Curvilinear relationships between role clarity and supervisor satisfaction

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingshan Zheng ◽  
Tomas Thundiyil ◽  
Ryan Klinger ◽  
Andrew T Hinrichs
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Role Clarity ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Utilizing attribution theory, the purpose of this paper is to propose a more nuanced theoretical understanding of role clarity – supervisor satisfaction trajectories. The authors also identify leadership characteristics that moderate these trajectories: supervisor developmental feedback (SDF) and interpersonal justice. Design/methodology/approach – In this field study, survey responses were collected from 334 employees. Data were submitted to hierarchical polynomial regression. Findings – The impact of too much role clarity was dependent on the level of interpersonal justice and SDF. When these moderators were high, too much role clarity had a decremental effect on supervisor satisfaction. When these moderatos were low, high role clarity was depicted by an asymptotic trajectory. Research limitations/implications – Cross-sectional data were collected from a single source. Future research might attempt to replicate findings using longitudinal designs and multiple data sources. Proposed mediating mechanisms might be measured and incorporated into tests of the theoretical models. Practical implications – When managing employee role clarity, more is not always better. Decision makers should examine supervisor-subordinate characteristics to predict employee responses to increased levels of role clarity. Even under optimal conditions, one should expect decreasing marginal returns from role clarity interventions. Originality/value – This is the first study to explore nonlinear relationships between role clarity and supervisor satisfaction. This is also the first study to explore moderators of role clarity trajectories.

Research on capital structure determinants: a review and future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar ◽  
Sisira Colombage ◽  
Purnima Rao
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the status of studies on capital structure determinants in the past 40 years. This paper highlights the major gaps in the literature on determinants of capital structure and also aims to raise specific questions for future research. Design/methodology/approach The prominence of research is assessed by studying the year of publication and region, level of economic development, firm size, data collection methods, data analysis techniques and theoretical models of capital structure from the selected papers. The review is based on 167 papers published from 1972 to 2013 in various peer-reviewed journals. The relationship of determinants of capital structure is analyzed with the help of meta-analysis. Findings Major findings show an increase of interest in research on determinants of capital structure of the firms located in emerging markets. However, it is observed that these regions are still under-examined which provides more scope for research both empirical and survey-based studies. Majority of research studies are conducted on large-sized firms by using secondary data and regression-based models for the analysis, whereas studies on small-sized firms are very meager. As majority of the research papers are written only at the organizational level, the impact of leverage on various industries is yet to be examined. The review highlights the major determinants of capital structure and their relationship with leverage. It also reveals the dominance of pecking order theory in explaining capital structure of firms theoretically as well as statistically. Originality/value The paper covers a considerable period of time (1972-2013). Among very few review papers on capital structure research, to the best of authors’ knowledge; this is the first review to identify what is missing in the literature on the determinants of capital structure while offering recommendations for future studies. It also synthesize the findings of empirical studies on determinants of capital structure statistically.

Unraveling the complex nexus of punitive supervision and deviant work behaviors: findings and implications from hospitality employees in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Sarwar ◽  
Lakhi Muhammad ◽  
Marianna Sigala
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Deviant Behaviors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose The study adopts the conservation of resources (COR) theory for providing a better theoretical understanding of punitive supervision as an antecedent of employees’ minor deviant behaviors (namely, employee time theft and knowledge hiding) via creating cognitive mechanisms (employees’ perceived incivility). The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating role of employees’ RESILIENCY on employees’ ability to buffer the impacts of punitive supervision. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from 265 frontline hospitality employees in Pakistan. A survey was administered in person to establish trust and rapport with employees and so, collect reliable data. Findings The findings confirmed a direct and mediated impact of punitive supervision on employee minor deviant behaviors via creating perceived incivility. The moderating role of employees’ resiliency was also confirmed, as the employees’ resiliency helped them mitigate the impact of punitive supervision on perceived incivility. Research limitations/implications Data was collected from employees’ perceptions working in one industry and cultural setting. As employees’ perceptions (influenced by their cultural background) significantly affect their interpretations and reactions to punitive behavior, future research should validate and refine the findings by collecting data from a wider and diversified cultural and industry setting. Practical implications The findings provide theoretical explanatory power of the drivers and the contextual factors leading to minor employee deviant behaviors. The findings guide managers on how to develop pro-active and re-active strategies for deterring the occurrence and eliminating the consequences of punitive supervision. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature in multiple ways. It identifies and validates punitive supervision as an antecedent of Deviant Work Behavior (DWB). It provides a theoretical underpinning for explaining how punitive supervision spurs cognitive mechanisms, which in turn drive DWB. It also studies the nexus between destructive supervision and its outcomes in its entirety by studying the mediated and the moderating impacts of punitive supervision and perceived incivility, respectively.

scholarly journals Experimental studies and theoretical models for concrete columns confined with FRP composites: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-525
Author(s):  
Abdurra’uf M. Gora ◽  
Jayaprakash Jaganathan ◽  
M.P. Anwar ◽  
H.Y. Leung
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Columns ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compressive Behaviour ◽  
Frp Composites ◽  
Frp Reinforcement ◽  
Frp Confinement ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been increasingly used over the past two decades for strengthening, upgrading and restoring degraded civil engineering infrastructure. Substantial experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years to understand the compressive behaviour of FRP-confined concrete columns. A considerable number of confinement models to predict the compressive behaviour of FRP-strengthened concrete columns have been developed from the results of these experimental investigations. The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review of experimental investigations and theoretical models of circular and non-circular concrete columns confined with FRP reinforcement. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews previous experimental test results on circular and non-circular concrete columns confined with FRP reinforcement under concentric and eccentric loading conditions and highlights the behaviour and mechanics of FRP confinement in these columns. The paper also reviews existing confinement models for concrete columns confined with FRP composites in both circular and non-circular sections. Findings This paper demonstrates that the performance and effectiveness of FRP confinement in concrete columns have been extensively investigated and proven effective in enhancing the structural performance and ductility of strengthened columns. The strength and ductility enhancement depend on the number of FRP layers, concrete compressive strength, corner radius for non-circular columns and intensity of load eccentricity for eccentrically loaded columns. The impact of existing theoretical models and directions for future research are also presented. Originality/value Potential researchers will gain insight into existing experimental and theoretical studies and future research directions.

The combined effect of customer perceptions about a salesperson’s adaptive selling and selling orientation on customer trust in the salesperson: a contingency perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Guenzi ◽  
Luigi M. De Luca ◽  
Rosann Spiro
Keyword(s):  
Attribution Theory ◽  
Customer Orientation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adaptive Selling ◽  
Relationship Length ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Contingency Perspective ◽  
Customer Trust ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impact of customer perceptions about a salesperson’s combined use of adaptive selling (AS) and selling orientation (SO) on customer trust in the salesperson. Based on insights from attribution theory, the contingency model of salespeople’ effectiveness, relationship marketing and market orientation literatures, the authors analyze the interplay between customer perceptions of salespeople’s AS and SO, and how this affects customer trust. Furthermore, adopting a contingency perspective, the authors investigate how two important situational variables (i.e. length of buyer–seller relationships and importance of purchase for the buyer) affect this relationship. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on regression analysis with two- and three-way interactions, using survey data from 134 business-to-business (B2B) buyers. Findings The results indicate that the interplay between AS and SO is negatively related to trust, and that the above situation is attenuated in sales contexts characterized by high purchase importance or enduring buyer–seller relationships. Research limitations/implications The empirical findings are based on firms from a single industry. Second, a cross-sectional research design is adopted. Third, the absence of measures of objective performance (e.g. sales) might be regarded as a limitation. Practical implications The study suggests that salespeople willing to win customer trust should modify their approach across the relationship life cycle. Similarly, when purchase importance for the customer is low, salespeople interested in building relationships based on trust should combine AS and customer orientation. In contrast, when purchase importance is high, salespeople can only generate more trust by increasing customer orientation/reducing SO. These findings might inspire sales trainers and sales managers in developing training experiences based on adaptation and customer orientation. Originality/value The research contributes in several ways to the literature. First, the simultaneous effect of AS and SO on performance (i.e. customer trust) was investigated. Second, the analysis of the interaction between AS and SO was complemented by testing two important boundary conditions residing in the selling situation: purchase importance and relationship length. Third, this study is the first to examine the interplay among AS, SO and selling context outside using customer data from actual B2B sales interactions. Also, it enhances knowledge of the effects of AS on sales outcomes by adding a long-term, relational outcome (i.e. trust) to previous work that tended to focus on short-term outcomes (i.e. sales revenues). Furthermore, by investigating perceived benefits from the point of view of customers rather than sellers, our findings add to previous studies of AS which relied too heavily, or exclusively, on the voice of the seller. Finally, this study shed further light on the role played by SO in affecting customer-based performance.

Shopping value and patronage: when satisfaction and crowding count

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-150
Author(s):  
Tapas Ranjan Moharana ◽  
Debasis Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patronage Intention ◽  
Hedonic Utilitarian ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare two competing models denoting two dimensions (hedonic and utilitarian) and three dimensions (hedonic, utilitarian and social) of the construct “value” and investigates their relative influence on satisfaction, future patronage intention (FPI) and word-of-mouth (WoM) in a hypermarket context. Additionally, the study examines if these relationships are contingent upon gender and shoppers’ perception of retail crowding. Design/methodology/approach The proposed models and the hypotheses were tested using structural equation modelling, across two cross-sectional studies (n1=268, n2=259). The multi-group analysis was used to test moderated relationships. Findings The study demonstrates that satisfaction mediates the impact of shopping value on FPI and WoM. The model that includes utilitarian, hedonic and social value explains higher variance in satisfaction and WoM than that is evidenced in the alternate model comprising utilitarian and hedonic values. Shoppers’ gender and perceived retail crowding moderate the influence of shopping value on satisfaction. Practical implications Retail managers should understand that enjoyable and social shopping experience of the consumers lead to satisfaction, which in turn plays a pivotal role in the formation of FPI and WoM. Managers discern that a moderate level of crowding is better than the extremely low or high level of density. Originality/value Amidst a lack of unanimity on the dimensionality of shopping value, this is one of the first studies to evaluate the two theoretical models of shopping value having two dimensions and three dimensions, respectively. An understanding of gender and retail crowding perceptions is crucial in shopping value judgments.

Proactive environmental management and performance by a controlling family

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Huang ◽  
Ying-Jiuan Wong ◽  
Min-Li Yang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This study examined how proactive environmental management affects firm performance and whether a controlling family moderates this effect. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The study adopted content analysis to collect data on listed Taiwanese firms and used cross-sectional regression analysis to examine the relationship between proactive environmental management and firm performance as well as the moderating role of a controlling family. Findings – The results indicated that not all types of proactive environmental management are positively associated with firm performance and that a controlling family might be more effective in low-risk proactive environmental management practices. Research limitations/implications – The focus was on the impact of proactive environmental management from the perspective of stockholders. Future research could investigate its impact on other stakeholders as well. Practical implications – The findings might convince managers that the stereotype of an environment-friendly firm – that the more its green initiatives, the less competitive it becomes – may not necessarily be true. Investing in product-focused pollution prevention could increase revenues and improve performance. Even though process-focused pollution prevention is negatively associated with firm performance, companies are not expected to reduce investment in green processes since they are required for the production of environment-friendly products. Originality/value – This study adopted a multi-dimensional approach to reveal how different types of proactive environmental management affect firm performance. The authors used the controlling family as a moderating variable to determine whether it moderates the relationship between proactive environmental management and firm performance.

Entrepreneurial advice sources and their antecedents

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Lynda Bastian ◽  
Christopher L. Tucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Organizational Capabilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Entrepreneurs interact with others and, through this, benefit from access to knowledge, resources and skills that enhance their own entrepreneurial and organizational capabilities. This paper aims to contribute to the literature interested in identifying and analyzing important antecedents of entrepreneurs’ choices regarding social relations. The study shows how the venture stage, innovativeness and internationalization of the firm potentially influence entrepreneurial choices regarding their social sources of advice. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on cross-sectional survey data for the years 2009 and 2010, involving 13 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries. Respondents include future prospective entrepreneurs, start-ups and owner-managers of operating businesses, a total of 13,251 respondents across all countries for the entire period. Findings Entrepreneurs with innovative ventures draw more on advice sources that are able to give information useful for the commercialization of innovative products, and entrepreneurs of internationally exposed ventures rely on a broad base of advice sources that can connect them with a foreign market. However, the outcomes regarding the impact of “different venture stages” point to social interaction patterns that are strongly influenced by local culture and that do not support the assumption of universal entrepreneurship behavior. This study shows that social interactions decline in quantity the more as the venture progresses in age. However, the type of social interaction (e.g. private or professional sources) that entrepreneurs engage throughout the different venture stages remains essentially the same and does not change across different entrepreneurial phases. In the MENA sample, private relations remain the most important source of advice throughout all phases, and they are not replaced by other contacts. Research limitations/implications Limitations of this paper refer to the use of a large-scale database that cannot address certain issues without more direct observation, such as the quality of different social relations. Future research could address this issue by offering more fine-grained items for the different advice sources. Originality/value The paper contributes to the debate on whether entrepreneurship is universal in nature. It focuses on data from emerging and developing countries in the Arab world, which is has not been studied very much in the entrepreneurship literature.

Emerging trend of coffee cafe in Pakistan: factors affecting revisit intention

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (9) ◽  
pp. 2132-2147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talat Islam ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmed ◽  
Ghulam Ali ◽  
Zeshan Ahmer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Prior Experience ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Interpersonal Justice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Revisit Intention ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The global increase in coffee consumption has increased competition among cafes, generating the need to find ways of increasing customers’ revisit. Considering this backdrop, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of authenticity, interpersonal justice and prior experience on customer’s revisit intention, taking involvement as a mediator. Design/methodology/approach The data for this study were collected from 489 customers between April and July 2018 from an emerging coffee market. The customers were approached on a convenience basis and a questionnaire-based survey method was used to collect responses. Findings The data were analyzed using a two-stage structural equation modeling technique. The study noted authenticity, interpersonal justice and prior experience to not only have a direct impact on revisit intention but also having an indirect impact through involvement. Research limitations/implications This study is cross-sectional in nature, which is the foremost limitation of the study. Findings of the study reveal some unexplored dimensions of managing customers’ revisit intention, thus leaving a valuable message for the management of coffee cafes. Originality/value This study highlights the importance of authenticity, interpersonal justice, prior experience and involvement with respect to the revisit intention of the customers, as literature is scant on these variables.

Exploring the impact of gender on challenges and coping during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Krase ◽  
Leina Luzuriaga ◽  
Donna Wang ◽  
Andrew Schoolnik ◽  
Chantee Parris-Strigle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
National Level ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Coping ◽  
The Impact

PurposeRepercussions to everyday life caused by the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted certain segments of the population, including older adults, communities of color and women. The societal response to reduce the impact of the pandemic, including closing schools and working from home, has been experienced differentially by women. This study explored how individual challenges and coping mechanisms differed for women as compared to men.Design/methodology/approachThis study used an anonymous, cross-sectional, online survey early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Convenience, snowball and purposive sampling methods were used. Data were collected in June 2020 targeting adults living in Canada and the USA, with a total of 1,405 people responding, of which, the respondents were primarily women, White and with high education levels.FindingsThe results of this study confirm previous research that women struggled more to adapt to the pandemic and felt less prepared than men during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, this study found significant differences in the sources of information and support used by women as compared to men.Originality/valueThe findings of this study not only confirm past research but also highlight that practice and policy responses to this pandemic, and future research on national level crises need to be targeted by gender, so that different needs are effectively addressed. Additionally, this article also identifies sources or challenges, as well as support, in order to inform and strengthen such responses.

Left to their own devices? Antecedents and contingent effects of workplace anxiety in the WFH selling environment

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deva Rangarajan ◽  
Vishag Badrinarayanan ◽  
Aditi Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Sridhar Guda
Keyword(s):  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Sales Process ◽  
Sales Organizations ◽  
Management Implication ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The main purpose of this research is to understand how the sudden shift to work from home (WFH) after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic has caught several sales organizations underprepared and ill-equipped to combat emergent challenges. In this research, the authors provide initial evidence into how the WFH arrangement impacts salespeople and sales organizations. Specifically, this research is guided by two objectives: to understand how the shift to WFH environment is affecting salespeople, and to explore how organizations can mitigate dysfunctional effects of the shift to WFH practices and enhance salespeople’s commitment toward this new reality. Design/methodology/approach The authors did preliminary in-depth interviews with 13 executives operating in the business-to-business (B2B) space to identify themes that reflected the reality faced by B2B sales organizations when transitioning to WFH. The authors then conducted a quantitative study involving a survey with 130 B2B salespeople. Findings The findings from the qualitative research suggested that the WFH situation is quite different from the more traditional remote selling situations that B2B salespeople are used to. More specifically, salespeople experienced more anxiety because of the WFH situations. This finding was supported in the empirical study done by the authors where stress associated with WFH and job insecurity had a significant impact on salesperson anxiety. Research limitations/implications The study primarily used subjective responses of salespeople with no objective measures. Furthermore, this study is cross-sectional in nature. Future research should build on the present work to understand the long-term consequences of WFH and factor in customer responses to the same. The impact of increased use of technology in the sales process will need further attention, including the sales management implication for the same. Originality/value Given the unforeseen nature of the COVID pandemic and how unprepared salespeople and sales organizations were to deal with it, this study is one of the first studies that documents the impact of WFH situations on salespeople.

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