Do female and male entrepreneurs differ in their proneness to heuristics and biases?

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375
Author(s):  
Pouria Nouri ◽  
Abdollah AhmadiKafeshani
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Escalation Of Commitment ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Representativeness Heuristic ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Strong Body

Purpose Although heuristics and biases seal the fate of entrepreneurial enterprises by directly influencing entrepreneurs’ decisions, previous studies have ignored the role of gender in this regard by considering female and male entrepreneurs homogeneous in their susceptibility to heuristics and biases. Thus, this paper aims to advance the existing body of knowledge on heuristics and biases in the field of entrepreneurship by exploring two heuristics of affect and representativeness as well as three biases of overconfidence, escalation of commitment and illusion of control in female and male entrepreneurs’ entry and opportunity-related decisions. Design/methodology/approach The data were gathered through semi-structured and in-depth interviews with ten male and nine female Iranian techno-entrepreneurs active in advanced medicine and biotechnology. The gathered data were analyzed by thematic and narrative data analysis. Findings According to the results, while both male and female entrepreneurs show certain heuristics and biases, there are some noteworthy distinctions. More precisely, contrary to their male counterparts, the female entrepreneurs neither rely on the representativeness heuristic nor show any signs of the escalation of commitment in their decisions. Practical implications There are some valuable implications emanated from this study which could be of use for not only future researchers but also entrepreneurs, especially the ones founding and running small businesses themselves. Originality/value While there is a strong body of literature on heuristics and biases in the field of entrepreneurship, previous studies have considered female and male entrepreneurs homogeneous in their proneness to heuristics and biases. Thus, the current study enriches the body of knowledge by being the first comparative study of heuristics and biases in female and male entrepreneurs’ decisions.

Exploring female entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions with a heuristics and biases approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 623-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pouria Nouri ◽  
Narges Imanipour ◽  
Abdollah Ahmadikafeshani
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
The Body ◽  
Incremental Innovation ◽  
Heuristics And Biases ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Managerial Implication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Entrepreneurial Marketing ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study furthers the body of knowledge on entrepreneurial decision-making, entrepreneurial marketing and female entrepreneurs by exploring practical implications of heuristics and biases in female entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions. Heuristics and biases influence many entrepreneurial decisions. Moreover, some of the most important entrepreneurial decisions are marketing-related. Given that the entrepreneurial marketing behavior emanates from entrepreneurial thinking and decision-making, one may conclude that female entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions are susceptible to heuristics and biases. This paper aims to explore the outcomes of heuristics and biases in entrepreneurial marketing decisions. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 19 Iranian female biotech entrepreneurs and analyzed by thematic analysis. Findings The findings indicate that introducing pioneering products to the market, overestimating product’s market appeal, unprepared entry, underestimating the competition, overcoming entry impediments, entry postponement, growth, success in incremental innovation and failure in radical innovation are the main outcomes of the identified heuristics and biases in the female entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions. Practical implications This paper has some precious practical implications for marketers as well as female entrepreneurs running small businesses. Generally speaking, reducing the negative impacts of the identified heuristics and biases of this study while enhancing their positive effects will increase the chances of female entrepreneurs to compete and succeed in tumultuous markets. Furthermore, our most important managerial implication is regarding overconfidence, which was very common in the female entrepreneurs’ marketing decisions by having various positive and negative outcomes. Thus, female entrepreneurs should be careful of this fateful bias in their decisions by knowing the most common signs of overconfidence. Originality/value This paper is unique because of not only identifying the main heuristics and biases but also their major outcomes in entrepreneurs’ major marketing decisions. Moreover, this paper is a pioneer in exploring heuristics and biases in female entrepreneurs’ decisions.

Organizational culture processes for promoting innovation in small businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Harel ◽  
Dafna Schwartz ◽  
Dan Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Innovation Culture ◽  
Product And Process Innovation ◽  
Product And Process

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of organizational culture processes aimed at promoting innovation in small businessesDesign/methodology/approachThe empirical study was conducted in Israel on a sample of 202 businesses in face-to-face interviews.FindingsThe study demonstrated that small businesses in the industry sectors that seek to promote innovation must implement processes for developing an innovation culture. Interestingly, these processes contribute mainly to product and process innovation and less to marketing and organizational innovation.Practical implicationsThe study may contribute in a practical manner to assisting small businesses in the development and implementation of appropriate organizational culture processes for promoting innovation, and as a result, contribute to overall economic growth.Originality/valueThis research expands the body of knowledge on organizational culture processes for promoting innovation in this group of businesses, which has rarely been the focus of studies on innovation. The use of face-to-face interviews as a research tool facilitated obtaining knowledge that is generally not readily accessible.

Research 2.0 and Research Data Services in academic and research libraries: priority issues

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6/7) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Koltay
Keyword(s):  
Research Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Data Services ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Data Stewardship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of Research Data Services (RDSs), consisting of research data management, data curation and data stewardship, and data literacy education in supporting Research 2.0. Besides this, theory and principles, as well as selected examples of best practices in the relevant fields are presented. Design/methodology/approach A literature-based overview of actual insights on tasks and roles that academic and research libraries have to fulfil in order to react to the developments generated by the appearance and growing importance of Research 2.0 is provided. Taking the wide spectre of related issues into account, the discussion is limited to RDSs. Findings Even though Research 2.0 is evolving in different countries and some local environments in dissimilar ways, its data-intensive nature requires the helping presence of academic libraries and librarians. Being an emerging phenomenon, it will undoubtedly take several different shapes as it works itself out in time, but librarians should try to discover service niches, which may not be covered by other academic organisations, or their coverage is only partial or even unsatisfactory. Research limitations/implications Taking the wide spectre of issues into account, the review of literature is limited to the period between 2014 and 2016. Originality/value The paper intends to add to the body of knowledge about the relationship between RDSs and Research 2.0, as well as about the association between the components of the former.

Achieving supply chain resilience: the role of procurement

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 626-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Roberta Pereira ◽  
Martin Christopher ◽  
Andrea Lago Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Objective Being

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of procurement in identifying and managing the intra- and inter-organisational issues which impact supply chain resilience. Achieving resilience along the supply chain in today’s turbulent business environment requires efforts from both internal and external elements of the extended enterprise. Design/methodology/approach – The systematic literature review was conducted between 2000 and 2013 with the objective being to answer the single research question proposed. To do so, a content analysis based on the literature was applied to 30 selected papers. Findings – The study revealed that procurement activities do make a significant contribution to creating supply chain resilience. Emerging from the literature review, certain intra- and inter-organisational issues were identified that could impact supply chain resilience. Also the possible actions that procurement could take to enable the enhancement of supply chain resilience were identified. Research limitations/implications – This study is limited, in that it is exploratory and focuses only on the body of knowledge presented in two databases over the past 13 years. It has also been restricted to the procurement function and the consequent implications for the upstream supply chain. Originality/value – The originality of this paper lies in the identification of intra- and inter-organisational issues from a procurement perspective specifically as they relate to improving supply chain resilience. This raises further questions on the role of procurement in creating supply chain resilience, which has not been well-explored in the current literature.

The role of export promotion programs in the internationalisation of female-owned enterprises

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gitte Ohrt Rosenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Export Promotion ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women Business Owners ◽  
Qualitative Research Design

Purpose While the role of government-funded export promotion programs (EPPs) on the international activities of small ventures has been previously documented, they do not appear to have been hitherto studied in a gendered context. This is unfortunate given the evidence suggesting growing numbers of female entrepreneurs with strong international orientation. Thus, this study aims to provide a better understanding of the experiences and practices of women entrepreneurs with regard to EPPs. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on personal interviews with eight female-owned international entrepreneurial ventures in the fashion design industry in Denmark. A qualitative research design was used to explore the experiences of the women entrepreneurs regarding different types of EPPs and their various providers, and the data were analysed and interpreted using the NVivo software program. Findings The results show that while the level of awareness of EPPs was generally high, the programs were overwhelmingly perceived to be overly expensive, excessively time-consuming, insufficiently specific and largely irrelevant. When the women business owners had availed themselves of their services, the usefulness of the EPPs was deemed to be largely imperceptible. Plausible explanations for these results may be found in the gendered entrepreneurial literature. The study’s findings provide important gendered insights to government support agencies charged with promoting the internationalisation of female-owned small businesses. Originality/value This study presents novel gendered findings of the experiences of female entrepreneurs regarding the role played by EPPs in the growth of their firms on international markets. It contributes to the literature on the growing phenomenon of female international entrepreneurs.

Corporations and development

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchechukwu Nwoke
Keyword(s):  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Value Model ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose This paper aims to examine the nature and role of contemporary CSR in the current neoliberal age. It offers an insight into the tension that exists between the ideologies of “neoliberal” shareholder value and that of “effective” CSR, and argues that both ideologies are fundamentally antithetical. It aims to identify and analyse the inter-connected but distinguishable barriers (ideological, practical and political) that militate against the realization of effective CSR. Design/methodology/approach The method applied is a critical evaluation of concepts and a thorough review of existing literature on neoliberalism, shareholder value and contemporary CSR. It uses existing literature to highlight the inability of contemporary CSR to transform into an effective mechanism for development. Findings The paper emphasizes the failure of contemporary CSR to equate to a successful mechanism for development. It concludes that the existence and operations of these barriers militate against the realization of an effective CSR regime capable of leading to development. Practical implications Given the current dominance of the “maximizing shareholder value” model of corporate governance internationally, it appears unreasonable to pin too much hope on contemporary CSR as a mechanism for development, especially in emerging economies. Neither the culture of corporations nor the pressures to which they are currently subjected encourage socially responsible behaviour. Originality/value The paper extends the body of knowledge in the area of contemporary CSR, by identifying and analysing the inter-connected but distinguishable barriers that render the CSR practices of corporations ineffective.

Sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation in small businesses

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Harel ◽  
Dafna Schwartz ◽  
Dan Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Knowledge Processes ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Industry Sectors ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the contribution of sharing knowledge processes aimed at promoting innovation in small businesses.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study was conducted in Israel on a sample of 202 businesses in face-to-face interviews.FindingsThe study demonstrated that small businesses in the industry sectors that seek to promote innovation must implement processes for sharing knowledge. Interestingly, these processes contribute mainly to product, marketing and organizational innovation and less to process innovation.Practical implicationsThe study may contribute in a practical manner to assisting small businesses in the development and implementation of appropriate sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation, and as a result, contribute to overall economic growth.Originality/valueThis study enriches the body of knowledge on managerial processes and on sharing knowledge processes for promoting innovation in this group of businesses, which has rarely been the focus of studies on innovation. The use of face-to-face interviews as a research tool facilitated obtaining knowledge that is generally not readily accessible.

scholarly journals Bounded rationality, capital budgeting decisions and small business

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-318
Author(s):  
Jaime A. Morales Burgos ◽  
Markus Kittler ◽  
Michael Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Bounded Rationality ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
The Body ◽  
Constructivist Grounded Theory ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the capital budgeting decision-making of Canadian and Mexican entrepreneurs in small businesses in the food sector. The objective is to understand the capital budgeting decisions through the lens of bounded rationality and how these decisions are affected by different (national) contexts. Design/methodology/approach This is a comparative study in which the use of constructivist grounded theory allowed deep conversations about capital budgeting decisions. Data was collected from forty semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs/managers in two regions, Mexico and Canada. Findings Insights from this study suggest that entrepreneurs’ capital budgeting decisions are not only taken under conditions of bounded rationality but also suggest a prominent role of context in how bounded rationality is applied differently towards investment decisions. Research limitations/implications While the findings cannot simply be generalized, exploring how capital budgeting decisions are made differently across two regional contexts adds to the understanding of the nexus of context, bounded rationality and capital budgeting decision-making. Practical implications Using a bounded rationality lens, this study contrasts and explains similarities and differences in the entrepreneur’s capital budgeting decision-making within small businesses. The insights add to the body of knowledge and help entrepreneurs to reflect on their approach to decision-making. Originality/value The paper uses a less commonly applied approach to understand two under-researched regional contexts. We use constructivist grounded theory to explore entrepreneurs’ capital budgeting decision-making in small businesses in two regions, Canada and Mexico. The comparative approach and the findings add to the understanding of decision-making, highlight the prominent role of context and also challenge some insights from previous research.

scholarly journals How Does Retail Engage Consumers in Sustainable Consumption? A Systematic Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Carmen Bălan
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The Body ◽  
Consumer Engagement ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Retail Marketing ◽  
Marketing Actions

The academic literature on consumer engagement and sustainable consumption has developed gradually over the last two decades. The body of knowledge related to the role of food and non-food retailers in this context, however, is only beginning to develop. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyse the existing literature on how retailers fulfil their role in engaging consumers in sustainable consumption. The need for a study with this purpose is proven by the fact that academic literature lacks a systematic review on this topic, despite the ascending trend in the number of published articles in the field. This systematic review is based on a five-step process to ensure quality, replicability, transparency, and reliable conclusions. The reviewed articles were published relatively recently in academic journals from different domains. This review identified seven distinct types of retail marketing interventions (involvement of retailers in marketing actions with the aim to engage consumers in sustainable consumption), 30 types of retail marketing mechanisms (consisting in marketing strategies, techniques, tools, and channels used by retailers), and 14 distinct types of consumer engagement in sustainable consumption patterns. The review suggests an agenda for further research and identifies practical implications for retail management.

scholarly journals Operations management body of knowledge and its relevance to manufacturing and service organizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jurandir Peinado ◽  
Alexandre Reis Graeml ◽  
Fernando Vianna
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Service Organizations ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Body Of Knowledge

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the differences in importance assigned by manufacturing or service organizations to topics related to operations management and its attendant body of knowledge. Design/methodology/approach The authors did this by cataloguing and analyzing vacancy announcements related to operations management, presented by manufacturing and services companies in major Brazilian human resources websites. Findings The results show that manufacturing companies primarily hire personnel with skills in routine process management, quality management, lean manufacturing, ergonomics and work organization. Service companies generally seek professionals with knowledge and experience in logistics, supply chain management and project management. Research limitations/implications This study presents some limitations that reduce the power of its conclusions. There is some degree of subjectivity in the interpretation of the contents of the analyzed ads. In order to reduce this problem, the authors who did the tabulation of data marked the situations for which there were some doubts about the classification, discussing them with the other author, until they reached a consensus on the best way to classify each one. Originality/value The discussion about the importance assigned by manufacturing and service companies to the topics of operations management is crucial for not only the results obtained, but also to stimulate the debate on topics that comprise or should comprise the body of knowledge of operations management, and the way they are incorporated into business practice. This provides an additional opportunity to reflect on the potential of operations management in supporting business managers now and in the future.

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