A study of people-centered early warning system in the face of near-field tsunami risk for Indonesian coastal cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkunti Pertiwi Rahayu ◽  
Louise K. Comfort ◽  
Richard Haigh ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga ◽  
Devina Khoirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Populations At Risk

Purpose This study aims to identify the gaps in current policy and propose a viable framework for policy improvement regarding people-centered tsunami early warning chain in Padang City. The objectives are: to describe the gaps and flaws in the current policy regarding local tsunami early warning chain, to identify potential actors to be involved in the tsunami early warning chain and to assess the roles and capacity of actors, and their potential for involvement in early warning. Design/methodology/approach This study is an exploratory study using social network analysis (SNA) on regulations and other legal documents, and primary data sources from a focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Findings The study found that the existed regulation lacks extension nodes to relay warnings to the populations at risk, often referred to as “the last mile.” Moreover, receiving warning information from both formal and informal sources is important to mobilize people evacuation more effectively during an emergency. The study found that mosque communities and disaster preparedness leaders are the potential actors who should be involved in the local early warning chain. Practical implications The research findings were presented as a recommendation to Padang City Government and have been legalized as the new tsunami early warning chain procedure in the Padang City Mayor Regulation 19/2018. Originality/value This research investigated local tsunami early warning dissemination in Padang City using SNA. The study demonstrates a close collaboration between researchers, practitioners and the community.

scholarly journals A new multi-sensor approach to simulation assisted tsunami early warning

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrens ◽  
A. Androsov ◽  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
S. Harig ◽  
F. Klaschka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Tsunami Forecasting ◽  
Wave Heights

Abstract. A new tsunami forecasting method for near-field tsunami warning is presented. This method is applied in the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, as part of the Indonesian Tsunami Warning Center in Jakarta, Indonesia. The method employs a rigorous approach to minimize uncertainty in the assessment of tsunami hazard in the near-field. Multiple independent sensors are evaluated simultaneously in order to achieve an accurate estimation of coastal arrival times and wave heights within very short time after a submarine earthquake event. The method is validated employing a synthetic (simulated) tsunami event, and in hindcasting the minor tsunami following the Padang 30 September 2009 earthquake.

scholarly journals Decision support system for predicting tsunami characteristics along coastline areas based on database modelling development

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan K. Hadihardaja ◽  
Hamzah Latief ◽  
Iyan E. Mulia
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Numerical Modelling ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Database System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Neural Network Learning

Tsunamis are extraordinary occurrences that are difficult to identify; most of the incidents have no recorded predictions and tsunamis are generally infrequent events with poor data acquisition. The development of a tsunami database system has become important for improving the management of information with regard to a tsunami early warning system for vulnerable communities along coastline areas. Numerical modelling is usually employed to simulate the wave height and travel time of a wave arriving at a coastline area. However, numerical modelling for tsunami prediction is too time-consuming to be useful as an early warning system for the mitigation of tsunami-related damage and loss. Therefore, this model was used to develop a tsunami database system, based on hypothetical data, in order to develop a recognition pattern for a neural network learning process that will improve the speed and accuracy of tsunami prediction. To improve the accuracy of numerical modelling and observation, an adjustment was established for an advanced training process which used a generalised regression neural network. In other words, the training and testing datasets were obtained by correcting near-field tsunami numerical models from hypothetical earthquakes. The case study was performed on part of the Southern Pangandaran coastline in West Java, Indonesia.

The upstream-downstream interface of Sri Lanka’s tsunami early warning system

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-240
Author(s):  
Richard Haigh ◽  
Maheshika Menike Sakalasuriya ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga ◽  
Senaka Basnayake ◽  
Siri Hettige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deliver a detailed analysis of the functioning of upstream–downstream interface process of the tsunami early warning and mitigation system in Sri Lanka. It also gives an understanding of the social, administrative, political and cultural complexities attached to the operation of interface mechanism, and introduces an analytical framework highlighting the significant dynamics of the interface of tsunami early warning system in Sri Lanka. Design/methodology/approach Through the initial literature review, a conceptual framework was developed, highlighting the criteria against which the interface process can be assessed. This framework was used as the basis for developing data collection tools, namely, documentary analysis, semi-structured interviews and observations that focused on the key stakeholder institutions in Sri Lanka. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data according to the conceptual framework, and an improved and detailed framework was developed deriving from the findings. Findings The manner in which the interface mechanism operates in Sri Lanka’s tsunami early warning system is discussed, providing a detailed understanding of the decision-making structures; key actors; standardisation; technical and human capacities; socio-spatial dynamics; coordination among actors; communication and information dissemination; and the evaluation processes. Several gaps and shortcomings were identified with relation to some of these aspects, and the significance of addressing these gaps is highlighted in the paper. Practical implications A number of recommendations are provided to address the existing shortcomings and to improve the overall performance of tsunami warning system in Sri Lanka. Originality/value Based on the findings, a framework was developed into a more detailed analytical framework that depicts the interface operationalisation in Sri Lanka, and can also be potentially applied to similar cases across the world. The new analytical framework was validated through a focus group discussion held in Sri Lanka with the participation of experts and practitioners.

scholarly journals Concept study of radar sensors for near-field tsunami early warning

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1957-1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Börner ◽  
M. Galletti ◽  
N. P. Marquart ◽  
G. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Microwave Remote Sensing ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Tsunami Waves ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Near Space ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Abstract. Off-shore detection of tsunami waves is a critical component of an effective tsunami early warning system (TEWS). Even more critical is the off-shore detection of local tsunamis, namely tsunamis that strike coastal areas within minutes after generation. In this paper we propose new concepts for near-field tsunami early detection, based on innovative and up-to-date microwave remote sensing techniques. We particularly introduce the NESTRAD (NEar-Space Tsunami RADar) concept, which consists of a real aperture radar accommodated inside a stationary stratospheric airship providing continuous monitoring of tsunamigenic oceanic trenches.

Framing the role of higher education in sustainable development: a case study analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Elmassah ◽  
Marwa Biltagy ◽  
Doaa Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Educational Leaders ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Study Analysis

Purpose Higher education institutions (HEIs) should play a fundamental role in achieving the international 2030 sustainable development (SD) agenda. Quality education is the fourth of the sustainable development goals (SDGs), and one of the targets related to this is to ensure that by 2030 all learners acquire the knowledge and skills needed to promote SD. Therefore, the SDGs provide a motive for HEIs to integrate SD concepts into their day-to-day practices. This study aims to introduce a framework for HEIs’ sustainable development assessment. Such a framework guides HEIs and educational leaders to support their countries’ commitments to achieving the SDGs. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents the results of a case study analysis of the role and successful techniques of HEIs in achieving SD in three countries, namely, Germany, Japan and Egypt. Primary data was collected by semi-structured interviews with three Cairo University officials, while secondary data was collected by reviewing the universities' official websites, reports, publications and related papers. This study introduces a novel framework for HEIs' SD analysis and assessment, which guides HEIs and educational leaders to support SD to fulfill their countries' commitments to achieving the SDGs. This framework is based on the following five categories: strategic direction and institutional working practices, supporting students, supporting university staff competencies, supporting society's stakeholders and networking and sustainable campus. Consideration is given to the potential role of HEIs to support SD in each of these areas. Findings Cairo University could learn from the novel and pioneer practices of the Leuphana University of Lüneburg, and the University of Tokyo to fill in the gaps it has in different roles. It can also put more effort into adopting the suggested higher education programs of Egypt's Vision 2030. Research limitations/implications This paper is limited to a case analysis comparing three countries, Germany, Japan and Egypt. Second, this study has not considered school education, which is equally essential in countries' SD. Practical implications HEIs can use the framework and the findings in this paper to evaluate their current roles in supporting SD, identify the gaps and take actions accordingly to address their weaknesses. Originality/value The paper compares three universities, one in each of the case study countries. It draws conclusions that identify ways in which the paper's framework and findings can guide SD practice in HEIs internationally, especially those in the developing world.

scholarly journals Source modeling and inversion with near real-time GPS: a GITEWS perspective for Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
A. Hoechner ◽  
S. V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Source Models

Abstract. We present the GITEWS approach to source modeling for the tsunami early warning in Indonesia. Near-field tsunami implies special requirements to both warning time and details of source characterization. To meet these requirements, we employ geophysical and geological information to predefine a maximum number of rupture parameters. We discretize the tsunamigenic Sunda plate interface into an ordered grid of patches (150×25) and employ the concept of Green's functions for forward and inverse rupture modeling. Rupture Generator, a forward modeling tool, additionally employs different scaling laws and slip shape functions to construct physically reasonable source models using basic seismic information only (magnitude and epicenter location). GITEWS runs a library of semi- and fully-synthetic scenarios to be extensively employed by system testing as well as by warning center personnel teaching and training. Near real-time GPS observations are a very valuable complement to the local tsunami warning system. Their inversion provides quick (within a few minutes on an event) estimation of the earthquake magnitude, rupture position and, in case of sufficient station coverage, details of slip distribution.

scholarly journals Assessing the quality of collaboration towards the achievement of Sustainable Energy Innovation in PFI school projects

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sulafa M. Badi ◽  
Stephen D Pryke
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Energy Innovation

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of collaboration towards Sustainable Energy Innovation (SEI) in Private Finance Initiative (PFI) projects. While the capacity of PFI to encourage collaboration towards innovation is largely advocated by its proponents; however, it remains to be supported by empirical evidence. Design/methodology/approach – Adopting the Complex Product System (CoPS) innovation management model, the authors assess the quality of collaboration at the interface between the innovation superstructure of public sector clients and users, and the innovation infrastructure of private sector designers, contractors and operators. Two interactional elements are examined upon which the quality of collaboration is assessed: openness of communication and alignment of objectives. The authors apply the model to four new-built PFI school projects within the context of the UK government Building Schools for the Future Programme. Semi-structured interviews with total of 50 key stakeholders were used as the primary data collection method. Findings – PFI has introduced a number of problematic issues weakening collaborative efforts towards innovation in the project environment. Particularly, the study underlines the restricting internal contractual relationships within the integrated Project Company and the misalignment of Design-Construction-Operation sustainability objectives. It also highlights ineffective communication with public sector clients and users brought in by the restricted nature of PFI engagement processes as well as the misalignment of public sector-private sector sustainability objectives. Research limitations/implications – The qualitative nature of the chosen research methodology limits the ability to generalise. The research findings need to be confirmed or rejected by means of quantitative research as representative of all PFI projects. Practical implications – The study emphasizes the public authority’s role in relation to providing the necessary conditions for the creation of a collaborative environment conducive to SEI in PFI projects. Originality/value – The study was able to expand the understanding of innovation and collaboration management processes in PFI projects in three respects: First, addressing the limited attention to innovation in PFI research, the study is the first to examine the quality of collaboration in PFI projects towards the implementation SEI. Second, examining the quality of collaboration in PFI projects through the lens of CoPS provides a new understanding of sustainability innovation and strongly indicates that the CoPS model should be expanded to account for the dynamics of innovation processes in the procurement of sustainable CoPS. Third, the explorative nature of the study was useful in generating research hypotheses that can form the basis for future research on SEI in PFI projects.

Toward a typology of weak-signal early alert systems: functional early warning systems in the post-COVID age

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Černý ◽  
Martin Potančok ◽  
Elias Castro Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Peer Review ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Weak Signal ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Weak Signals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Human In The Loop ◽  
Early Alert Systems

PurposeThe study aims to expand on the concept of an early warning system (EWS) by introducing weak-signal detection, human-in-the-loop (HIL) verification and response tuning as integral parts of an EWS's design.Design/methodology/approachThe authors bibliographically highlight the evolution of EWS over the last 30+ years, discuss instances of EWSs in various types of organizations and industries and highlight limitations of current systems.FindingsProposed system to be used in the transforming of weak signals to early warnings and associated weak/strong responses.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to existing literature by presenting (1) novel approaches to dealing with some of the well-known issues associated with contemporary EWS and (2) an event-agnostic heuristic for dealing with weak signals.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/OIR-11-2020-0513.

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