scholarly journals Global carbon emission spatial pattern in 2030 under INDCs: using a gridding approach based on population and urbanization

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Tao ◽  
Yun Su ◽  
Xiuqi Fang
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Grid Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Global Carbon

Purpose The intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) is a major outcome of the Paris Agreement on international cooperation to reduce emissions, and is likely to be the future scenario for carbon emissions. This paper aims to obtain the fine spatial pattern of carbon emissions in 2030, identify hot spots and analyze changes of carbon emissions with a spatial grid method. Design/methodology/approach Based on the integrated quantified INDCs of each economy in 2030, the authors predict the population density pattern in 2030 by using the statistics of current population density, natural growth rates and differences in population growth resulting from urbanization within countries. Then the authors regard population density as a comprehensive socioeconomic indicator for the top-bottom allocation of the INDC data to a 0.1° × 0.1° grid. Then, the grid spatial pattern of carbon emissions in 2030 is compared with that in 2016. Findings Under the unconditional and conditional scenarios, the global carbon emission grid values in 2030 will be within [0, 59,200.911] ktCO2 and [0, 51,800.942] ktCO2, respectively; eastern China, northern India, Western Europe and North America will continue to be the major emitters; grid carbon emissions will increase in most parts of the world compared to 2016, especially in densely populated areas. Originality/value While many studies have explored the overall global carbon emissions or warming under the INDC scenario, attention to spatial details is also required to help us make better emissions attributions and policy decisions from the perspective of the grid unit rather than the administrative unit.

Is global carbon inequality getting better or worse? A decomposition analysis of carbon inequality in intraincome and interincome groups

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Li ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Rui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Income Group ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
High Income Group ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Income Group ◽  
Global Carbon

PurposeThis study is aimed at better understanding the evolution of inequality in carbon emission in intraincome and interincome groups in the world, and then to uncover the driving factors that affect inequality in carbon emission.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is developed by combining the Theil index and the decomposition technique. Specifically, the Theil index is used to measure the inequality in carbon emissions from the perspective of global and each income group level. The extended logarithmic mean Divisia index was developed to explore the driving factors.FindingsThis study finds that the inequality in carbon emissions of intraincome group is getting better, whereas the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group is getting worse. And the difference in global carbon emissions between income groups is the main source of global carbon emission inequality, which is greater than that within each income group. In addition, the high-income group has transferred their carbon emissions to upper-middle income group by importing high-carbon-intensive products to meet the domestic demand, while lower-middle-income group do not fully participate in the international trade.Practical implicationsTo alleviate the global carbon inequality, more attention should be paid to the inequality in carbon emission of interincome group, especially the trade between high-income group and upper-middle income group. From the perspective of driving factors, the impact of import and export trade dependence on the per capita carbon emissions of different income groups can almost offset each other, so the trade surplus effect should be the focus of each group.Originality/valueIn order to consider the impact of international trade, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of global carbon emissions inequality from the perspective of income levels and introduces the import and export dependence effect and the trade surplus effect into the analysis framework of global carbon emission inequality drivers, which has not been any research carried out so far. The results of this paper not only provide policy recommendations for mitigating global carbon emissions but also provide a new research perspective for subsequent inequality research.

Carbon emission risks and management accounting: Australian evidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayanthi Kumarasiri ◽  
Christine Jubb
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Management Accounting ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply regulatory mix theory as a framework for investigating the use of management accounting techniques by Australian large listed companies in constraining their carbon emissions. Design/methodology/approach Semi-structured interviews are conducted with senior managers involved with managing their companies’ carbon emission risks. Analysis of the interview data is undertaken with a view to provision of insight to the impact of the regulatory framework imposed to deal with carbon emissions. Findings The findings reveal that regulation impacting companies’ economic interests rather than requiring mere disclosure compliance is much more likely to be behind focusing top management and board attention and use of management accounting techniques to set targets, measure performance and incentivise emission mitigation. However, there remains much scope for increased use of accounting professionals and accounting techniques in working towards a carbon-constrained economy. Research limitations/implications The usual limitations associated with interpretation of interview data are applicable. Practical implications Under-use of management accounting techniques is likely to be associated with less than optimal constraint of carbon emissions. Social implications Carbon emissions are accepted as being involved in harmful climate change. To the extent effective techniques are under-utilised in constraining emissions, harmful consequences for society are likely to be heightened unnecessarily. Originality/value The topic and data collected are original and provide valuable insights into the dynamics of management accounting technique use in managing carbon emissions.

Prospects for global climate governance in 2018

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vehicle Technology ◽  
Global Carbon

Subject The prospects for global climate governance in 2018. Significance The 2017 UN COP23 Climate Change Conference, chaired by Fiji, ended in the shadow of news that 2017 is expected to see a 2% rise in global carbon emissions. After three years of roughly stable emissions, this estimated increase magnifies the challenge of making the sharp emission reductions needed to meet the Paris Agreement’s goal of keeping global warming to below 2 degrees centigrade above preindustrial levels, even as the renewable energy sector grows and electric vehicle technology makes further progress.

Energy technological innovation and carbon emissions mitigation: evidence from China

Kybernetes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuping Cheng ◽  
Lingjie Meng ◽  
Lu Xing
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Intensity ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Fossil Energy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Carbon Emission Intensity ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions in China from 2001 to 2016.Design/methodology/approachConditional mean (CM) methods are first applied to implement our investigation. Then, considering the tremendous heterogeneity in China, quantile regression is further employed to comprehensively investigate the potential heterogeneous effect between energy technological innovation and carbon emission intensity.FindingsThe results suggest that renewable energy technological innovation has a significantly positive effect on carbon emission intensity in lower quantile areas and a negative effect in higher quantile areas. Contrarily, fossil energy technological innovation exerts a negative correlation with carbon emission intensity in lower quantile areas and a positive effect on carbon emission intensity in higher quantiles areas.Originality/valueConsidering that energy consumption is the main source of CO2 emissions, it is of great importance to study the impact of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions. However, the previous studies mainly focus on the impact of integrated technological innovation on carbon emissions, ignoring the impact of energy technological innovation on carbon emissions mitigation. To fill this gap, we construct an extended STIRPAT model to examine the effects of renewable energy technological innovation and fossil energy technological innovation on carbon emissions in this paper. The results can provide a reference for the government to formulate carbon mitigation policies.

Carbon Emissions Management Software (CEMS)

2011 ◽  
pp. 413-430
Author(s):  
Graeme Philipson ◽  
Pete Foster ◽  
John Brand
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Legal Requirements ◽  
Management Software ◽  
Measurement Monitoring ◽  
The United Kingdom

Carbon Emission Management Software (CEMS) is a new category of software that helps organizations manage and report on their carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These measurements are now becoming a legal requirements for many organizations in many countries. The Kyoto Protocol was the first real international attempt to formalize the measurement, monitoring and mitigation of GHG emissions. The recent Copenhagen summit was an attempt to take the agreement further. Many countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia and most of Western Europe, now have legislation based on the GHG Protocol which mandates the reporting of carbon emissions. CEMS products have been developed largely in response to these legally binding requirements.This chapter looks at the evolution of CEMS, and how and why the products are used. It provides a CEMS taxonomy and looks at the main selection and implementation issues.

Strategic information sharing and competition under cap-and-trade regulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 639-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Yu ◽  
Erbao Cao
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Wholesale Price ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Cap And Trade ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Regulation

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate whether truthful information sharing can be achieved via informal cheap talk in a competitive setting, and how carbon emission constraint and information-sharing modes (no information sharing, partial information sharing and public information sharing) interact with each other under cap-and-trade regulation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper establishes an emission-dependent supply chain consisting of a manufacturer, an incumbent retailer who has superior demand information and a new entrant retailer. The manufacturer abates carbon emissions under the pressures of government environmental regulation and consumers’ eco-friendly concern. The research formulates a multistage game to explore every party’s decision and the implications of information-sharing modes.FindingsThe results show that truthful information sharing can be achieved when the manufacturer decides both the wholesale price and carbon emission abatement. The results also show that the incumbent retailer’s information-sharing decision highly depends on the manufacturer’s capacity in abating carbon emissions and the demand uncertainty.Originality/valueThe research adds value to information management and sustainable production literature. This work emphasizes the interaction between the information flow and material flow. Not only it investigates the factors that affect information-sharing modes from a new point of view when considering carbon emission constraint, but also provides operational strategies for manufacturers to make more profit when facing asymmetric information and emission regulation.

scholarly journals Analysis on Spatial Pattern and Driving Factors of Carbon Emission in Urban–Rural Fringe Mixed-Use Communities: Cases Study in East Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqing Zhu ◽  
Tiancheng Zhang ◽  
Weijun Gao ◽  
Danying Mei
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Urban Rural

Urban-intensive areas are responsible for an estimated 80% of greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide. The urban–rural fringe areas emit more greenhouse gases than urban centers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial pattern and driving factors of carbon emissions in urban–rural fringe mixed-use communities, and to develop planning methods to reduce carbon emissions in communities. This study identifies mixed-use communities in East Asian urban–rural fringe areas as industrial, commercial, tourism, and rental-apartment communities, subsequently using the emission factor method to calculate carbon emissions. The statistical information grid analysis and geographic information systems spatial analysis method are employed to analyze the spatial pattern of carbon emission and explore the relationship between established space, industrial economy, material consumption, social behavior, and carbon emission distribution characteristics by partial least squares regression, ultimately summing up the spatial pattern of carbon emission in the urban–rural fringe areas of East Asia. Results show that (1) mixed-use communities in the East Asian urban–rural fringe areas face tremendous pressure to reduce emissions. Mixed-use community carbon emissions in the late urbanization period are lower than those the early urbanization. (2) Mixed-use community carbon emission is featured by characteristics, such as planning structure decisiveness, road directionality, infrastructure directionality, and industrial linkage. (3) Industrial communities produce the highest carbon emissions, followed by rental-apartment communities, business communities, and tourism communities. (4) The driving factor that most affects the spatial distribution of carbon emissions is the material energy consumption. The fuel consumption per unit of land is the largest driver of carbon emissions. Using the obtained spatial pattern and its driving factors of carbon emissions, this study provides suggestions for planning and construction, industrial development, material consumption, and convenient life guidance.

Measuring carbon emission from energy consumption in a Hong Kong family

Facilities ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 324-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Yat Hung Chiang ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
Tracy N.Y. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
End Use

Purpose – This study aims to develop a prototype for measuring the carbon emissions arising from the utilization of electrical appliances in a typical Hong Kong family in Kowloon District. Design/methodology/approach – To estimate carbon emission coefficients of energy consumption, the US building energy database books are referred to, which include home appliances’ energy end-use expenditure splits and energy end-use carbon splits. Due to differences in climate, geography and culture, the estimation equations are refined with assumptions and constraints based on the context of Hong Kong. Findings – By calculating the amount of carbon emissions from different electrical appliances, including space cooling, water heating, lighting, refrigeration, wet cleaning and cooking, it is estimated that the carbon emissions from major home electrical appliances in Hong Kong’s residential building sector is 1,805,397 metric tons. According to the findings of this study, by adopting the energy-saving guidelines for space coolers, refrigerators, water heaters and washing machines, carbon emissions in Hong Kong’s residential building sector can be reduced by 155,443 metric tons, or by 8.6 per cent of the current emission. Research limitations/implications – Due to limited resources, the case study does not cover residential units in other districts of Hong Kong, including the Hong Kong Island and the New Territories. In addition, relevant institutional and financing costs of implementing the proposed practices such as increasing the air-conditioning temperature and upgrading the lighting system should be further considered. Future research will be extended to the wider territory of Hong Kong and to obtain more cases for analysis. Originality/value – This paper provides a microscopic perspective on investigating the carbon emissions associated with energy consumption from major home electrical appliances in Hong Kong’s residential buildings. By unveiling the interaction between energy consumption and carbon emission, we formulate measures and strategies for implementing a cost reduction and carbon saving scheme of Hong Kong’s residential buildings, which is in line with government’s guidelines on green buildings.

scholarly journals Driving Factors and Future Prediction of Carbon Emissions in the ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5455
Author(s):  
Lili Sun ◽  
Huijuan Cui ◽  
Quansheng Ge
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Driving Factors ◽  
Peak Time ◽  
Belt And Road Initiative ◽  
Belt And Road ◽  
Future Prediction ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
The Belt And Road

‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (B&R) countries play critical roles in mitigating global carbon emission under the Paris agreement, but their driving factors and feasibility to reduce carbon emissions remain unclear. This paper aims to identify the main driving factors (MDFs) behind carbon emissions and predict the future emissions trajectories of the B&R countries under different social-economic pathways based on the extended STIRPAT (stochastic impacts by regression on population, affluence, and technology) model. The empirical results indicate that GDP per capita and energy consumption structure are the MDFs that promote carbon emission, while energy intensity improvement is the MDF that inhibits carbon emission. Population, as another MDF, has a dual impact across countries. The carbon emissions in all B&R countries are predicted to increase from SSP1 to SSP3, but emissions trajectories vary across countries. Under the SSP1 scenario, carbon emissions in over 60% of B&R countries can peak or decline, and the aggregated peak emissions will amount to 21.97 Gt in 2030. Under the SSP2 scenario, about half of the countries can peak or decline, while their peak emissions and peak time are both higher and later than SSP1, the highest emission of 25.35 Gt is observed in 2050. Conversely, over 65% of B&R countries are incapable of either peaking or declining under the SSP3 scenario, with the highest aggregated emission of 33.10 Gt in 2050. It is further suggested that decline of carbon emission occurs when the inhibiting effects of energy intensity exceed the positive impacts of other MDFs in most B&R countries.

Emission Reduction and Economic Impacts of us Carbon Tariffs on China: Based on CGE Model Analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1370-1374
Author(s):  
Hao Luan ◽  
Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Dynamic Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Global Carbon ◽  
China’S Economy

Based on GTAP-E model, a recursive dynamic method is adopted to analyze emission reduction and economic impact of carbon tariffs levied by US on China’s economy and the effects on carbon emission. The results show that China's macroeconomic would suffer a lot. The export of sectors with high embodied carbon emission would decrease significantly. While for sectors with low embodied carbon emission although some of them have high dependence on US, the negative impact on their export would be lower due to trade diversion to other regions. While the implementation of carbon tariffs could reduce global carbon emissions, the effects are quite limited.

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