Achieving protection against man-in-the-middle attack in HB family protocols implemented in RFID tags

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Aseeri ◽  
Omaimah Bamasag
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Resource Constraints ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Formal Proofs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Man In The Middle ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
Lightweight Authentication

Purpose In the past few years, HB-like protocols have gained much attention in the field of lightweight authentication protocols due to their efficient functioning and large potential applications in low-cost radio frequency identification tags, which are on the other side spreading so fast. However, most published HB protocols are vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks such as GRS or OOV attacks. The purpose of this research is to investigate security issues pertaining to HB-like protocols with an aim of improving their security and efficiency. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, a new and secure variant of HB family protocols named HB-MP* is proposed and designed, using the techniques of random rotation. The security of the proposed protocol is proven using formal proofs. Also, a prototype of the protocol is implemented to check its applicability, test the security in implementation and to compare its performance with the most related protocol. Findings The HB-MP* protocol is found secure against passive and active adversaries and is implementable within the tight resource constraints of today’s EPC-type RFID tags. Accordingly, the HB-MP* protocol provides higher security than previous HB-like protocols without sacrificing performance. Originality/value This paper proposes a new HB variant called HB-MP* that tries to be immune against the pre-mentioned attacks and at the same time keeping the simple structure. It will use only lightweight operations to randomize the rotation of the secret.

A review of passive self-sensing tag

Sensor Review ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yawei Xu ◽  
Lihong Dong ◽  
Haidou Wang ◽  
Jiannong Jing ◽  
Yongxiang Lu
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Sensor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Passive Sensing ◽  
Static Information ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Tags

Purpose Radio frequency identification tags for passive sensing have attracted wide attention in the area of Internet of Things (IoT). Among them, some tags can sense the property change of objects without an integrated sensor, which is a new trend of passive sensing based on tag. The purpose of this paper is to review recent research on passive self-sensing tags (PSSTs). Design/methodology/approach The PSSTs reported in the past decade are classified in terms of sensing mode, composition and the ways of power supply. This paper presents operation principles of PSSTs and analyzes the characteristics of them. Moreover, the paper focuses on summarizing the latest sensing parameters of PSSTs and their matching equipment. Finally, some potential applications and challenges faced by this emerging technique are discussed. Findings PSST is suitable for long-term and large-scale monitoring compared to conventional sensors because it gets rid of the limitation of battery and has relatively low cost. Also, the static information of objects stored in different PSSTs can be identified by a single reader without touch. Originality/value This paper provides a detailed and timely review of the rapidly growing research in PSST.

Management of surgical instruments with radio frequency identification tags

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaori Kusuda ◽  
Kazuhiko Yamashita ◽  
Akiko Ohnishi ◽  
Kiyohito Tanaka ◽  
Masaru Komino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Management System ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Surgical Instrument ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Tags

Purpose – To prevent malpractices, medical staff has adopted inventory time-outs and/or checklists. Accurate inventory and maintenance of surgical instruments decreases the risk of operating room miscounting and malfunction. In our previous study, an individual management of surgical instruments was accomplished using Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate a new management method of RFID-tagged instruments. Design/methodology/approach – The management system of RFID-tagged surgical instruments was used for 27 months in clinical areas. In total, 13 study participants assembled surgical trays in the central sterile supply department. Findings – While using the management system, trays were assembled 94 times. During this period, no assembly errors occurred. An instrument malfunction had occurred after the 19th, 56th, and 73th uses, no malfunction caused by the RFID tags, and usage history had been recorded. Additionally, the time it took to assemble surgical trays was recorded, and the long-term usability of the management system was evaluated. Originality/value – The system could record the number of uses and the defective history of each surgical instrument. In addition, the history of the frequency of instruments being transferred from one tray to another was recorded. The results suggest that our system can be used to manage instruments safely. Additionally, the management system was acquired of the learning effect and the usability on daily maintenance. This finding suggests that the management system examined here ensures surgical instrument and tray assembly quality.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Chipless RFID Tags: Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740
Author(s):  
Sergio Terranova ◽  
Filippo Costa ◽  
Giuliano Manara ◽  
Simone Genovesi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Promising Solution

A new class of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, namely the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chipless RFID one, is proposed, and their performance is assessed. These tags can be realized by low-cost materials, inexpensive manufacturing processes and can be mounted on metallic surfaces. The tag consists of a solid dielectric cylinder, which externally appears as homogeneous. However, the information is hidden in the inner structure of the object, where voids are created to encrypt information in the object. The proposed chipless tag represents a promising solution for anti-counterfeiting or security applications, since it avoids an unwanted eavesdropping during the reading process or information retrieval from a visual inspection that may affect other chipless systems. The adopted data-encoding algorithm does not rely on On–Off or amplitude schemes that are commonly adopted in the chipless RFID implementations but it is based on the maximization of available states or the maximization of non-overlapping regions of uncertainty. The performance of such class of chipless RFID tags are finally assessed by measurements on real prototypes.

scholarly journals Library inventory using a RFID wand: contribution of tag and book specific factors on the read rate

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Abcouwer ◽  
Emiel van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Positive Contribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Read Rate ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Previous Paragraph ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeLow read rates are a general problem in library inventories. The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that contribute to the success of library inventory by means of a radio-frequency identification (RFID) inventory taker. The factors investigated were tag position, tag orientation, book thickness, tag density (related to thickness of a sequence of books) and position on the shelf.Design/methodology/approachA total of 210 books were placed in eight random permutations on three fixed book shelves. For each configuration, the RFID tags were read forty times. The resulting data were analysed by means of a generalized linear model, relating the combined contribution of tag position, tag orientation, book thickness and position on the bookshelf to the read rate.FindingsThe tags positioned directly next to the spine were always read, but those near the opening of the book (far from the spine and inventory reader) were not always read. Considering only books with tags near the opening, tag orientation and position on the shelf appeared not to be related to the read rate, while book thickness, thickness over three books and spine tag density appeared to have a small positive contribution to the read rate.Practical implicationsLow read rates during a library inventory can be prevented by placing the tags near the book spine – the other book specific factors (listed in the previous paragraph) are of little influence. When not scanned during a first sweep, repeated scanning can increase the read rate with 0.15.Originality/valueThis paper is one of the first to analyse the influence of tag location and book specific factors on the read rate of RFID tags in library books. The experimental approach sets an example for future work.

Low-cost 13.56MHz Rectifier Based on Organic Diode

2012 ◽  
Vol 1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Zhuoyu Ji ◽  
Liwei Shang ◽  
Yingping Chen ◽  
Congyan Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Contacts ◽  
Hole Injection ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Peak Voltage ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Injection Barrier ◽  
Organic Diode

ABSTRACTIn this paper, low-cost rectifier based on an organic diode for use in organic radio frequency identification (RFID) tags is proposed. Pentacene is the electroactive layer, with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) modified low-cost copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) as the Ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. Hole injection barrier between Cu and pentacene can be decreased by forming the self-assembled layers of Cu-TCNQ. The diode shows a high rectification ratio of approximately 2×106 at 5V and the organic diode based rectifier circuit generated a dc output voltage of approximately 2V at 13.56MHz, using an input ac signal with zero-to-peak voltage amplitude of 5 V. The results indicate that chemical modification of the low-cost electrodes could be an efficient way toward low-cost high performance organic electronics devices.

scholarly journals Ink-jetted Silver/Copper conductors for printed RFID applications

2004 ◽  
Vol 814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Volkman ◽  
Yunan Pei ◽  
David Redinger ◽  
Shong Yin ◽  
Vivek Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Organic Semiconductors ◽  
Copper Nanoparticles ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Schottky Diodes ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Identification Tags ◽  
First Time

AbstractLow-resistance printed conductors are crucial for the development of ultra-low cost electronic systems such as radio frequency identification tags. Low resistance conductors are required to enable the fabrication of high-Q inductors, capacitors, tuned circuits, and interconnects. Furthermore, conductors of appropriate workfunction are also required to enable fabrication of printed Schottky diodes, necessary for rectification in RFID circuits. Last year, we demonstrated the formation of low-resistance conductive printed structures using gold nanoparticles. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, technologies for formation of printed conductors using silver and copper nanoparticles. These are particularly advantageous for several reasons. First, both silver and copper offer a 2X reduction in sheet resistance over gold, resulting in improved interconnect performance and inductor Q. Second, the material costs associated with both silver and copper are expected to be significantly cheaper than gold. Third, the workfunction of silver enables the fabrication of all-printed Schottky diodes with a silver rectifying contact to many common printable organic semiconductors.Solutions of organic-encapsulated silver and copper nanoparticles may be printed and subsequently annealed to form low-resistance conductor patterns. We describe novel processes for forming silver and copper nanoparticles, and discuss the optimization of the printing/annealing processes to demonstrate plastic-compatible low-resistance conductors. By optimizing both the size of the nanoparticle and the encapsulant sublimation kinetics, it is possible to produce particles that anneal at low-temperatures (<150 °C) to form continuous films having low resistivity and appropriate workfunction for formation of rectifying contacts. This represents a major component required for all- printed RFID.

Development and implementation of a robotic inspection system for power substations

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haojie Zhang ◽  
Bo Su ◽  
Hong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Robotic System ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Substation Equipment ◽  
Alarm Message ◽  
Power Substations

Purpose With the dramatically increasing number of substations, robots are expected to inspect equipment in the power industry. However, a traditional robotic system cannot work stably because of the strong electromagnetic field in substation. The purpose of this paper is to present a robust and stable robotic system for inspecting the substation equipment without the involvement of workers. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents in detail a robotic system that consists of a monitor center and a robot. With the monitor center, the workers could send inspection tasks and monitor status of the robot timely. Once a fault is detected, the alarm message will flash immediately to remind the workers. The patrol mode of the robot comprises teleoperation, regular inspection, special inspection and a key return mode. The robot only relies on a low-cost magnetic sensor for lateral positioning and radio frequency identification technology for longitudinal positioning when working under patrol mode. At each stop point, the substation equipment can be recognized quickly through accurate matching with the template image stored in the database. Findings It is shown that the robot could work efficiently and reliably in power substations. The positioning error is proved to be within 5 mm, compared to that of 20 cm by implementing integrated global positioning system-dead reckoning navigation. Because of the high positioning accuracy, it is much easier to recognize the substation equipment. It is observed that nearly 99 per cent of equipments can be recognized. Research limitations/implications The proposed robotic system is tested in a simple substation environment. While the proposed system shows satisfactory positioning results, further studies considering changeable weather condition will focus on improving the equipment recognition rate in such environment, such as rainy, snowy and strong sunlight. Practical implications The key contribution of this paper is that it provides a robotic system to inspect substation equipment instead of workers, to improve working efficiency and to reduce manpower cost. Originality/value This paper presents a robotic system to inspect substation equipment instead of workers. Four patrol modes are designed to meet the inspection demand. Comparing with the previous robotic systems, this system contributes to higher position accuracy and higher equipment recognition rate.

scholarly journals Security of an RFID Based Authentication Protocol with Bitwise Operations for Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Arslan Akram ◽  
Adnan Noor Mian
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Authentication Protocol ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Authentication Protocols ◽  
Physically Unclonable Functions ◽  
Lightweight Authentication ◽  
Secure Authentication ◽  
Bitwise Operations

Abstract Due to the stringent computational capabilities of low-cost RFID tags, several lightweight secure authentication protocols have been proposed for an RFID-based supply chain using bitwise operations. In this paper, we study the vulnerabilities associated with bitwise operations by doing cryptanalysis of a secure lightweight authentication protocol for RFID tags. The bitwise operations like rotation and XOR show that the protocol is vulnerable to tag, reader, and supply chain node impersonation attacks. We find that the major cause of the vulnerability is bitwise operations and suggest using the physically unclonable functions rather than bitwise operations to secure such lightweight protocols.

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