Design of a risk assessment methodology for the introduction of invasive species from ship ballast waters

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrahmane Bouda ◽  
Nour El Islam Bachari ◽  
Lylia Bahmed ◽  
Ryad Boubenia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Environmental Similarity ◽  
Process Factors ◽  
Shipping Traffic ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Ballast water of merchant ship is a source of introduction of invasive species around the globe. The purpose of this paper is to present a quantitative risk assessment applied to a model port, the Port of Arzew in Algeria, and based on an analysis of this port’s shipping traffic. Design/methodology/approach – The risk assessment for introduction of invasive species is interpreted in the form of a probabilistic process, with a combination of two probabilities. The first probability is related to the ability of a species to arrive to the destination (recipient port), depending on the quantity of water ballast discharged and the duration of voyage. The second one is based on the species ability to survive in their new environment, which depends on the environmental similarity between donor port and Arzew port. Findings – This assessment’s outcome consists on a classification of scenarios regarding their acceptability. Consequently, it helped to classify donor ports according to a risk scale, from low risk to high-risk donor ports. Research limitations/implications – The phenomenon of invasion of aquatic species is a complex process. Factors such as adaptation and tolerance of species, the attendance or absence of predators, were not taken into account in this study. Practical implications – This study could be used by the maritime administration as a decision-making tool regarding the issue of exemptions under the IMO International Convention on the Management of Ballast Water and Sediments 2004. Originality/value – This is one of the first known studies in Algeria and dealing with ballast water management. The results of this assessment provide useful information to policy makers, in order to develop a national strategy to reduce the impact of shipping pollution on the marine environment.

FDA-iRISK—A Comparative Risk Assessment System for Evaluating and Ranking Food-Hazard Pairs: Case Studies on Microbial Hazards

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUHUAN CHEN ◽  
SHERRI B. DENNIS ◽  
EMMA HARTNETT ◽  
GREG PAOLI ◽  
RÉGIS POUILLOT ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Impact

Stakeholders in the system of food safety, in particular federal agencies, need evidence-based, transparent, and rigorous approaches to estimate and compare the risk of foodborne illness from microbial and chemical hazards and the public health impact of interventions. FDA-iRISK (referred to here as iRISK), a Web-based quantitative risk assessment system, was developed to meet this need. The modeling tool enables users to assess, compare, and rank the risks posed by multiple food-hazard pairs at all stages of the food supply system, from primary production, through manufacturing and processing, to retail distribution and, ultimately, to the consumer. Using standard data entry templates, built-in mathematical functions, and Monte Carlo simulation techniques, iRISK integrates data and assumptions from seven components: the food, the hazard, the population of consumers, process models describing the introduction and fate of the hazard up to the point of consumption, consumption patterns, dose-response curves, and health effects. Beyond risk ranking, iRISK enables users to estimate and compare the impact of interventions and control measures on public health risk. iRISK provides estimates of the impact of proposed interventions in various ways, including changes in the mean risk of illness and burden of disease metrics, such as losses in disability-adjusted life years. Case studies for Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella were developed to demonstrate the application of iRISK for the estimation of risks and the impact of interventions for microbial hazards. iRISK was made available to the public at http://irisk.foodrisk.org in October 2012.

A quantitative risk assessment methodology and evaluation of food supply chain

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 1272-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rishabh Rathore ◽  
Jitesh J. Thakkar ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Food Supply Chain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Quantification

Purpose The food supply chain is exposed to severe environmental and social issues with serious economic consequences. The identification and assessment of risk involved in the food supply chain can help to overcome these challenges. In response, the purpose of this paper is to develop a risk assessment framework for a typical food supply chain. Design/methodology/approach An integrated methodology of grey analytical hierarchy process and grey technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution is proposed for developing a comprehensive risk index. The opinion of the experts is used to illustrate an application of the proposed methodology for the risk assessment of the food supply chain in India. Findings Valuable insights and recommendations are drawn from the results, which are helpful to the practitioners working at strategic and tactical levels in the food supply chain for minimising the supply chain disruptions. Research limitations/implications The risk quantification for the case organisation is primarily based on inputs collected from the experts working for Indian food supply chain, and so the generalisation of the results is limited to the context of developing countries. However, the generalisability of the proposed risk quantification methodology and key insights developed in the food supply chain will assist practitioners in policy making. Practical implications The risk priorities established by this research would enable an implementation of systematic risk mitigation strategies and deployment of necessary resources for leveraging the efficiency of food supply chain. Originality/value Specifically, this research has delivered a risk quantification framework and strengthened the inquiry of risk management for the food supply chain.

Risk assessment for the industrial network based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 916-937
Author(s):  
Chao Ren ◽  
Xiaoxing Liu ◽  
Zongqing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Fuzzy Sets ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Network ◽  
Risk Magnitude ◽  
Interval Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a risk evaluation method for the industrial network under high uncertain environment. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces an extended safety and critical effect analysis (SCEA) method, which takes the weight of each industry in a network into risk assessment. Furthermore, expert experience and fuzzy logic are introduced for the evaluation of other parameters. Findings The proposed approach not only develops weight as the fifth parameter in quantitative risk assessment but also applies the interval type-2 fuzzy sets to depict the uncertainty in the risk evaluation process. The risk rating of each parameter excluding weight is determined by using the interval type-2 fuzzy numbers. The risk magnitude of each industry in the network is quantified by the extended SCEA method. Research limitations/implications There is less study in quantitative risk assessment in the industrial network. Additionally, fuzzy logic and expert experience are expressed in the presented approach. Moreover, different parameters can be determined by different weights in network risk assessment in the future study. Originality/value The extended SCEA method presents a new way to measure risk magnitude for industrial networks. The industrial network is developed in risk quantification by assessing weights of nodes as a parameter into the extended SCEA. The interval type-2 fuzzy number is introduced to model the uncertainty of risk assessment and to express the risk evaluation information from experts.

scholarly journals Sexual offending hierarchies, personality attributions, and the clinical implications

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Elizabeth Challinor ◽  
Simon Duff
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Sexual Offence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine sexual offending hierarchies constructed by the general public and forensic staff based on personal attitudes and perceived severity of offence. In addition, six sexual offence perpetrators are differentiated using the Five Factor Model of personality. Design/methodology/approach Vignettes represented six sexual offence perpetrators. Participants built a hierarchy based on perceived severity of offence, before attributing personality characteristics to each offender using a Likert-type scale. Findings Contact offenders were perceived as more dangerous than non-contact offenders. Rapists were perceived as the most dangerous, and voyeurs the least dangerous. Offenders were attributed significantly different personality traits. Generally, men who sexually offend are perceived to be low in agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness and high in impulsivity, manipulativeness and neuroticism. Practical implications The research highlights the importance of individual risk assessment in determining best practice treatment for men who have sexually offended (MSO). The Five Factor Model has been proven to be a useful tool to explore the impact staff attitudes have on risk assessment and treatment. Low-risk and high-risk MSO would benefit from divergent treatment. Consideration should be given to personality characteristics in addition to level of risk. Originality/value The research determines a hierarchy of men who sexually offend, and goes beyond the “label” of sexual offenders to explore how personality impacts on formation of attitudes.

scholarly journals Risk assessment and exemption approval procedure for the semi-closed seas according to the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments, 2004

Pomorstvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214
Author(s):  
Katarina Balić ◽  
Damir Zec
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Water Control ◽  
International Convention ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Approval Procedure ◽  
Control And Management

The paper analyses statutory foundations applicable to ships requiring to be exempted from the mandatory installation of the ballast water management system. In particular, it deals with ships sailing on regular international lines but within the semi-closed seas, such as the Adriatic Sea. The legal framework is set out in the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water and Sediments (BWM, 2004), the IMO Guidelines for Risk Assessment A-4 (G7), and the Croatian Ordinance on Ballast Water Control and Management, 2012 [Pravilnik o upravljanju i nadzoru balastnih voda]. The paper presents the model procedure to be followed by main stakeholders, mainly national maritime administrations and shipping companies. The paper outlines the main advantages and disadvantages of the whole process and analyses several cases of good practice. Furthermore, the main stakeholders in the approval procedure and their responsibilities are described, available risk assessment models are analysed, with the particular emphasis on the species-specific risk assessment method as the most preferred method. Finally, the need for cooperation between the involved states and their maritime administrations is considered. It is concluded that bilateral and regional cooperations are an essential element in preserving the marine environment of any sea area. In that respect, the proposed model of the BWM system exemption approval in closed and semi-closed seas, such as the Adriatic Sea, is essential for shipping companies connecting ports in different countries on regular routes. Although demanding in respect of efforts and time, a procedure is viable and may be carried out in due time and with satisfactory outcomes.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SHIP'S BALLAST WATER ON INVASIVE SPECIES OCCURRENCE, AND AS A CONSEQUENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH: A SHORT REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
A. Kholdebarin ◽  
N. Mozaffari ◽  
V. Vambol ◽  
S. Vambol ◽  
N. Mozaffari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Nutrient Cycle ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ship’S Ballast Water

Water is one of the main ways of transportation. The reduction of water pressure on the ship hull, controlling ship submergence, compensate for the impact of losing weight from fuel or water consumption, help to the existence of lateral balance and stability are the factors that show all ships need ballasting. Ballast water contains a large number of organisms from different species, which are in different life stages (egg, Larvae, Cysts, Spores, or adult). These aquatic invasive species cause damage to fisheries, aquaculture, water supply system, industrial infrastructure, biodiversity, and habitat. The study aims to review open information sources and analyze them to identify the Impact of ship's ballast water on invasive species occurrence, and as a consequence on environmental and public health effects. The search for sources was carried out for the keywords «ballast water», «ecology», «environment», «public health» and «invasive species», as well as for various combinations of these words through the Google Scholar. Restrictions in the search for sources amounted to: since 2005 and in relevance. The features of one of the reasons for the spread of invasive species and negative environmental consequences for aqua systems and public health are studied. The study's practical value lies in the fact that the study results can be used to train workers from water transport and ensure the environmental safety of aqua systems. Predation, parasitism, competition, the introduction of new pathogens, genetic changes, habitat alterations, species shift, and loss of biodiversity are the most important ecological impacts. Exotic species, which are often brought with ballast water, cause change to ecosystem function by changing in a nutrient cycle and a decrease in water quality. It is established that some invasive species including Vibrio Cholera and Giardia duodenalis that are transported by ballast water also affect the public health by increasing the risk of pathogens and parasitism.

scholarly journals Aggregated Risk Assessment and Survey for Risk Reduction in Oil Terminals

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12169
Author(s):  
Robertas Alzbutas ◽  
Mindaugas Vaisnoras ◽  
Inga Saruniene ◽  
Ricardas Krikstolaitis ◽  
Mindaugas Valincius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Aggregation ◽  
Risk Reduction Measures ◽  
The Impact

One of the goals of any oil terminal is to make a business while avoiding hazardous events and harmful effects for both humans and the environment. This can be achieved by creating a safe working place as well as by performing safe and acceptable activities regarding the impact on surrounding objects, including residential and industrial areas. The aim of the hazard analysis of the oil terminal is to assess the risks related to hazardous events or phenomena and to evaluate whether the assessed risks are acceptable. The hazard analysis and assessment of risk are also used for risk reduction while examining and limiting hazardous scenarios that, for instance, involve the loss-of-containment of flammable or combustible material. In this paper, the authors aim to contribute to risk research by providing a comprehensive methodology of risk assessment for oil terminals with case study results and discussion on features of the methodology, risk aggregation, its applicability for risk reduction, and industrial interests. The performed study considered the “Klaipedos Nafta AB” (an operator of the Klaipeda Oil Terminal, Lithuania) case study regarding hazardous materials that might be released from various tanks, devices, and associated pipelines. The performed quantitative risk assessment has enabled the determination of the probability regarding whether releases would ignite and, for instance, cause explosion. In the case study, the estimate of probability, i.e., the frequency, and the possible consequences of the hazardous events were evaluated, and both mitigation and risk reduction measures were also considered.

Validating ecological risk assessments for fisheries: assessing the impacts of turtle excluder devices on elasmobranch bycatch populations in an Australian trawl fishery

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane P. Griffiths ◽  
David T. Brewer ◽  
Don S. Heales ◽  
David A. Milton ◽  
Ilona C. Stobutzki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Trawl Fishery ◽  
Recovery Potential ◽  
Risk Assessment Method ◽  
Fishing Impacts ◽  
The Impact

Demonstrating ecological sustainability is a challenge for fisheries worldwide, and few methods can quantify fishing impacts on diverse, low value or rare species. The current study employed a widely used ecological risk assessment method and incorporated new data to assess the change in sustainability of species following the introduction of Turtle Excluder Devices (TEDs) in Australia’s Northern Prawn Fishery (NPF). Population recovery ranks changed for 19 of the 56 elasmobranch species after the introduction of TEDs, with nine species showing an increase in sustainability. Unexpectedly, ten species showed a decrease in sustainability. This was due to TEDs successfully excluding large animals from the catch, resulting in a lower mean length at capture, which reduced the recovery ranks for two criteria relying on length data. This falsely indicates that TEDs increase the impact on pre-breeding animals, thus reducing the recovery potential of these species. The results demonstrate that existing attribute-based risk assessment methods may be inadequate for reflecting even the most obvious changes in fishing impacts on bycatch species. Industry and management can benefit greatly from an approach that more accurately estimates absolute risk. The development and requirements of a new quantitative risk assessment method to be developed for the NPF, and applicable to fisheries worldwide, are discussed.

A New Calculation Method of Environmental Similarity

2012 ◽  
Vol 260-261 ◽  
pp. 1104-1108
Author(s):  
Xiao Man Xu ◽  
Jun Xian Ke ◽  
Dan Kun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Ballast Water ◽  
New Method ◽  
Environmental Similarity ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Similarity Calculation ◽  
Overlap Ratio ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

The environmental similarity in this study is the special part of ships' ballast water risk assessment of environmental similarity in ships' ballast water risk assessment. The environmental similarity refers to the degree of similarity between two or more ports. For the study of ships' ballast water, the main consideration is the degree of similarity between the port seawater, in the process of the degree of similarity to the seawater, choosing temperature, salinity, pH, DO, DIN, DIP to calculate the environmental similarity. Firstly, the two calculating environments similarity methods (angle cosine method and based on the concept of ORDR (overlap ratio of data ranges) environmental similarity calculation method) are described and discussed. And analyze their problems. Then, propose a new method for calculating the environmental similarity.

Study on Quantitative Risk Assessment of LGP Transportation in Road Tunnel

2011 ◽  
Vol 255-260 ◽  
pp. 4105-4109
Author(s):  
Yu Chun Zhang ◽  
Chuan He ◽  
Yong Fang ◽  
Xiao Qin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Quantitative Risk Assessment ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Road Tunnel ◽  
Boiling Liquid ◽  
Flash Fire ◽  
Vapor Cloud ◽  
Property Loss ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Impact

Based on the tunnel environment and the characteristic of flammability and explosion of liquefied petroleum gas (LGP), the leak of LPG tanker can induce heavy casualties and property loss in the tunnel. In order to study quantitative risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel, the data of 599 accidents and 659 accidental vehicles are collected. From these data, the proportion of LGP tanker accident in the total accident vehicles and million vehicles kilometer (MVK) tanker accident rates are obtained. By analyzing the leakage scene of LGP tanker, the possible accident types of the LGP transportation were analyzed, such as boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion (BLEVE), vapor cloud explosion (VCE), flash fire and jet fire, etc. The impact of leak time to various ranges of injury is studied in the condition of LGP continued leakage. The slight injury, serious injury and death radius of LGP leakage accidents are calculated in tanker loaded with different LGP quantity. In view of the accidental analysis, the countermeasures will be proposed to reduce the risk of LGP transportation in road tunnel.

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