scholarly journals Initiating nascent entrepreneurial activities

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Chandra Bayon ◽  
Yancy Vaillant ◽  
Esteban Lafuente
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ability ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct effect of two individual-level resources, one subjective and the other objective, and their interaction in influencing the business entry decision. By distinguishing perceived ability from actual ability and using theoretical underpinnings from the human capital theory and self-efficacy theory, the proposed hypotheses are tested on a data set comprising respondents from the adult population. Design/methodology/approach – Using 20,046 observations from the adult population survey (APS) collected according to the global entrepreneurship monitor (GEM) methodology, a logistic regression analysis controlling for robust interaction term is used to determine the direct and interaction effect of perceived entrepreneurial ability and actual ability in influencing the decision to initiate nascent entrepreneurial activities. Findings – The results reveal that perceived entrepreneurial ability has a distinct positive influence on the decision to initiate entrepreneurial activities and its impact is greater than that of actual abilities. Furthermore, the authors find evidence of a positive interaction effect suggesting that perceived entrepreneurial ability is a key determinant of entrepreneurial initiatives among those with high actual ability. Originality/value – The main contribution of the study is to highlight the role of subjective judgements of ability in influencing entrepreneurial behaviour. Whereas prior research has found that actual ability influences new venture performance, its influence on new business entry was inconclusive. By including perceived entrepreneurial ability to the model the authors not only establish a link between objective (observable) abilities and subjective (unobservable) abilities of individuals but also suggest the mechanism through which subjective ability perception drive the business entry decisions of individuals.

Understanding entrepreneurial academics ‐ how they perceive their environment differently

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Davey ◽  
Victoria Galan-Muros
Keyword(s):  
Academic Entrepreneurship ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Narrow View ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeAcademic entrepreneurship is seen as a pathway for universities to create value from their knowledge. However, there has been a lack of clarity about what activities constitute academic entrepreneurship, the different type of entrepreneurial academics and how their perceptions of their environment relate to their engagement.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on a large data set of 10,836 responses across 33 countries, the empirical study investigates European academics who undertake four academic entrepreneurship activities (spin-out creation, commercialisation of R&D results, joint R&D and consulting) to determine if they perceive the environment for academic entrepreneurship differently than those who undertake only some of the activities and those undertaking none at all.FindingsThe findings show that less than 1% of academics undertake exclusively spin-offs creation or R&D commercialisation; however, the majority also engage in other entrepreneurial activities such as joint R&D and consulting and even other education and management engagement activities with industry. In addition, entrepreneurial academics in Europe perceive significantly higher motivators and more developed supporting mechanisms for academic entrepreneurship. However, their perceptions of barriers are similar.Practical implicationsAt a managerial and policy level, the study results call into question universities prioritising a narrow view of academic entrepreneurship which focusses only on spin-offs creation and R&D commercialisation. Instead, a broader view of academic entrepreneurship is recommended and appropriate mechanisms in place to enable academics to achieve research outcomes from their entrepreneurial activity.Originality/valueThis paper offers an important contribution on how the perception of the environment contributes to the development of entrepreneurial behaviour in individual academics.

Does video games’ popularity affect unemployment rate? Evidence from macro-level analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Parshakov ◽  
Sofiia Paklina ◽  
Dennis Coates ◽  
Aleksei Chadov
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Leisure Activity ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Prize Money ◽  
Content Type

PurposeVideo games are considered as a leisure activity that makes being unemployed more attractive than before. In this study, the authors use eSports prizes as a proxy for the popularity of video games to analyze its influence on total and youth unemployment.Design/methodology/approachThe authors develop a theoretical model and empirically test it using the total prize money won by representatives of a country in a given season in eSports tournaments, via a panel regression model with the country-year as a unit of observation. The data set includes information about 191 countries between 2000 and 2015.FindingsThe authors’ results of regression analysis show a positive influence of the popularity of video games on the unemployment rate. In addition, the authors analyze this effect for countries with different levels of income and labor productivity. The authors found a significant inverse relationship between income level and the effect of the popularity of video games on total and youth unemployment.Originality/valueWhile previous studies rely mostly on self-reported data, the authors suggest a new approach to measure video game popularity. This paper contributes to existing knowledge with empirical evidence on how leisure activities affect unemployment at the country level.

Corporate tax planning and corporate tax disclosure

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-364
Author(s):  
Mahfoudh Hussein Mgammal
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Corporate Tax ◽  
Effective Tax Rate ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of corporate tax planning (TP) on tax disclosure (TD). Using tax expenses data set, with the detailed effective tax rate (ETR) by reconciling individual items of income and expenses. Design/methodology/approach A firm-level panel data set is used to analyse 286 non-financial listed companies on Bursa Malaysia that spans the period 2010-2012. Multivariate statistical analyses were run on the sample data. The empirical understanding of TD depends on public sources of data in the financial statement, characterized in the aggregated note of tax expenses. Fitting with Malaysian environment, the authors measured TD using modified ETR reconciling items. Findings Results show that TP, exhibit a robust positive influence on TD. This suggests that TP is related to lower corporate TD. In addition, companies with high TP attempt to mitigate the disclosure problem by increasing various TD. The authors further find significant positive impact between each of firm size and industry dummy, on TD. This means that company-specific characteristics are significant factors affecting corporate TD. Research limitations/implications This study contributes to the literature on the effect of TP on TD. It depends on both the signalling theory and the Scholes–Wolfson framework, which are the main theories concerned with TP and TD. Therefore, from a theoretical side, the authors add to the current theories by verifying that users are the party influenced whether positively or negatively, by the extent of TD or the extent of TP activities through Malaysian organizations. Practical implications The evidence found in this paper has important policy and practical implications for the authorities, researchers, decision makers and company managers. The findings can provide them some relevant insights on the importance of TP actions from companies’ perspective and contribute to the discussion of who verifies and deduces from TD directed by companies. Originality/value This paper originality is regarded as the first attempt to examine the impact of TP on TD in a developing country such as Malaysia. Malaysian setting is an interesting one to examine because Malaysia could be similar to other countries in Southeast Asia. Results contribute significant insights to the discussion about TD regarding, which parties are responsible for the verification of TD by firms, and which parties benefit from this disclosure. Findings suggest that companies face a trade-off between tax benefits and TD when selecting the type of their TP.

scholarly journals Industry and leadership experiences of the heads of departments and their impact on the performance of public universities

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 3321-3345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Rybnicek ◽  
Karl-Heinz Leitner ◽  
Lisa Baumgartner ◽  
Julia Plakolm
Keyword(s):  
Publication Output ◽  
Research Performance ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Scientific Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify whether the prior industry experience (IE) or industry leadership experience (ILE) of the head might influence the department’s publication output, the ability to acquire external research funds or its entrepreneurial activities (e.g. the commercialization of research results through patents). Design/methodology/approach The study is based on data from 208 Austrian university departments and combines data from different sources (CVs of the heads of departments, commercial register, funding data and publication data). Findings The results show a positive relationship between ILE and the patent output of the departments as one indicator for the commercialization of research activities. Low positive effects of IE on the extent of third-party funding were also found. Furthermore, the scientific experience of the head of department has a positive influence on the publication output of the whole department. Practical implications The findings suggest that the scientific ability of researchers should be key when selecting the head of a department, due to the fact that scientific performance is still essential for most of these units. However, when universities seek to focus more strongly on other, for example, entrepreneurial activities, then additional competencies come into play. As the actual focus of universities is currently subject to change, former IE and ILE will become increasingly more important and the heads of departments will play a decisive role in the transition toward becoming an entrepreneurial university. Therefore, universities are well advised to integrate these experiences in the job specifications and to establish processes that facilitate the change from an industrial to a university job or which allow “double lives” in university and industry. Originality/value Previous studies have mostly investigated the role of the scientific experience of academic leaders in the research performance of their institution in later decades. This study examines the actual relevance of previous entrepreneurial experiences of heads of departments to the departments’ research performance, the ability to acquire external research funds or their entrepreneurial activities.

Green hotel adoption: a personal choice or social pressure?

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 3287-3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Balaji ◽  
Yangyang Jiang ◽  
Subhash Jha
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Intention To Stay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Green Hotel ◽  
Green Hotels

Purpose This study aims to examine the potential guest perception of green hotel attributes (GHAs) and the underlying mechanism through which GHA perception influences attitude toward green hotels, intention to stay at green hotels and willingness to pay a premium. It also investigates the moderating roles of personal norms and social norms in the influence of GHA perception on identification and trust toward green hotels. Design/methodology/approach A two-stage survey was used to collect data via Prolific Academic. The authors tested the hypotheses on 521 valid responses using the partial least squares method. Findings The results show that identification and trust mediate the effect of GHA perception on attitude, intention to stay and willingness to pay a premium for green hotels. The authors found a positive interaction effect between GHA perception and personal norms on identification and trust and a negative interaction effect between social norms and GHA perception on trust. The interaction effect of GHA perception and social norms on identification is not significant. Originality/value This study presents an integrated framework for green hotel adoption by examining the potential guest perception of GHAs and explores how it fosters positive guest responses. Findings show that GHA perception positively influences potential guest responses through identification (the personal route) and trust (the social route). This study also simultaneously considers personal norms and social norms, together with the effects of their interactions with GHA perception on identification and trust.

Effectiveness of frequent inventory audits in retail stores: an empirical evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Rafay Ishfaq ◽  
Uzma Raja
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Error Profile ◽  
Novel Approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on the effectiveness of the inventory audit process to manage operational issues related to inventory errors in retail stores. An evaluation framework is proposed based on developing an error profile of store inventory using product attributes and inventory information. Design/methodology/approach A store inventory error profile is developed using data on price, sales, popularity, replenishment cycle, inventory levels and inventory errors. A simulation model of store inventory management system grounded in empirical data is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the inventory audit process in a high SKU-variety retail store. The framework is tested using a large transaction data set comprised of over 200,000 records for 7,400 SKUs. Findings The results show that store inventory exhibits different inventory error profile groups that would determine the effectiveness of store inventory audits. The results also identify an interaction effect between store inventory policies and replenishment process that moderates the effectiveness of inventory audits. Research limitations/implications The analysis is based on data collected from a single focal firm and does not cover all the different segments of the retail industry. However, the evaluation framework presented in the paper is fully generalizable to different retail settings offering opportunity for additional studies. Practical implications The findings about the role of different error profile groups and the interaction effect of store audits with inventory and store replenishments would help retailers incorporate a more effective inventory audit process in their stores. Originality/value This paper presents a novel approach that uses store inventory profiles to evaluate the effectiveness of inventory audits. Unlike previous papers, it is the first empirical study in this area that is based on inventory error data gathered from multiple audits that identify the interaction effect of inventory policy and replenishments on the inventory audit process.

Sheepskin effects in Japan

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas K. Bauer ◽  
Patrick J. Dross ◽  
John P. Haisken‐DeNew
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Admission Policy ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recruitment System

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the role of sheepskin effects in the return to education in Japan.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides a short description of the Japanese schooling and recruitment system. It then describes the data set and the empirical approach. Estimation results are presented for the various specifications. The baseline specification closely follows existing studies for the USA to facilitate comparability across the two countries. The paper further investigates whether there are significant firm‐size differences in the estimated sheepskin effects and whether sheepskin effects disappear with increasing job tenure.FindingsThe estimation results indicate that sheepskin effects explain about 50 percent of the total returns to schooling. The paper further finds that education as a signal is only important for workers in small firms with the size of these effects being similar to comparable estimates for the USA. Finally, the estimated degree effects decrease with firm tenure, in particular for small firms. These results could be explained by the particular recruitment system of large firms in Japan, which makes university diploma as a screening device unimportant for large firms and the admission policy of Japanese universities.Originality/valueBy investigating the role of sheepskin effects in a labor market that differs substantially from the labor market in the USA, the paper provides additional insights to the human capital theory‐screening hypothesis debate.

National social capital, perceived entrepreneurial ability and entrepreneurial intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirmahmood Amini Sedeh ◽  
Hooman Abootorabi ◽  
Jing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Entrepreneurial Ability

PurposeGrounded in theory of planned behavior, this study explores how national social capital, as an important but untested element of institutional environment, influences the effect of perceived entrepreneurial ability on entrepreneurial intentions.Design/methodology/approachUsing data of more than 95,000 individuals in 33 countries from Adult Population Survey (APS) conducted by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), combined with data collected by World Values Survey (WVS), this study employs hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to assess the moderation effect of national social capital on the relationship between perceived entrepreneurial ability of individuals nested within different countries and entrepreneurial intentions.FindingsThe results reveal that national social capital enhances the positive impact of perceived entrepreneurial ability on the intent of individuals to start a new business. Notably, this study finds all three components of national social capital – generalized trust, breadth of formal organizational memberships and civic engagement– strengthen the influence of perceived entrepreneurial ability on entrepreneurial intentions.Originality/valueAs the main contribution, this research illustrates the combined effects of social environment (i.e. national social capital) and individuals' evaluations regarding their ability to start a business (i.e. perceived entrepreneurial ability) on entrepreneurial intentions. This study highlights that national social capital complements perceived entrepreneurial ability by helping identify favorable start-up conditions and increasing the tendency of people to act on those conditions.

COVID-19 pandemic and entrepreneurial intention among university students: a contextualisation of the Igbo Traditional Business School

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agu Godswill Agu ◽  
Onwuka Onwuka Okwara ◽  
Ebere Rejoice Okocha ◽  
Nnamdi O. Madichie
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Business School ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Behaviour ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Government

PurposeThis study investigates and contextualises the Igbo Traditional Business School (ITBS) and planned entrepreneurial behaviour across Nigerian higher education sector in a period of crisis occasioned by the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on a quantitative survey of undergraduate students on ITBS, and the data were analysed using the SmartPLS structural equation modelling (SEM).FindingsThe study finds that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative influence on attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control (PBC) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) of students, but these negative influences are mediated/moderated by the ITBS.Practical implicationsThe study presents some practical and managerial implications that will be of interest to ITBS administrators, the government and other stakeholder groups.Originality/valueWhile research has increasingly explored the role of the ITBS in promoting entrepreneurial activities, not much has been linked to coping mechanisms for students in crisis times. The study unearths the “positive” influence of the pandemic on entrepreneurship and how the ITBS mediates the “negative” aspects of COVID-19 on entrepreneurial vocation.

scholarly journals Competitiveness and managerial discretion: an empirical investigation at the national-level

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moustafa Salman Haj Youssef ◽  
Hiba Maher Hussein ◽  
Ioannis Christodoulou
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Managerial Discretion ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Country Competitiveness

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the national-level predictors of country competitiveness using the concept of managerial discretion. The objective is to empirically link the strategic management discipline particularly the upper echelon theory to the concept of country performance measured by competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper tests the proposed relationship between managerial discretion and country competitiveness using a sample of 18 countries from 6 different regional clusters. Discretion scores are generated from survey responses of prominent senior management consultants, while country competitiveness is measured via the Global Competitiveness Index developed by the World Economic Forum. A multi-level regression analysis on the panel data set spanning 10 years of national competitiveness levels is used to empirically demonstrate the association between managerial discretion and country competitiveness.FindingsThe authors show that managerial discretion is a direct predictor of national competitiveness through its ability to provide CEOs with a wider array of actions to innovate and enhance firm performance which will ultimately contribute to country competitiveness.Practical implicationsThe positive influence of managerial discretion on country competitiveness provide an interesting framework to examine the influence of firms over public policy-making. Additionally, with businesses becoming increasingly globalized, the profile of countries becomes of a great importance and can become a tool for corporate strategic decisions, such as: market entry strategies.Originality/valueBy linking the well-known term of competitiveness to the concept of managerial discretion, the authors provide a totally new approach to assess country performance. Additionally, this paper contributes to the growing literature of managerial discretion by discovering new national-level consequences.

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