot ◽  
Loïc Plé
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Bottom Of The Pyramid ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fresh Perspective ◽  
Mind Set ◽  
The Developed Countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest that firms should transpose bottom-of-the-pyramid (BOP) strategies to top-of-the-pyramid (TOP) countries through adapted business models, noting that strategies usually apply to developing countries. This would enable them to address the consequences of the economic crisis that has increased the number of poor and financially constrained customers in developed countries. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual article based on current research and multiple examples from real-world companies that have implemented BOP business models. These are viewed from the angle of frugal innovation, a fresh perspective on innovation as an outcome and process, which means innovating while significantly economizing the use of scarce resources. Findings – The paper explains how firms should adapt the three dimensions of their business models (value proposition, resources and competences and organization) to transpose BOP business models to TOP countries. Limitations and advantages of this transposition are also detailed. Research limitations/implications – A lack of prior research on how firms can confront poverty in TOP countries is emphasized. Further studies are needed to help firms adapt to the new economic conditions in TOP countries. Practical implications – Practitioners can use the recommendations herein to adapt their business models and address dramatic economic and social changes in the developed countries in which they function. Originality/value – Considering the differences between developed and developing countries, firms should promote a BOP mind-set, rather than struggling to transpose full BOP business models to TOP settings.

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