Online banking and privacy: redesigning sales strategy through social exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gajendra Liyanaarachchi ◽  
Sameer Deshpande ◽  
Scott Weaven
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
National Culture ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Online Banking ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Sales Strategy ◽  
Sales Strategies

PurposeThis paper advocates for banks to understand customers' online privacy concerns, use those insights to segment consumers and design tailored sales strategies to build a mutual relationship through a social exchange that produces a competitive advantage.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative study involving 30 in-depth interviews with Australian and Asian millennials residing in Australia was conducted using a grounded theory approach to explore privacy concerns of online banking and determine the efficacy of their banks' existing sales strategy and practice.FindingsThe study revealed differences in customer perceptions of trust, confidence, responsibility and exchange. Adopting a power-dependency paradigm within a social exchange theoretical framework and power distance belief of national culture theory, the authors identified four consumer segments: exemplar, empiric, elevator and exponent. The authors propose a tailored consumer-centered sales strategy of communication, control, consolidation and collaboration.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the research in services marketing, sales strategy and banking in three ways: first, the authors demonstrate the importance of the social exchange theory and national culture as a premise to develop a competitive advantage; second, the authors propose an innovative set of consumer segments in regards to online privacy concerns; and, third, the authors introduce four sales strategies tailored to each of the four segments.

Using social distancing technology in hotels: a social exchange perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Morosan ◽  
Agnes DeFranco
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Social Rewards

Purpose As social distancing procedures can be facilitated by various hotel technologies, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the extent to which consumers develop perceptions of value regarding the use of certain hotel technologies for social distancing in hotels. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from the social exchange theory, this study conceptualized the benefits of using technologies for social distancing, health risks, social rewards and privacy concerns as antecedents of value of using technologies for social distancing in hotels. The structural model was validated by using data from more than 1,000 nationwide US consumers. Findings Benefits and consumers’ privacy concerns of using technologies for social distancing in hotels were the strongest predictors of value. Social rewards also had a significant but relatively lower effect on value. Health risks was found to have no influence on value. Originality/value The study is the first to examine the role of technologies in mitigating the effects of coronavirus. Thus, it extends the information technology and hospitality literature by examining the role of these technologies in safeguarding individual and public health.

Corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement and innovation: a resource-basedview and a social exchangetheory perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afework Getachew Kassa ◽  
Geremew Teklu Tsigu
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Employee Engagement ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Corporate Entrepreneurship ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core

Purpose Synthesizing theoretical and empirical literature, this study aims to build a theoretical model linking the constructs; corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement and innovation. Design/methodology/approach Using an integrative review method the current study conducted an examination of related literature on the areas of corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement, as well as innovation and developed an integrated model which combines the three constructs. The study bases itself on the resource-based view (RBV) for looking into corporate entrepreneurial ecosystems as organizational capabilities and employee engagement as a human resource. The social exchange theory (SET) was also used to analyse the interrelationships. Findings An RBV synthesis made on corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement, as well as innovation literature shows that while corporate entrepreneurship has been recognized as beneficial to bring positive organizational outcomes, attempts to tie it in the core resource, capability and competence input-output linkage are scanty. The study shows that the RBV can be a good way to see human resources as a source of organizational competitive advantage and corporate entrepreneurship as the capability to product innovation as a competence. The study also shows that by combining the RBV with the SET corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement and innovation can be integrated as a basis for developing organizational competitiveness. Practical implications The implication of this paper to future empirical studies is that corporate entrepreneurship can be integrated with the RBV to relate it to the core competitive advantage development endeavour. The implication for policymakers and management practitioners on the other hand is that managers can consider corporate entrepreneurship as a major capability to bring the employee resource on board the innovation process. The study further implies that management practitioners need to provide time, freedom, boundary, reward and support to get their employees engaged in innovation. Hence, managers can integrate the SET into their motivation principles. Originality/value The study is original in its attempt to integrate the SET and RBV for studies in the area of corporate entrepreneurship, employee engagement and innovation.

Online Privacy

2005 ◽  
pp. 200-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushkala Raman ◽  
Kartik Pashupati
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Technological Competence ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Privacy Invasion

The primary research objectives of this chapter are to: (a) investigate consumer attitudes to the invasion of online privacy, and (b) discover coping strategies used by consumers when they are online. Using a grounded theory approach, a framework of how consumers deal with online privacy concerns was developed from the analysis of six focus groups across gender and age segments. The framework suggests that people differ in their level of self-perceived technological competence (SPTC), which in turn determines their level of concern and coping strategies used. We define SPTC as a subjective self-rating of how much individuals know about technology, and how comfortable they feel with it. The level of SPTC appears to differentiate the online behaviors and privacy concerns of consumers. People with low levels of SPTC tend to be more concerned about privacy invasion, feel more comfortable with offline interactions, reduce their Internet usage, and seek regulatory solutions to privacy invasion threats. People with higher levels of SPTC are more willing to accept the risks of being online, and tend to be cautious in their online dealings without foregoing the benefits of the Internet. This group is also more likely to know about and use features such as security locks, and Internet seals of approval.

Unbundling employer branding, job satisfaction, organizational identification and employee retention: a sequential mediation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangi Bharadwaj ◽  
Nawab Ali Khan ◽  
Mohammad Yameen
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Organizational Identification ◽  
Employee Retention ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Branding Strategy ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThis paper aims to extend employer branding research by investigating the role of job satisfaction and organizational identification as predictors of employee retention, and their mediating role between employer branding and employee retention.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey is utilized to gather data from 352 employees working in top Indian IT organizations. Hypotheses were tested and analyzed utilizing SPSS PROCESS Macro.FindingsThe results reveal that employer branding is positively related to job satisfaction, organizational identification and employee retention. The analysis provides support for the mediating effects on employee retention of employer branding through job satisfaction and organizational identification. In addition, results also provide support for the serial mediation model, where employer branding was found to influence employee retention via job satisfaction and organizational identification in a sequential manner. The findings connote that the enhanced positive identity of satisfied employees suppresses the intention to leave among IT professionals.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that an employer branding strategy with a unique set of attributes can provide a competitive advantage to employers in terms of high retention levels. The findings also highlight the fact that the importance of employer branding strategy should not be merely confined to the issue of retention as it can also play a vital role in enhancing job satisfaction and employees' identification level. Hence, managers are required to devise an employer branding strategy with a long-term intent that focuses on gaining a competitive advantage and aiming to improve relationships with employees.Originality/valueThe researchers have enriched social identity and social exchange theory as a theoretical paradigm, examining antecedents of employee retention. The study has extended the foregoing direct or simple mediation models by integrating social identity theory and job satisfaction in a sequential mediation model.

Online Privacy

2008 ◽  
pp. 3550-3571
Author(s):  
Pushkala Raman ◽  
Kartik Pashupati
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Technological Competence ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Privacy Invasion

The primary research objectives of this chapter are to: (a) investigate consumer attitudes to the invasion of online privacy, and (b) discover coping strategies used by consumers when they are online. Using a grounded theory approach, a framework of how consumers deal with online privacy concerns was developed from the analysis of six focus groups across gender and age segments. The framework suggests that people differ in their level of self-perceived technological competence (SPTC), which in turn determines their level of concern and coping strategies used. We define SPTC as a subjective self-rating of how much individuals know about technology, and how comfortable they feel with it. The level of SPTC appears to differentiate the online behaviors and privacy concerns of consumers. People with low levels of SPTC tend to be more concerned about privacy invasion, feel more comfortable with offline interactions, reduce their Internet usage, and seek regulatory solutions to privacy invasion threats. People with higher levels of SPTC are more willing to accept the risks of being online, and tend to be cautious in their online dealings without foregoing the benefits of the Internet. This group is also more likely to know about and use features such as security locks, and Internet seals of approval.

The impact of financial management practices and competitive advantage on the loan performance of MFIs

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Korutaro Nkundabanyanga ◽  
Brendah Akankunda ◽  
Irene Nalukenge ◽  
Immaculate Tusiime
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of financial management practices and competitive advantage on loan performance of microfinance institutions (MFIs). Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors surveyed 70 MFIs in Kampala, Uganda. The authors applied principal component analysis to reduce the number of factors and identify the important elements that capture financial management practices, competitive advantage and loan performance of MFIs. The authors put forward and tested three hypotheses relating to the significance of the relationship between these three variables of MFIs using the statistical software package, SPSS and also apply the normal theory approach developed by Sobel (1982) and Baron and Kenny (1986) in testing the mediation by competitive advantage. Findings Robust financial management practices are associated with better loan performance of MFIs. Results also reveal a significant positive relationship between the competitive advantage of the MFIs and their loan performance. Furthermore, a significant positive relationship between competitive advantage and loan performance is found. Moreover results also show a full mediation effect of competitive advantage on the association of financial management practices and loan performance, implying that the association of financial management practices of the MFIs on their loan performance is entirely through their competitive advantage. Research limitations/implications Although there is plenty of literature on loan performance, financial management practices and competitive advantage, there is scarce literature on their effective conceptualization. This together with the imprecise definition of competitive advantage may have affected conceptualization of the authors study. Thus, in this study, the authors do not claim highly refined measurement concepts. Moreover, many of the extant studies for instance have measured loan performance quantitatively, yet process factors which are inherently qualitative in nature can better explain variances in loan performance concept. More research is therefore needed to better refine qualitative concepts used in this study. Practical implications Efforts by the MFIs management to improve loan performance must be matched with adoption of financial management practices that provide MFIs with sustained competitive advantage over their rivals. Originality/value In order to explain loan performance of MFIs, and drawing from social economics, management and accounting strands, this study shows that assessing the role of competitive advantage in the relationship between financial management practices and loan performance is imperative. Also, many of the extant studies have measured loan performance quantitatively, yet process factors or antecedents which are inherently qualitative in nature can better explain variances in loan performance concept. Thus this study calls for the refinement of loan performance concept and accounting for endogeneity.

A structural model of information privacy concerns toward hospital websites

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Ming Kuo ◽  
Paul C. Talley ◽  
Chen-Chung Ma
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Specific Information ◽  
Privacy Policy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Information Privacy Concerns

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to propose and empirically test a theoretical model that considers the predictors of an individual’s perceptions of information privacy, and also how it relates to his/her behavioral intention toward approaching hospital web sites. Design/methodology/approach – This paper collects data using survey methodology. A total of 331 usable participants are gathered and analyzed via structural equation modeling. Findings – Significant predictors of information privacy concerns include a stated online privacy policy and a hospital’s reputation. Further, online privacy policy predicts a hospital’s reputation. Finally, hospital reputation and information privacy concerns significantly predict an individual’s behavioral intention toward approaching hospital web sites. Research limitations/implications – The study confirmed that an online privacy policy and reputation can effectively alleviate specific information privacy concerns; therefore, this may indicate that these two factors should be considered whenever investigating individuals’ information privacy concerns. Practical implications – To acquire a good reputation and to diminish individuals’ information privacy concerns toward hospital web sites, hospitals should pay attention to the posting of an online privacy policy and communicating such policies to given individuals. Originality/value – This paper fulfils the gap of exploring the relationship among online privacy policy, organization reputation, and information privacy concerns. Further, the hypothesized model and its findings could also provide useful information for managers who are intent on boosting hospital web site usage frequency patterns.

The role of reciprocity in the internationalization of social enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Klavdia Markelova Evans ◽  
Veronika Ermilina ◽  
Ashley Salaiz
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Mission

Purpose The paper enhances our understanding of how small businesses with a strong social mission undergo international expansion. Building on the theoretical arguments on social exchange theory (SET), specifically on the literature on reciprocity, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the applicability of the Uppsala Internationalization Model to the context of a social enterprise (SE). The propositions argue that the strong social orientation of SEs encourages a reciprocal exchange with the stakeholders of the host country that limits the number of obstacles they may face during the internationalizing process. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual development bridges SET with bodies of knowledge on SE, Uppsala Internationalization Model and organizational embeddedness. Findings The theoretical arguments provide evidence of how the socially oriented mission of a small business aids it with overcoming obstacles presented by internationalization. Specifically, the authors show that socially oriented enterprises are uniquely equipped to conquer the lack of adequate information about a foreign market and a lack of adequate public support in a host country. A social mission, which ignites positive reciprocity with the local stakeholders, serves as a valuable asset in the process of internationalization. Moreover, since the propositions recognize that the norms of reciprocity differ from one national culture to another, they unfold how reciprocal exchanges may be altered because of the nuances of national culture. Originality/value This work makes three important contributions. First, it extends our understanding of why SEs can potentially internationalize more rapidly than organizations without a strongly pronounced social mission. Second, the investigation on the applicability of the U-Model to the context of SE answers scholars’ recent call for continuous work on advancing the U-Model. Third, the authors equip practitioners with a thorough understanding of how they can capitalize on the social aspect of a SE in the unique setting of a specific national culture.

Exploring sustainable competitive advantage of multispecialty hospitals in dynamic environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-609
Author(s):  
Harbir Singh ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Dey ◽  
Arunaditya Sahay
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Clinical Excellence ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Secondary Sources

Purpose A multispecialty hospital possesses sustainable competitive advantage if it continuously improves performance, repeatedly delivers quality service and unique value to the patients and the sources of competitive advantage are valuable, rare, inimitable, non-substitutable or causally ambiguous. The term sustainable competitive advantage is vague and ambiguous and the environment in which hospitals operate is dynamic, turbulent and disruptive. Therefore, sources of competitive advantage must change and evolve with time. This paper aims to explore the themes of competitive advantage in a dynamic environment for multispecialty hospitals in India by studying data from secondary sources for five hospitals. Design/methodology/approach The findings of the case study were based on the analysis of secondary data that are extracted from the official websites of the hospitals, with the grounded theory approach. Findings Five identified themes are as follows: changing and adapting; clinical excellence; creating unique value; managing unpredictable circumstances and patient-centric approach. All the themes supported hospital performance, service and value delivered to patients and therefore may help in building a competitive advantage of the hospital. However, sustainability factors were inconsistent across the themes. Practical implications The CXOs and CMOs of hospitals can review the themes periodically and re-align the business strategies to build a sustainable competitive advantage. Originality/value The findings of the study uncovered the criticality of re-alignment of resources deployed in the unpredictable and ever-changing environment in which hospitals thrive to build sustainable competitive advantage.

Online privacy concerns and consumer reactions: insights for future strategies

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purva Kansal
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Online Privacy ◽  
Purchase Behavior ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Privacy And Security ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Indian Consumers ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company

Purpose – The present study aims to identify and study the online privacy concerns, its explanatory variables and their affect on reactions and online purchasing behavior of Indian consumers. Globalization means that companies are setting manufacturing units where their cost dynamics are most attractive and then servicing the customers in different markets. Therefore, today, most of the globalized firms are using technology to overcome physical barriers with the customer. The value chains are being reorganized to come up with innovative strategies for sales, delivery and service channels. These strategies use Internet as a competitive tool, thereby providing marketers with a completely new landscape to work with. This channel means that now even the tangibles (products) are being sold on the basis of intangibles (services). In this landscape, the success of an online business depends on its capability to think globally and act locally. Sensitivity displayed by a company to effects of cultural nuances on a consumer’s psychological constructs will determine the success of a company and its strategy. It is in this backdrop that the current study was undertaken. Design/methodology/approach – To establish a relationship of the consumer privacy concerns and consumers’ reactions and their online purchase behavior, data were collected on the basis of a self-administered structured questionnaire. Data were collected from 150 respondents. Confirmatory factor analysis in LISREL (8.70) was done to check the validity of the scale. Incremental fit indices and parsimonious fit indices were used to interpret whether the model fit the data. Further, data were analyzed using factor analysis, correlation and chi-square tests. Findings – The study found several significant correlations between consumer’s online privacy and their behavior. The study made attempt to study only linkages and not a causal relationship. This study found that there was a correlation between online privacy concerns and consumer behavior. Indian consumers opted to voice and complain about privacy concerns, and hence, companies need to invest in recovery strategies. Furthermore, Indian consumers exhibited more of a refrained behavior rather than hedonic purchase behavior. However, refrained behavior was a first step toward the latter. To promote refrained behavior, marketers need to work with a model which provides Indian consumers with an assurance of procedural fairness and fair information practices. These companies need to invest in software, rewards, detailed privacy notices and tangibles to motivate customers into transacting online. Armed with this information a marketer can also invest into the right kind of privacy and security tools. Research limitations/implications – Due to the limited sample size, the results of the study can be generalized to a limited extent. Practical implications – The results would help online marketers maneuver the target consumer’s behavior in the desired direction. The results would help companies design and invest in the right kind of privacy and security tools, for the target segments matching the sample. Originality/value – The manuscript is based on a unique data set collected for this study. The references have been cited as per American Psychological Association (APA) rules. The work is original.

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