scholarly journals Source modeling and inversion with near real-time GPS: a GITEWS perspective for Indonesia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
A. Hoechner ◽  
S. V. Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Source Modeling ◽  
Plate Interface ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Source Models

Abstract. We present the GITEWS approach to source modeling for the tsunami early warning in Indonesia. Near-field tsunami implies special requirements to both warning time and details of source characterization. To meet these requirements, we employ geophysical and geological information to predefine a maximum number of rupture parameters. We discretize the tsunamigenic Sunda plate interface into an ordered grid of patches (150×25) and employ the concept of Green's functions for forward and inverse rupture modeling. Rupture Generator, a forward modeling tool, additionally employs different scaling laws and slip shape functions to construct physically reasonable source models using basic seismic information only (magnitude and epicenter location). GITEWS runs a library of semi- and fully-synthetic scenarios to be extensively employed by system testing as well as by warning center personnel teaching and training. Near real-time GPS observations are a very valuable complement to the local tsunami warning system. Their inversion provides quick (within a few minutes on an event) estimation of the earthquake magnitude, rupture position and, in case of sufficient station coverage, details of slip distribution.

scholarly journals Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Falck ◽  
M. Ramatschi ◽  
C. Subarya ◽  
M. Bartsch ◽  
A. Merx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Land Mass

Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision, reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels (measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements. The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007). This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system, from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems, either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time. This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products of the GPS-based early warning system components.

scholarly journals A new multi-sensor approach to simulation assisted tsunami early warning

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1085-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Behrens ◽  
A. Androsov ◽  
A. Y. Babeyko ◽  
S. Harig ◽  
F. Klaschka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Warning ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Rigorous Approach ◽  
Tsunami Forecasting ◽  
Wave Heights

Abstract. A new tsunami forecasting method for near-field tsunami warning is presented. This method is applied in the German-Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, as part of the Indonesian Tsunami Warning Center in Jakarta, Indonesia. The method employs a rigorous approach to minimize uncertainty in the assessment of tsunami hazard in the near-field. Multiple independent sensors are evaluated simultaneously in order to achieve an accurate estimation of coastal arrival times and wave heights within very short time after a submarine earthquake event. The method is validated employing a synthetic (simulated) tsunami event, and in hindcasting the minor tsunami following the Padang 30 September 2009 earthquake.

scholarly journals Kajian Kerentanan Fasilitas Darat Ina-CBT terhadap Guncangan Gempabumi

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40
Author(s):  
Mulyo Harris Pradono
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Early Warning System ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning

Ina-CBT adalah Indonesia Cable-Based Tsunamimeter (atau Tsunameter). Ina-CBT adalah bagian dari Ina-TEWS (Indonesia Tsunami Early Warning System) yang merupakan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia yang bertujuan memberikan peringatan dini tsunami saat kejadian berlangsung. Cable-Based Tsunamimeter ini terdiri dari sensor bawah laut yang mengukur getaran gempa dan tekanan air. Data getaran dan tekanan kemudian diteruskan melalui kabel bawah laut sampai ke daratan. Fasilitas di daratan menjadi sangat penting karena secara real time mengirim data melalui radio ke pusat pemantauan. Fasilitas daratan terdiri dari Beach Man Hole (BMH), Menara, dan Rumah Listrik. Semua fasilitas ini harus tetap bekerja walaupun guncangan gempa besar terjadi yang mengawali terjadinya tsunami. Fasilitas ini juga harus dibuat aman terhadap terjangan tsunami. Di dalam makalah ini, kerentanan fasilitas tersebut dikaji terhadap guncangan gempa sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku.

TSUNAMI EARLY WARNING SYSTEM — AN INDIAN OCEAN PERSPECTIVE

2008 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 197-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. PRASAD KUMAR ◽  
R. RAJESH KUMAR ◽  
S. K. DUBE ◽  
A. D. RAO ◽  
TAD MURTY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Travel Time Prediction ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Tsunami Travel Time ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Indian Ocean

On 26th December 2004, the countries within the vicinity of East Indian Ocean experienced the most devastating tsunami in recorded history. This tsunami was triggered by an earthquake of magnitude 9.0 on the Richter scale at 3.4°N, 95.7°E off the coast of Sumatra in the Indonesian Archipelago at 06:29 hrs IST (00:59 hrs GMT). One of the most basic information that any tsunami warning center should have at its disposal, is information on Tsunami Travel Times (TTT) to various coastal locations surrounding the Indian Ocean rim, as well as to several island locations. Devoid of this information, no ETA's (expected times of arrival) can be included in the real-time tsunami warnings. The work describes on development of a comprehensive TTT atlas providing ETA's to various coastal destinations in the Indian Ocean rim. This Atlas was first released on the first anniversary of the Indian Ocean Tsunami and was dedicated to the victims. Application of soft computing tools like Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for prediction of ETA can be immensely useful in a real-time mode. The major advantage of using ANN in a real-time tsunami travel time prediction is its high merit in producing ETA at a much faster time and also simultaneously preserving the consistency of prediction. Overall, it can be mentioned that modern technology can prevent or help in minimizing the loss of life and property provided we integrate all essential components in the warning system and put it to the best possible use.

scholarly journals Calibration of a real-time tsunami detection algorithm for sites with no instrumental tsunami records: application to stations in Eastern Sicily, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 2455-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bressan ◽  
F. Zaniboni ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Tsunami Detection ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Level Data

Abstract. Coastal tide-gauges play a very important role in a Tsunami Warning System, since sea-level data are needed for a correct evaluation of the tsunami threat and the tsunami arrival has to be recognised as early as possible. Real-time tsunami detection algorithms serve this purpose. For an efficient detection they have to be calibrated and adapted to the specific local characteristics of the site where they are installed, which is easily done when the station has recorded a sufficiently large number of tsunamis. In this case the recorded database can be used to select the best set of parameters enhancing the discrimination power of the algorithm and minimizing the detection time. This chance is however rare, since most of the coastal tide-gauge stations, either historical or of new installation, have recorded only a few tsunamis in their lifetime, if not any. In this case calibration must be carried out by using synthetic tsunami signals, which poses the problem of how to generate them and how to use them. This paper investigates this issue and proposes a calibration approach by using as an example a specific case, that is the calibration of a real-time detection algorithm called TEDA for two stations, namely Tremestieri and Catania, in eastern Sicily, Italy, that have been recently installed in the frame of the Italian project TSUNET, aiming at improving the tsunami monitoring capacity in a region that is one of the most hazardous tsunami areas of Italy and of the Mediterranean.

scholarly journals The Italian National Seismic Network and the earthquake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Michelini ◽  
Lucia Margheriti ◽  
Marco Cattaneo ◽  
Gianpaolo Cecere ◽  
Giuseppe D'Anna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Seismic Network ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Civil Protection ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
The North

Abstract. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution, with focus on Earth Sciences. INGV runs the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) and other networks at national scale for monitoring earthquakes and tsunami as a part of the National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile, DPC). RSN is composed of about 400 stations, mainly broadband, installed in the Country and in the surrounding regions; about 110 stations feature also co-located strong motion instruments, and about 180 have GPS receivers and belong to the National GPS network (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS, RING). The data acquisition system was designed to accomplish, in near-real-time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, moment tensors, shake maps and other products of interest for DPC. Database archiving of all parametric results are closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic monitoring environment and surveillance procedures. INGV is one of the primary nodes of ORFEUS (Observatories & Research Facilities for European Seismology) EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive) for the archiving and distribution of continuous, quality checked seismic data. The strong motion network data are archived and distributed both in EIDA and in event based archives; GPS data, from the RING network are also archived, analyzed and distributed at INGV. Overall, the Italian earthquake surveillance service provides, in quasi real-time, hypocenter parameters to the DPC. These are then revised routinely by the analysts of the Italian Seismic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano, BSI). The results are published on the web, these are available to both the scientific community and the general public. The INGV surveillance includes a pre-operational tsunami alert service since INGV is one of the Tsunami Service providers of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami warning System (NEAMTWS).

Quasi-real-time on-fault heterogeneous slip distributions for tsunami early warning purposes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Armigliato ◽  
Enrico Baglione ◽  
Stefano Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Early Warning ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Slip Distribution ◽  
Slip Model ◽  
Fault Models ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Run Up

<p><span>The study presented here takes the move from two well-known premises in tsunami science: the slip distribution on earthquake faults is heterogeneous and, in the case of tsunamigenic earthquakes, slip heterogeneity influences significantly the distribution of tsunami run-ups, especially for near-field areas. In the perspective of tsunami early warning, a crucial issue is to obtain a reasonable slip distribution within a time significantly shorter than the time taken by the waves to impact the nearest coastlines.</span></p><p><span>When an earthquake occurs, the only information that becomes available after a few minutes concerns the location of the earthquake and its magnitude. The first finite-fault models (FFM), based on seismic/geodetic data inversion, become available several hours or even days after the earthquake origin time. In the case of tsunamigenic earthquakes, tsunami waveforms useful for inversion become available after the tsunami passage at the recording stations. From the warning perspective, the time to get FFM representations is therefore too long for the near-source coastal areas. </span></p><p><span>We propose and describe a strategy whose goal is to derive in quasi-real-time a reasonable representation of the heterogeneous slip distribution on the fault responsible for a given tsunamigenic earthquake and to forecast the run-up distribution along the nearest coastlines. The strategy is illustrated in its application to the 16 September 2015 Illapel (Chile) tsunamigenic earthquake.</span></p><p><span>Realistically, the hypocentre location and the magnitude of the event can be available within two-three minutes. Knowing the hypocentre location permits us to place the fault plane in a definite geographical reference, while the knowledge of magnitude allows to derive the fault dimension and the slip model. A key point here is that we can derive slip models only knowing the magnitude and the location of the hypocenter. Among these models, we adopt simple 2D Gaussian Distributions (GDs), representing the main asperity, whose parameters can be deduced from properly defined regression laws. The 2D-GD simple representation takes a very short time to be derived. To complete the characterization of the tsunamigenic source, focal parameters can be safely derived from seismological databases, while the position of the fault represents a trickier point, as the fault plane is not necessarily centered at the earthquake hypocentre. To take this uncertainty into account, as a first approach three faults for each slip model are considered: 1) a plane centered on the hypocentre, 2) a fault shifted northwards, 3) a fault shifted southwards. </span></p><p><span>We run tsunami simulations for each adopted slip distribution and for each fault position, and compare the results against the available observed tide-gauge and run-up data in the near-field. We compare the performance of our 2D-GD models with respect to the finite-fault models retrieved from inversion procedures, published months after the 2015 event. We demonstrate that the 2D-GD method performs very satisfactorily in comparison to more refined, non-real-time published FFMs and hence permits to produce reliable real-time tsunami simulations very quickly and can be used as an experimental procedure in the frame of operational tsunami warning systems. </span></p>

scholarly journals Calibration of a real-time tsunami detection algorithm for sites with no instrumental tsunami records: application to coastal tide-gauge stations in eastern Sicily, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3129-3144 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Bressan ◽  
F. Zaniboni ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Tsunami Warning System ◽  
Discrimination Power ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Tsunami Detection ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Level Data

Abstract. Coastal tide gauges play a very important role in a tsunami warning system, since sea-level data are needed for a correct evaluation of the tsunami threat, and the tsunami arrival has to be recognized as early as possible. Real-time tsunami detection algorithms serve this purpose. For an efficient detection, they have to be calibrated and adapted to the specific local characteristics of the site where they are installed, which is easily done when the station has recorded a sufficiently large number of tsunamis. In this case the recorded database can be used to select the best set of parameters enhancing the discrimination power of the algorithm and minimizing the detection time. This chance is however rare, since most of the coastal tide-gauge stations, either historical or of new installation, have recorded only a few tsunamis in their lifetimes, if any. In this case calibration must be carried out by using synthetic tsunami signals, which poses the problem of how to generate them and how to use them. This paper investigates this issue and proposes a calibration approach by using as an example a specific case, which is the calibration of a real-time detection algorithm called TEDA (Tsunami Early Detection Algorithm) for two stations (namely Tremestieri and Catania) in eastern Sicily, Italy, which were recently installed in the frame of the Italian project TSUNET, aiming at improving the tsunami monitoring capacity in a region that is one of the most hazardous tsunami areas of Italy and of the Mediterranean.

A study of people-centered early warning system in the face of near-field tsunami risk for Indonesian coastal cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkunti Pertiwi Rahayu ◽  
Louise K. Comfort ◽  
Richard Haigh ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga ◽  
Devina Khoirunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Warning System ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Current Policy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tsunami Early Warning ◽  
Populations At Risk

Purpose This study aims to identify the gaps in current policy and propose a viable framework for policy improvement regarding people-centered tsunami early warning chain in Padang City. The objectives are: to describe the gaps and flaws in the current policy regarding local tsunami early warning chain, to identify potential actors to be involved in the tsunami early warning chain and to assess the roles and capacity of actors, and their potential for involvement in early warning. Design/methodology/approach This study is an exploratory study using social network analysis (SNA) on regulations and other legal documents, and primary data sources from a focus group discussion and semi-structured interviews. Findings The study found that the existed regulation lacks extension nodes to relay warnings to the populations at risk, often referred to as “the last mile.” Moreover, receiving warning information from both formal and informal sources is important to mobilize people evacuation more effectively during an emergency. The study found that mosque communities and disaster preparedness leaders are the potential actors who should be involved in the local early warning chain. Practical implications The research findings were presented as a recommendation to Padang City Government and have been legalized as the new tsunami early warning chain procedure in the Padang City Mayor Regulation 19/2018. Originality/value This research investigated local tsunami early warning dissemination in Padang City using SNA. The study demonstrates a close collaboration between researchers, practitioners and the community.

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