Who is counted as in-work poor? Testing five different definitions when measuring in-work poverty in Sweden 1987–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Jansson ◽  
Lovisa Broström
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Work Requirement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fixed Prices ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Measurement Approach

PurposeThere is ongoing debate amongst in-work poverty researchers as to how to answer the question “who is counted as in-work poor?” and how to define the minimum size of work that should be used to determine a “working threshold”. The purpose of this paper aims to contribute to this debate by testing five different definitions of a “working threshold” and discussing their implications when testing the different measurement outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use data from Statistics Sweden (SCB), including the total population registered as living in Sweden for each year from 1987 to 2017. All calculations are on a yearly basis and in fixed prices (2017). The data set used is based on linked administrative data retrieved from Statistics Sweden and the software used is SAS 9.4.FindingsResults show how in-work poverty trends differ by measurement approach. The two definitions with the lowest income thresholds are found to include a very heterogenic group of individuals. The development of in-work poverty in Sweden over 30 years show decreasing in-work poverty during the first decade followed by an increase to almost the same levels at the end of the period. In-work poverty in Sweden has transformed from being female-dominated in 1987 and the typical person in in-work poverty 2017 is a male immigrant, aged 26–55 years.Practical implicationsThis methodological discussion might lead to a new definition of who is a worker amongst the in-work poor, which could consequently affect who is counted as being in in-work poverty and lead to new social policy measures.Originality/valueThis is, to the authors' knowledge, the first time different definitions of work requirement used to define in-work poverty have been tested on a data set including the total population and over a period of 30 years.

Decision fusion-based approach for content-based image classification

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeep Thepade ◽  
Rik Das ◽  
Saurav Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Image Recognition ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Knowledge Fusion ◽  
Knn Classifier ◽  
Query Classification ◽  
First Time

Purpose Current practices in data classification and retrieval have experienced a surge in the use of multimedia content. Identification of desired information from the huge image databases has been facing increased complexities for designing an efficient feature extraction process. Conventional approaches of image classification with text-based image annotation have faced assorted limitations due to erroneous interpretation of vocabulary and huge time consumption involved due to manual annotation. Content-based image recognition has emerged as an alternative to combat the aforesaid limitations. However, exploring rich feature content in an image with a single technique has lesser probability of extract meaningful signatures compared to multi-technique feature extraction. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities of enhanced content-based image recognition by fusion of classification decision obtained using diverse feature extraction techniques. Design/methodology/approach Three novel techniques of feature extraction have been introduced in this paper and have been tested with four different classifiers individually. The four classifiers used for performance testing were K nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, RIDOR classifier, artificial neural network classifier and support vector machine classifier. Thereafter, classification decisions obtained using KNN classifier for different feature extraction techniques have been integrated by Z-score normalization and feature scaling to create fusion-based framework of image recognition. It has been followed by the introduction of a fusion-based retrieval model to validate the retrieval performance with classified query. Earlier works on content-based image identification have adopted fusion-based approach. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, fusion-based query classification has been addressed for the first time as a precursor of retrieval in this work. Findings The proposed fusion techniques have successfully outclassed the state-of-the-art techniques in classification and retrieval performances. Four public data sets, namely, Wang data set, Oliva and Torralba (OT-scene) data set, Corel data set and Caltech data set comprising of 22,615 images on the whole are used for the evaluation purpose. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, fusion-based query classification has been addressed for the first time as a precursor of retrieval in this work. The novel idea of exploring rich image features by fusion of multiple feature extraction techniques has also encouraged further research on dimensionality reduction of feature vectors for enhanced classification results.

Participative project management as a comprehensive response to postmodernism criticisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Sarhadi ◽  
Saied Yousefi ◽  
Amin Zamani
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Action Theory ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Theories ◽  
Postmodern Philosophy ◽  
Paradigmatic Change ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the philosophical changes which underpin research and practices in project management. This study is an attempt to challenge previous studies that have tried to explain this change in order to provide a better explanation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors adopt a critical review research method to challenge previous explanations of the paradigm change and definition of communication. For this purpose, philosophical and social theories and concepts have been used.FindingsThis paper proposed changing the paradigm from modernism to postmodernism and the paradigm shift, which happens from postmodernism to participation, as a better explanation for the paradigmatic change in project management. Furthermore, the important role of communication has been illustrated in the participation paradigm.Originality/valueFor the first time in project management, the authors attempt to clarify the role of power in this paradigmatic shift, especially because this concept is an axial concept in postmodern philosophy and a neglected concept in project management literature. In addition, communicative action theory has been used with the aim of pursuing the influence of informal power in the participation paradigm and paving the way for confronting its emerging challenges in future studies.

Conversion potential: a metric for evaluating search engine advertising performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Jansen ◽  
Theresa B. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Search Engine ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Search Engine Advertising ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This research is based on the premise that current metrics for search engine advertising (SEA) are misleading and do not sufficiently allow managers to evaluate traffic and conversions simultaneously. This study aimed to conceptually develop and assess conversion potential (CvP) as a unifying construct for both measuring and evaluating the performance of SEA campaigns. Design/methodology/approach A data set of nearly seven million records covering almost three years of a multi-million-dollar keyword marketing campaign from a major US retailer was used to validate the construct of CvP. Findings Results empirically validate how CvP measures both campaign traffic and sales in SEA, using the optimization factor of ad rank, which is one of many possible factors. Research limitations/implications Although the data set is large and covers a lengthy period of time, it is limited to one company in the retail sector. Practical implications The research instantiates CvP as a metric for overall SEA account performance while demonstrating that it is a practical tool for future campaign planning. The metric simultaneously incorporates a sales ratio and a traffic ratio. Originality/value This is the first study to formalize and provide a working definition of CvP in the academic literature. The contribution is a theoretical and practical managerial framework to mutually evaluate, measure and make decisions about SEA efforts.

Using the eurostat-OECD definition of high-growth firms: a cautionary note

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven-Olov Daunfeldt ◽  
Dan Johansson ◽  
Daniel Halvarsson
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Growth Firms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – High-growth firms (HGFs) have attracted an increasing amount of attention from researchers and policymakers, and the Eurostat-Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) definition of HGFs has become increasingly popular. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach – The authors use a longitudinal firm-level data set to analyze the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition. Findings – The results indicate that this definition excluded almost 95 percent of surviving firms in Sweden, and about 40 percent of new private jobs during 2005-2008. Research limitations/implications – The proportion of small firms and their growth patterns differ across countries, and the authors therefore advise caution in using this definition in future studies. Practical implications – Policy based on the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs might be misleading or even counterproductive. Originality/value – No previous studies have analyzed the implications of using the Eurostat-OECD definition of HGFs.

Queries related to COVID-19: a more effective retrieval through finetuned ALBERT with BM25L question answering system

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepthi Godavarthi ◽  
Mary Sowjanya A.
Keyword(s):  
Question Answering ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Benchmark Data ◽  
Open Research ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scientific Questions

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a better question answering (QA) system that can furnish more improved retrieval of answers related to COVID-19 queries from the COVID-19 open research data set (CORD-19). As CORD-19 has an up-to-date collection of coronavirus literature, text mining approaches can be successfully used to retrieve answers pertaining to all coronavirus-related questions. The existing a lite BERT for self-supervised learning of language representations (ALBERT) model is finetuned for retrieving all COVID relevant information to scientific questions posed by the medical community and to highlight the context related to the COVID-19 query. Design/methodology/approach This study presents a finetuned ALBERT-based QA system in association with Best Match25 (Okapi BM25) ranking function and its variant BM25L for context retrieval and provided high scores in benchmark data sets such as SQuAD for answers related to COVID-19 questions. In this context, this paper has built a QA system, pre-trained on SQuAD and finetuned it on CORD-19 data to retrieve answers related to COVID-19 questions by extracting semantically relevant information related to the question. Findings BM25L is found to be more effective in retrieval compared to Okapi BM25. Hence, finetuned ALBERT when extended to the CORD-19 data set provided accurate results. Originality/value The finetuned ALBERT QA system was developed and tested for the first time on the CORD-19 data set to extract context and highlight the span of the answer for more clarity to the user.

The problem of heterogeneity between protected geographical indications: a meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (12) ◽  
pp. 2843-2856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leufkens
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Marginal Willingness To Pay ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Heterogeneity Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time

Purpose For a long time the European geographical indication (GI) regulation has been of great interest to economists and policymakers. To justify exclusive European regulation it is necessary to prove the positive value of a GI quality signal (i.e. label), which is often achieved by quantifying its monetary value for the consumers. But even though a large number of literary contributions already deal with this question, they lack the evaluation of overall effect sizes for the GI label. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to quantify and evaluate the overall marginal consumer willingness to pay for the European GI label. Design/methodology/approach To reach this aim, a meta-analysis is used for which a literature survey had been carried out in order to determine the GI label effects (LEs). In addition to previous works, this paper not only includes a meta-analysis, but also implements a heterogeneity analysis to distinguish between the LEs of individual GI standards. To eliminate study- and product-specific determinants of heterogeneity, moderator variables are used. Findings The empirical results indicate that consumers have a highly significant and positive marginal willingness to pay for GIs. However, the marginal willingness to pay differs significantly between the individual GI standards and indicates great heterogeneity between the protected products. Originality/value As an extension to previous studies and meta-analysis; this paper includes the most extensive GIs meta-data set so far, and conducts for the first time an independent heterogeneity analysis to distinguish between the LEs of individual GI standards and implements a moderator analysis to eliminate study- and product-specific determinants of heterogeneity from the GI effects.

Replications hardly possible: reporting practice in top-tier marketing journals

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Lehmann ◽  
Paul Bengart
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Research ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Research Journal ◽  
Replication Research ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the role of replications for science, and in particular the knowledge development process. Design/methodology/approach Descriptive research on the disclosure of sample parameters which are needed for replication was conducted. The analysis includes 2,982 studies from four top-tier marketing journals. Findings Published parameters are insufficient for replication and, therefore, impede knowledge development. Originality/value The paper offers a unique data set for further investigation. In total, 2,982 studies from the defined journals (Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Marketing, Journal of Marketing Research and Marketing Science) were analyzed. Hereby this paper enables insights into reporting practices of current marketing research and highlights the role of replication research in validating earlier research. It empirically shows, to the authors' best knowledge for the first time, that the insufficient reporting is one of the major reasons for the lack of replications.

scholarly journals The role of sports marketing in attracting audiences towards less popular sports

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Sedky ◽  
Wael Kortam ◽  
Ehab AbouAish
Keyword(s):  
Sports Marketing ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Media ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how sports marketing can attract audiences towards less popular sports. Design/methodology/approach A total of 22 interviews were conducted first to explore the opinions of sports professionals about how audiences can be attracted towards less popular sports. Then 479 responses to an online questionnaire were collected. The online questionnaire includes a pretest-posttest experiment in which each respondent has watched a video. Confirmatory factor analysis, reliability test and hierarchical regression analysis have been performed. Findings The elements of sports marketing that can help to attract audiences towards less popular sports are sports media, sports advertising, star athlete and sports sponsorship. The performance of national teams moderates the relationship between sports advertising and attraction towards less popular sports. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, a definition of sustainable sports marketing is introduced for the first time. Sustainable sports marketing can be defined as the continuous implementation of marketing activities in the sports context to ensure the continuous existence of the sports themselves (all types of sports) and the prosperity of future generations. Elements that can attract audiences towards less popular sports have been examined for the first time.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial approach for open innovation: opening new opportunities, mapping knowledge and highlighting gaps

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Flamini ◽  
Massimiliano Matteo Pellegrini ◽  
Mohammad Fakhar Manesh ◽  
Andrea Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strategic Partnership ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Opportunities ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeSince the first definition of open innovation (OI), the indivisible relationship between this concept and entrepreneurship was undeniable. However, the exact mechanisms by which an entrepreneurial approach may benefit OI processes and vice versa are not yet fully understood. The study aims to offer an accurate map of the knowledge evolution of the OI–entrepreneurship relationship and interesting gaps to be filled in the future.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopted a bibliometric analysis, coupled with a systematic literature review performed over a data set of 106 peer-reviewed articles published from 2005 to 2020 to identify thematic clusters.FindingsThe results show five thematic clusters: entrepreneurial opportunities, organisational opportunities, strategic partnership opportunities, institutional opportunities and digital opportunities for OI. Investigating each of them, the authors created a framework that highlights future avenues for further developing the topic.Originality/valueThis study is the first of its kind to systematise, analyse and critically interpret the literature concerned with the topic of the OI–entrepreneurship.

Activity apprehension in experiential purchases

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chadwick J. Miller ◽  
Adriana Samper ◽  
Naomi Mandel ◽  
Daniel C. Brannon ◽  
Jim Salas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Customer Journey ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experiential Purchases ◽  
Post Purchase ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how the number of activities within a multi-activity experience influences consumer preferences before and after consumption. Design/methodology/approach The hypotheses are tested using four experiments and a secondary data set from a river cruise firm that includes first-time river cruise purchases by consumers from this firm between January 2011 and December 2015 (n = 337,457). Findings Consumers prefer experiences with fewer (vs more) activities before consumption – a phenomenon, this paper calls “activity apprehension” – but prefer experiences with more (vs fewer) activities after consumption. A mediation analysis indicates that this phenomenon occurs because the highly perishable nature of activities makes consumers uncertain about their ability to use all the activities within the experience (usage uncertainty). Practical implications Evaluations of a multi-activity experience depend on both the number of activities and on whether the consumer is at the pre- or post-consumption stage of the customer journey. As such, firms looking to sell multi-activity experiences should design and promote these experiences in a way that minimizes activity apprehension. Originality/value This study is the first to demonstrate that consumer perceptions of an optimal experience depend on both the number of included activities and on the stage of the customer journey (i.e. pre- or post-purchase). It further contributes to the consumer experience literature by examining an unexplored activity characteristic, perishability, in shaping experiential purchase decisions. Finally, it demonstrates a new way in which experiential purchases differ from tangible product purchases.

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