Small ozone generator fabricated from low-temperature co-fired ceramics

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kostja Makarovič ◽  
Darko Belavič ◽  
Barbara Malič ◽  
Andreja Benčan ◽  
Franci Kovač ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Ozone Generator ◽  
Ceramic Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Buried Channels

Purpose The purpose of this study is the design, fabrication and evaluation of a miniature ozone generator using the principle of electric discharge are presented. Design/methodology/approach The device was fabricated using a low-temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) technology, by which a multilayered ceramic structure with integrated electrodes, buried channels and cavities in micro and millimeter scales was realized. Findings The developed ozone generator with the dimensions of 63.6 × 41.8 × 1.3 mm produces approximately 1 vol. % of ozone in oxygen flow of 15 ml/min, at an applied voltage of 7 kV. Originality/value A miniature ozone generator, manufactured in LTCC technology, produces high amount of ozone and more than it is described in the available references or in datasheets of commercial devices of similar size.

Computer‐aided selective production of low-resistance NiP and NiCuP layers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kowalik ◽  
Edyta Wróbel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Surface Resistance ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
Ceramic Substrates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Chemical Metallization

Purpose This paper aims to present the possibility of computer-aided technology of chemical metallization for the production of electrodes and resistors based on Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layers. Design/methodology/approach Based on the calculated parameters of the process, test structures were made on an alumina substrate using the selective metallization method. Dependences of the surface resistance on the metallization time were made. These dependencies take into account the comparison of the calculations with the performed experiment. Findings The author created a convenient and easy-to-use tool for calculating basic Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layer parameters, namely, surface resistance and temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of test resistor, based on chemical metallization parameters. The values are calculated for a given level of surface resistance of Ni-P and Ni-Cu-P layer and defined required range of changes of TCR of test resistor. The calculations are possible for surface resistance values in the range of 0.4 Ohm/square ÷ 2.5 Ohm/square. As a result of the experiment, surface resistances were obtained that practically coincide with the calculations made with the use of the program created by the authors. The quality of the structures made is very good. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper presents a new, unpublished method of manufacturing electrodes (resistors) on silicon, Al2O3 and low temperature co-fired ceramic substrates based on the authors developed computer program.

scholarly journals Perancangan dan Realisasi Generator Ozon menggunakan Metoda Pembangkitan Tegangan Tinggi Bolak – Balik (AC)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
WALUYO WALUYO ◽  
DERIL ALVIAN PERMANA ◽  
SITI SAODAH
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Electric Discharge ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Oxygen Flow Rate ◽  
Oxygen Flow ◽  
Ozone Generator ◽  
Concentration Increase ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Voltage Variation

ABSTRAKPemanfaatan teknologi ozon pada berbagai sektor telah menunjukkan kegunaan dan keunggulan dari pemanfaatan ozon.Salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk menghasilkan ozon melalui peluahan muatan listrik dengan korona discharge. Metoda perancangan generator ozonmenggunakan pembangkitan tegangan tinggi dari trafo dengan variasi tegangan ±3000V & ±4000V, laju alir oksigen (1 dan 3 liter/menit), dan waktu ozonasi (5; 10; 15; 20; 25 dan 30 menit) dan mengatur jarak antar batang konduktor 0,3 cm. Produk ozon dialirkan pada air bersih dan dihitung konsentrasi sisa ozonnya menggunakan larutan indigo kolorimetri. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semakin menurunnya laju alir oksigen, konsentrasi ozon meningkat. Peningkatan tegangan output akan menambah besar medan listrik yang dihasilkan, sehingga konsentrasi ozon meningkat. Besar tegangan yang berhasil dibangkitkan sebesar 3370 V dan 4324 V. Konsentrasi maksimum ozon yang terbentuk adalah 0.088 mgO3/liter pada voltase 4324 V dan laju alir oksigen 1 liter/menit. Konsentrasi minimum ozon yang terbentuk adalah 0,012 mgO3/L pada voltase 3370 dan laju alir oksigen 3 liter/menit.Kata Kunci: indigo kolorimetri, korona discharge,medan listrik, ozon, ozon generator ABSTRACTUsing of ozone technology at various sectors have shown excellence and usefulness of ozone. One of the way to produce ozone is by electric discharge with corona discharge. The design method of ozone generator by generating high voltage from the transformer with voltage variation ± 3000 V and ± 4000 V , the oxygen flow rate ( 1 and 3 liters / min ) , and the time of ozonation ( 5 ; 10 ; 15 ; 20 ; 25 and 30 min) and adjust the distance between the conductor rod 0.3 cm.Product ozone water flowed in and calculated the concentration of residual ozon use solution indigocolorimetri. Result indicated that the decreasing of oxygen flowrate leads ozon concentration increase. By increasing of voltage variation, the electric field increasingly large, the more the results of ozone is formed. Large voltage successfully raised at 3370 V and 4324 V. The maximum concentration of ozone is formed is 0.088 mgO3 / liter at 4324 volts voltage and oxygen flow rate of 1 liter / min . The minimum concentration of ozone is formed is 0.012 mgO3 / L at 3370 voltage and oxygen flow rate of 3 liters / min. Keyword: indigo kolorimetri, korona discharge,electric field, ozon, ozon generator

Effects of Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the microstructure and mechanical properties of SnBi low-temperature solder joints

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Yuxiong Xue ◽  
Min Zhou ◽  
Rongxing Cao ◽  
Xianghua Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Solder Joint ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Solder Joints ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the mechanical properties of SnBi solder joints. Four Sn-Ag-x (Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu-0.5 Bi-0.05Ni and Sn-3.0Ag-3.0 Bi-3.0In) leveling layers were coated on Cu pads to prepare SnBi/Sn-Ag-x/Cu solder joints. The microstructure, hardness, shear strength and fracture morphology of solder joints before and after aging were studied. Design/methodology/approach The interfacial brittleness of the SnBi low-temperature solder joint is a key problem affecting its reliability. The purpose of this study is to improve the mechanical properties of the SnBi solder joint. Findings Owing to the addition of the leveling layers, the grain size of the ß-Sn phase in the SnBi/Sn-Ag-x/Cu solder joint is significantly larger than that in the SnBi/Cu eutectic solder joint. Meanwhile, the hardness of the solder bulk in the SnBi/Cu solder joint shows a decrease trend because of the addition of the leveling layers. The SnBi/Cu solder joint shows obvious strength drop and interfacial brittle fracture after aging. Through the addition of the Sn-Ag-x layers, the brittle failure caused by aging is effectively suppressed. In addition, the Sn-Ag-x leveling layers improve the shear strength of the SnBi/Cu solder joint after aging. Among them, the SnBi/SACBN/Cu solder joint shows the highest shear strength. Originality/value This work suppresses the interfacial brittleness of the SnBi/Cu solder joint after isothermal aging by adding Sn-Ag-x leveling layers on the Cu pads. It provides a way to improve the mechanical performances of the SnBi solder joint.

scholarly journals Element sensor based on microplasma generators

Sensor Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Matusiak ◽  
Krzysztof Swiderski ◽  
Jan Macioszczyk ◽  
Piotr Jamroz ◽  
Pawel Pohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Chemistry ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
Spectroscopic Properties ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Cathode Sputtering ◽  
Ceramic Structure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Liquid Cathode

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a study on miniaturized instruments for analytical chemistry with a microplasma as the excitation source. Design/methodology/approach The atmospheric pressure glow microdischarge could be ignited inside a ceramic structure between a solid anode and a liquid cathode. As a result of the cathode sputtering of the solution, it was possible to determine its chemical composition by analyzing the emission spectra of the discharge. Cathodes with microfluidic channels and two types of anodes were constructed. Both types were tested through experimentation. Impact of the electrodes geometry on the discharge was established. A cathode aperture of various sizes and anodes made from different materials were used. Findings The spectroscopic properties of the discharge and its usefulness in the analysis depended on the ceramic structure. The surface area of the cathode aperture and the flow rate of the solution influence on the detection limits (DLs) of Zn and Cd. Originality/value Constructed ceramic structures were able to excite elements and their laboratory-size systems. During the experiments, Zn and Cd were detected with DLs 0.024 and 0.053 mg/L, respectively.

scholarly journals Vulnerable adults in police custody

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ian Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulnerable Adults

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the recent National Appropriate Adult Network (NAAN) report on the role of the appropriate adult. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the NAAN report and a review of relevant policy and research literature. Findings There to Help 2 highlights that there are still significant gaps in the provision of appropriate adult schemes across England and Wales. These gaps potentially place vulnerable adults at increased risk. Originality/value This paper is a review of recent research.

Co-workers’ perceptions of and reactions to employee’s involuntary demotion

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Hennekam ◽  
Subramaniam Ananthram ◽  
Steve McKenna
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Emotional Reaction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Informational Justice ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Behavioural Reaction ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Way

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate how individuals perceive and react to the involuntary demotion of a co-worker in their organisation. Design/methodology/approach The authors draw on 46 semi-structured in-depth interviews (23 dyads) with co-workers of demoted individuals. Findings The findings suggest that an individual’s observation of the demotion of a co-worker has three stages: their perception of fairness, their emotional reaction and their behavioural reaction. The perception of fairness concerned issues of distributive, procedural, interpersonal and informational justice. The emotional responses identified were feelings of disappointment/disillusion, uncertainty, vulnerability and anger. Finally, the behavioural reactions triggered by their emotional responses included expressions of voice, loyalty, exit and adaptation. Originality/value Perceptions of (in)justice perpetrated on others stimulate emotional and behavioural responses, which impacts organisational functioning. Managers should therefore pay attention to the way a demotion is perceived, not only by those directly concerned, but also by co-workers as observers.

Consumer value creation through WhatsApp use

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-471
Author(s):  
Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas ◽  
Jorge Guadalupe-Lanas ◽  
Ekaterina Zabelina ◽  
Andrés Palacio-Fierro ◽  
Margarita Velín-Fárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand in-depth how consumers create value in their lives using WhatsApp, the leading mobile instant messaging (MIM) application. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts the perspective of customer-dominant logic (CDL) and uses a qualitative multimethod design involving 3 focus groups and 25 subsequent in-depth interviews. The research setting was Ecuador, a Latin American country. Findings Analysis and interpretation of the participants’ stories made it possible to identify and understand the creation of four types of value: maintaining and strengthening relationships; improving role performance; emotional support; and entertainment and fun. In addition, the present study proposes a conceptual model of consumer value creation as it applies to MIM. Practical implications Understanding the way consumers create value in their lives using MIM is important not only for organizations that offer MIM applications, but also for those companies that develop other applications for mobile phones or for those who wish to use MIM as an electronic word-of-mouth vehicle. Originality/value The current study is one of the first to address the topic of consumer behavior in the use of technologies from the perspective of CDL; this perspective enables an integrated qualitative vision of value creation in which the consumer is the protagonist.

scholarly journals Advantages and potential challenges of data management in e-maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Razmi-Farooji ◽  
Hanna Kropsu-Vehkaperä ◽  
Janne Härkönen ◽  
Harri Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Industry Leader ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to understand data management challenges in e-maintenance systems from a holistically viewpoint through summarizing the earlier scattered research in the field, and second, to present a conceptual approach for addressing these challenges in practice. Design/methodology/approach The study is realized as a combination of a literature review and by the means of analyzing the practices on an industry leader in manufacturing and maintenance services. Findings This research provides a general understanding over data management challenges in e-maintenance and summarizes their associated proposed solutions. In addition, this paper lists and exemplifies different types and sources of data which can be collected in e-maintenance, across different organizational levels. Analyzing the data management practices of an e-maintenance industry leader provides a conceptual approach to address identified challenges in practice. Research limitations/implications Since this paper is based on studying the practices of a single company, it might be limited to generalize the results. Future research topics can focus on each of mentioned data management challenges and also validate the applicability of presented model in other companies and industries. Practical implications Understanding the e-maintenance-related challenges helps maintenance managers and other involved stakeholders in e-maintenance systems to better solve the challenges. Originality/value The so-far literature on e-maintenance has been studied with narrow focus to data and data management in e-maintenance appears as one of the less studied topics in the literature. This research paper contributes to e-maintenance by highlighting the deficiencies of the discussion surrounding the perspectives of data management in e-maintenance by studying all common data management challenges and listing different types of data which need to be acquired in e-maintenance systems.

An exploratory empirical study of whistleblowing and whistleblowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-770
Author(s):  
Maria Krambia-Kapardis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Due Date ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unethical Behaviour ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a profile of whistleblowers and to determine whether whistleblowing legislation would encourage those individuals to bring to light some illegal or unethical behaviour that otherwise would remain in the shadows. Design/methodology/approach Having identified whistleblowing correlation, a survey was carried out in Cyprus of actual whistleblowers and could-have-been whistleblowers. Findings Males between 46 and55 years of age, regardless of whether they have dependents or hold senior positions in organizations are significantly more likely to blow the whistle. However, could-have-been whistleblowers did not go ahead because they felt that the authorities would not act on their information. Research limitations/implications Because of the sensitive nature of the research topic and the fact that only whistleblowers or intended whistleblowers could participate in the study, the sample size is limited as a result. This, in turn, limits both the number of respondents in each category (actual and intended) as well as constrains the statistical analysis that could be carried out on the data. Practical implications It remains to be seen whether EU Member States shall implement the European Directive 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union Law, in its entirety by the due date, namely December 2021. Originality/value This study provides a literature review of whistleblowing and reports an original survey against the backdrop of the European Directive.

Interest rate option hedging portfolios without bank account

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Alberto Bueno-Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Contingent Claim ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Condition ◽  
Barrier Option ◽  
Bank Account ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Option Hedging ◽  
Hedging Portfolio ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
First Time

Purpose This paper aims to study the conditions for the hedging portfolio of any contingent claim on bonds to have no bank account part. Design/methodology/approach Hedging and Malliavin calculus techniques recently developed under a stochastic string framework are applied. Findings A necessary and sufficient condition for the hedging portfolio to have no bank account part is found. This condition is applied to a barrier option, and an example of a contingent claim whose hedging portfolio has a bank account part different from zero is provided. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that this issue has been addressed in the literature.

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