scholarly journals Exposure to green space and prevention of anxiety and depression among young people in urban settings: a global scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Reece ◽  
Isabelle Bray ◽  
Danielle Sinnett ◽  
Robert Hayward ◽  
Faith Martin
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Scoping Reviews

Purpose There is a mental health crisis, particularly among young people. Despite many young people living in urban settings, reviews about the association between exposure to green or natural environments and mental health tend to focus on either children or adults. The aim of this review is to examine the scope of the global literature for this age group, to inform a systematic review on the role of exposure to green space in preventing anxiety and depression amongst young people aged 14–24 years. Design/methodology/approach Seven databases were searched for quantitative and qualitative sources published from January 2000 to June 2020. This identified 201 sources and their characteristics are described here. Gaps in the literature are also highlighted. Findings The number of relevant studies published per year has increased over time. Most studies are set in North America (28%) or Europe (39%). The most common study designs were observational (34%) or experimental (28%). A wide range of exposures and interventions are described. Research limitations/implications This review included literature from predominantly high-income countries and has shown the under-representation of low-middle income countries and lack of ethnic diversity in study populations. It has also highlighted the lack of clinical measures of anxiety and depression as outcomes. Originality/value This inter-disciplinary review has contributed to the field by describing the geographic distribution of the literature and the broad range of exposures to green spaces being reported. Unlike previous scoping reviews, this review focused specifically on young people and on measures of anxiety and depression and their pre-cursers.

Exploring the role of exposure to green space in preventing anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 living in urban settings: a systematic review 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Bray ◽  
Rebecca Reece ◽  
Danielle Sinnett ◽  
Faith Martin ◽  
Robert Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Urban Settings ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Despite the growing problem of anxiety and depression amongst young people aged 14-24 years living in urban settings, reviews about the role of exposure to green space or nature in preventing anxiety and depression tend to focus on children, adults or sometimes adolescents. This review aims to explore whether, and if so how, exposure to green space reduces the risk of anxiety and depression among young people aged 14-24 living in urban settings.MethodsCINAHL plus, Global Health, MEDLINE, ProQuest: Dissertations and Theses, PsycINFO, Scopus and OpenGrey were searched for research published in English between January 2000 and June 2020, including all study designs. Results 9,208 sources were identified and 48 were included. Experimental studies provided evidence that walking or being in a green space improves mood and state anxiety immediately following the intervention. Observational studies suggest that social interaction, physical activity, and mindfulness mediate the relationship between exposure to green space and mental health. We propose that the absence of noise and traffic and the presence of nature promotes mindfulness and restoration.ConclusionsThis review provides evidence to clinicians about the value of green social prescribing, and to policymakers about the value of bringing the benefits of forests, vegetation and nature into cities, and ensuring that these spaces are accessible and safe for young people to use.

How well do children in the North East of England function after a crisis: a service evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Staite ◽  
Lynne Howey ◽  
Clare Anderson ◽  
Paula Maddison
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Service Evaluation ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Data shows that there is an increasing number of young people in the UK needing access to mental health services, including crisis teams. This need has been exacerbated by the current global pandemic. There is mixed evidence for the effectiveness of crisis teams in improving adult functioning, and none, to the authors’ knowledge, that empirically examines the functioning of young people following intervention from child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) crisis teams in the UK. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use CAMHS Crisis Team data, from an NHS trust that supports 1.4 million people in the North East of England, to examine a young person's functioning following a crisis. Design/methodology/approach This service evaluation compared functioning, as measured by the Outcome Rating Scale (ORS), pre- and post-treatment for young people accessing the CAMHS Crisis Team between December 2018 and December 2019. Findings There were 109 participants included in the analysis. ORS scores were significantly higher at the end of treatment (t(108) = −4.2046, p < 0.001) with a small effect size (d = −0.36). Sixteen (15%) patients exhibited significant and reliable change (i.e. functioning improved). A further four (4%) patients exhibited no change (i.e. functioning did not deteriorate despite being in crisis). No patients significantly deteriorated in functioning after accessing the crisis service. Practical implications Despite a possibly overly conservative analysis, 15% of patients not only significantly improved functioning but were able to return to a “healthy” level of functioning after a mental health crisis following intervention from a CAMHS Crisis Team. Intervention(s) from a CAMHS Crisis Team are also stabilising as some young people’s functioning did not deteriorate following a mental health crisis. However, improvements also need to be made to increase the number of patients whose functioning did not significantly improve following intervention from a CAMHS Crisis Team. Originality/value This paper evaluates a young person’s functioning following a mental health crisis and intervention from a CAMHS Crisis Team in the North East of England.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depression symptoms of young people in the global south: evidence from a four-country cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. e049653
Author(s):  
Catherine Porter ◽  
Marta Favara ◽  
Annina Hittmeyer ◽  
Douglas Scott ◽  
Alan Sánchez Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
Emotional Problems ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries

ObjectiveTo provide evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young people who grew up in poverty in low/middle-income countries (LMICs).DesignA phone survey administered between August and October 2020 to participants of a population-based longitudinal cohort study established in 2002 comprising two cohorts born in 1994–1995 and 2001–2002 in Ethiopia, India (Andhra Pradesh and Telangana), Peru and Vietnam. We use logistic regressions to examine associations between mental health and pandemic-related stressors, structural factors (gender, age), and lifelong protective/risk factors (parent and peer relationship, wealth, long-term health problems, past emotional problems, subjective well-being) measured at younger ages.SettingA geographically diverse, poverty-focused sample, also reaching those without mobile phones or internet access.Participants10 496 individuals were approached; 9730 participated. Overall, 8988 individuals were included in this study; 4610 (51%) men and 4378 (49%) women. Non-inclusion was due to non-location or missing data.Main outcome measuresSymptoms consistent with at least mild anxiety or depression were measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (≥5) or Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (≥5).ResultsRates of symptoms of at least mild anxiety (depression) were highest in Peru at 41% (32%) (95% CI 38.63% to 43.12%; (29.49–33.74)), and lowest in Vietnam at 9% (9%) (95% CI 8.16% to 10.58%; (8.33–10.77)), mirroring COVID-19 mortality rates. Women were most affected in all countries except Ethiopia. Pandemic-related stressors such as health risks/expenses, economic adversity, food insecurity, and educational or employment disruption were risk factors for anxiety and depression, though showed varying levels of importance across countries. Prior parent/peer relationships were protective factors, while long-term health or emotional problems were risk factors.ConclusionPandemic-related health, economic and social stress present significant risks to the mental health of young people in LMICs where mental health support is limited, but urgently needed to prevent long-term consequences.

In Conversation… Anxiety

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Child Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Anxiety And Depression

We spoke to Professor Cathy Creswell about some of the barriers to support for children with anxiety, the Anxiety and Depression in Young people research clinic, and her role as the lead for the Emerging Minds: Action for Child Mental Health research network.

scholarly journals Guidelines for the public on how to provide mental health first aid: narrative review

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony F. Jorm ◽  
Anna M. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Mental Health First Aid ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Wide Range

BackgroundExpert-consensus guidelines have been developed for how members of the public should assist a person with a mental health problem or in a mental health crisis.AimsThis review aimed to examine the range of guidelines that have been developed and how these have been implemented in practice.MethodA narrative review was carried out based on a systematic search for literature on the development or implementation of the guidelines.ResultsThe Delphi method has been used to develop a wide range of guidelines for English-speaking countries, Asian countries and a number of other cultural groups. The primary implementation has been through informing the content of training courses.ConclusionFurther work is needed on guidelines for low- and middle-income countries.Declaration of interestA.F.J. is an unpaid member of the Board of Mental Health First Aid International (trading as Mental Health First Aid Australia), which is a not-for-profit organisation.

scholarly journals Young People’s Attitude Toward Positive Psychology Interventions: Thematic Analysis

10.2196/21145 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. e21145
Author(s):  
Toni Michel ◽  
Franziska Tachtler ◽  
Petr Slovak ◽  
Geraldine Fitzpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Positive Psychology Interventions ◽  
People’S Attitudes

Background Digital instantiations of positive psychology intervention (PPI) principles have been proposed to combat the current global youth mental health crisis; however, young people are largely not engaging with available resources. Objective The aim of this study is to explore young people’s attitudes toward various PPI principles to find ways of making digital instantiations of them more engaging. Methods We conducted an explorative workshop with 30 young people (aged 16-21 years). They rated and reviewed 29 common PPIs. Ratings and recorded discussions were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results Some interventions were conflicting with young people’s values or perceived as too difficult. Participants responded positively to interventions that fit them personally and allowed them to use their strengths. Conclusions Values, context, strengths, and other personal factors are entangled with young people’s attitudes toward digital instantiations of PPI principles.

Transition points: well-being and disciplinary identity in the first years of doctoral studies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Gonzalez ◽  
Heeyun Kim ◽  
Allyson Flaster
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Doctoral Studies ◽  
Doctoral Study ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disciplinary Identity

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine doctoral students’ developmental trajectories in well-being and disciplinary identity during the first three years of doctoral study. Design/methodology/approach This study relies on data from a longitudinal study of PhD students enrolled at a large, research-intensive university in the USA. A group-based trajectory modeling approach is used to examine varying trajectories of well-being and disciplinary identity. Findings The authors find that students’ physical health, mental health and disciplinary identity generally decline during the first few years of doctoral study. Despite this common downward trend, the results suggest that six different developmental trajectories exist. Students’ backgrounds and levels of stress, psychological needs satisfaction, anticipatory socialization experiences and prior academic success predict group membership. Originality/value Although there is emergent evidence of a mental health crisis in graduate education scant evidence exists about the way in which well-being changes over time as students progress through their doctoral studies. There is also little evidence of how these changes might be related to academic processes such as the development of disciplinary identity. This study reported varying baseline degrees of well-being and disciplinary identity and offers that stress and unmet psychological needs might be partially responsible for varying trajectories.

Rethinking mental health provision in the secure estate for children and young people: a framework for integrated care (SECURE STAIRS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Taylor ◽  
Lisa Shostak ◽  
Andrew Rogers ◽  
Paul Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Care Plans ◽  
Trauma Informed Care ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Trauma Informed

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to outline the challenges to achieving positive outcomes for young people within the secure estate in England, and introduces a psychologically informed framework, SECURE STAIRS (SS), aimed at improving outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The paper argues that there is a need for a fundamental shift in the way care and intervention for young people within the secure estate is delivered. It gives an overview of current challenges and needs and summarises the theoretical concepts and evidence base which can guide practice and form the foundations of the SS framework. Findings The framework recommends that intervention shift from focussing primarily on individual assessment and treatment to a greater emphasis on supporting the work of the wider system of care. Recommendations include promoting trauma-informed care, a focus on the system dynamics within institutions and how these impact on the care young people receive, and on the collaborative development with residential staff and young people of formulation-led care plans that include a focus on issues of sustainability after leaving the secure estate. Practical implications These include the establishment of discrete residential groupings with truly integrated and trauma-informed work across residential, mental health, education and criminal justice agencies. This involves addressing governance issues around shared record keeping, and challenges to sustainability and the accompanying need for local implementation plans for each establishment alongside central support at a strategic level. Originality/value This paper describes a new and innovative way of working within secure settings to ensure children and young people’s needs are better met.

Enhancing recovery: transition intervention service for return to the community following exit from an alternative to psychiatric inpatient admission – a residential recovery house

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Alan Griffiths ◽  
Samira Heinkel ◽  
Bohdana Dock
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Goal Achievement ◽  
Inpatient Admission ◽  
Personal Goal ◽  
Mental Health Crisis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transition Intervention ◽  
Intervention Service

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact on recovery and personal goal attainment of a transition intervention service for return to the community following exit from an alternative to psychiatric inpatient admission – a residential recovery house. The services seek to facilitate community reintegration, promote recovery and prevent future mental health crisis. The service was funded by the Stone Family Foundation. Design/methodology/approach – This evaluation employed a within groups design: a single case evaluation follow-up. Analysis of Recovery Star and personal goal achievement data collected at service entry and exit points during routine practice (n=181), at four sites in England. The adults had mental illness diagnoses including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, personality disorder, and anxiety disorder. Findings – There was a significant increase in overall Recovery Star scores with a large effect size, and significant increases in eight of the ten Recovery Star life domains. There were significant increases in the goal scores linked to “Managing mental health”, “Self-care” and “Living skills”. Practical implications – A transitional intervention service provided by the third sector for return to community following mental health crisis may contribute to recovery and personal goal achievement. A randomised control trial of this transition intervention service is recommended. Originality/value – This is first outcome evaluation of an alternative to psychiatric inpatient admission transition intervention service and findings indicate the potential positive effect of having this service incorporated into the design of alternative to admission provision.

More than just characters in a story: effective and meaningful involvement of young people in mental health research

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh MacSweeney ◽  
Sarah Bowman ◽  
Clare Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young People ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Youth Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advisory Groups ◽  
Meaningful Involvement ◽  
Youth Involvement

Purpose The story of youth mental health remains poorly understood. To truly progress our understanding of youth mental health, we must shift our focus from one in which young people are the subjects, or “characters”, of research efforts to one in which they are active agents, or “authors”. This change in dynamic falls under the banner of public and patient involvement (PPI), a growing movement that emphasises the meaningful involvement of the public in health research. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Here, the authors aim to stimulate this shift in focus by describing emerging practices of youth involvement in paediatric research and outlining how such practices can be extended to the domain of youth mental health. In particular, the authors highlight Young Persons’ Advisory Groups (YPAG), through which young people can be involved in an active, meaningful and mutually beneficial manner, at each step in the research life cycle. Findings A YPAG comprises young people who act as research partners, providing guidance on a range of activities. In the health domain, YPAGs have provided fresh perspectives, generated valuable knowledge and changed attitudes about youth involvement in research. Moreover, they provide young people with genuine opportunities to shape research so that it addresses issues they encounter in their everyday lives. Originality/value The establishment of youth mental health YPAGs will enhance the authors’ research questions, design, delivery and impact. The authors outline how researchers can embrace PPI and work together with young people to tell a different story of youth mental health.

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