Population groups and banks: a comparative study on the survival analysis of Indian commercial banks

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakshi Khanna ◽  
Manoj Gaur
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Population Group ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Advance Study ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose Banks in India have started opening their branches in different areas to make sure that their customers get a high-touch experience and they see them as a premier brand. This could be ensured only if the banks show a stable physical presence in the market as well as provide the recent high-tech services to their customers as per the population group. The purpose of this study is to examine the survival rates of the commercial banks in India across the four population groups along with the differences that exist in their survival rates in all the population groups. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is based on the quarterly data of the number of functioning offices of the commercial banks in India as per the four population groups from March 2006 to December 2019. The survival is estimated using the Kaplan–Meier estimator. Findings From the analysis, it is revealed that survival of the banks changes as per the population group. In addition to this, it is found that the survival time of each category of the bank varies in each population group. Research limitations/implications This study focuses only on the commercial banks of India; a similar research could be done for other categories of Indian banks. Also, the results would have been different if the variables such as the size of the bank, bank risk, etc. are included and studied. Moreover, this study is done using the Kaplan–Meier estimator, i.e. time-to-event. Further, an advance study could be done after considering the financial parameters of banks using the Cox’s regression model, which explores the relationship between various predictors and the time-to-event. Social implications Due to the changes in the preferences of societies, the banks should also adopt different strategies to ensure that their products are understood and accepted by their customers. This will eventually increase the survival rate of the banks. Originality/value The work made in this study is completely new.

Cost efficiency analysis of scheduled commercial banks: empirical evidence from India

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 586-602
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhatia ◽  
Megha Mahendru
Keyword(s):  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cost Inefficiency ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate cost efficiency (CE) scores of Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) in India over a period of 22 years, i.e. 1991–1992 to 2012–2013. Design/methodology/approach Data envelopment analysis (DEA) – a non-parametric approach is used to calculate efficiency scores of banks. Further the efficiency scores are decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency. The differences in the efficiency scores across ownership as well as across reformatory and post-reformatory era are examined by applying Panel Tobit Regression. Findings The paper also identifies the reason for cost inefficiency among Indian banks. In addition, the nature of their return to scale of all SCBs has also been evaluated. The results of the paper depict that Indian SCBs have never achieved full CE score of 1 in any of the years of study. The dominant reason identified behind cost inefficiency is allocative inefficiency. Surprisingly, the results also highlight that SCBs exhibit higher CE scores in reformatory era as compared to the post-reformatory era. Originality/value With specific reference to India, even lesser literature is found on CE. Indian banking sector has witnessed many changes on account of liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG). Before banks adapted to the new environment, the global financial crisis acted as a fuel to fire affecting the performance of banks. Thus, a reassessment over a longer period would help to know a wholistic view of the issue of cost inefficiency, which has always been a troubling factor for Indian banks.

The relationship between credit risk management and non-performing assets of commercial banks in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirus Sharifi ◽  
Arunima Haldar ◽  
S.V.D. Nageswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Credit Risk ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Credit Risk Management ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of credit risk components on the performance of credit risk management and the growth in non-performing assets (NPAs) of commercial banks in India. Design/methodology/approach The data are obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data are collected by administering questionnaire among risk managers of Indian banks. The secondary data on NPAs of Indian banks are from annual reports and Prowess database compiled by the Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy. Multiple linear regression is used to estimate the models for the study. Findings The results suggest that the identification of credit risk significantly affects the credit risk performance. The results are robust as credit risk identification is negatively related to annual growth in NPAs or loans. There is evidence in support of a priori expectation of better credit risk performance of private banks compared to that of government banks. Practical implications The study has implications for Indian banks suffering from a high level of losses due to bad loans. In addition, it will have implications for the implementation of new Basel Accord norms (Basel III) by the Reserve Bank of India. Social implications The high and rising level of NPAs will have adverse consequences for credit flow in the economy in the absence of appropriate intervention by government and central bank in the form of changes in institutional and regulatory infrastructure. The problems in banking and financial services sector will lead to lower industrial and aggregate economic growth, and lower (or negative) growth in employment. Originality/value There is little evidence on credit risk management practices of Indian banks, and its relationship with credit risk performance and NPA growth. The need for an effective risk management system to manage credit risk assumes importance and urgency in the context of high and rising NPAs of Indian banks, and the consequences for the Indian economy.

Stressed assets, off-balance sheet business activities and performance of Indian banking sector: a DEA double bootstrap approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shahid Zaman ◽  
Anup Kumar Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Capital Adequacy ◽  
Bank Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bootstrap Approach ◽  
Double Bootstrap ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose This paper examines the technical efficiency (TE) of Indian commercial banks during 1998–2015. Design/methodology/approach This study uses mathematical programming-based data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology to measure technical efficiency of Indian banks. Further, Simar and Wilson (2007) double bootstrap procedure is applied to examine the determinants of efficiency of the Indian banks, by examining the effects of various bank specific and other contextual variables. Findings The results indicate substantial upward bias in the conventional efficiency estimates of the Indian commercial banks. Needless to note, such upward bias is consistent with the theoretical postulates. The bootstrapped regression results show that increasing capital adequacy ratio is positively associated with bank efficiency. The popular belief that non-performing assets have a dampening effect on performance of banks is validated. Among others, ownership category is observed to be an important determining factor of bank efficiency. Specifically, state-owned banks (SOBs) are relatively lagging behind the foreign banks. Moreover, larger banks are observed to have a significantly higher level of efficiency, therefore, recent official policy initiatives toward consolidation of SOBs are validated. Originality/value As this study uses Simar and Wilson (2007) bootstrap approach, it enables the authors to have an estimate of the extent of bias in the traditional DEA TE scores. It also helps us drawing consistent inferences by rectifying the problem of serial correlation in the conventional second stage regression in this regard.

Fusion rate: a time-to-event phenomenon

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sagun K. Tuli ◽  
Jayshree Tuli ◽  
Peng Chen ◽  
Eric J. Woodard
Keyword(s):  
Median Time ◽  
Fusion Rate ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Time To Event ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The term “fusion rate” is generally denoted in the literature as the percentage of patients with successful fusion over a specific range of follow up. Because the time to fusion is a time-to-event phenomenon a more accurate method of representation may be made using the Kaplan—Meier method of estimation. Methods. The current study was performed to illustrate that fusion rate is more accurately represented by median times as calculated using survival analysis. Patients undergoing a cervical decompressive corpectomy and reconstruction formed the basis of the primary analysis. A secondary analysis was made to evaluate the difference in the fusion times for one- compared with multilevel corpectomy cases. Data were collected at a tertiary care institution over a 5-year period with 6-month follow up after the last recruitment. Descriptive statistics of baseline patient characteristics, the extent of disease, and the surgical intervention were obtained. Fusion was the final outcome, and it was defined as the “event.” The presence of any trabeculae bridging between the vertebral body and allograft signified the occurrence of an event. Postoperative static radiographs were evaluated by independent neuroradiologists to assess the presence of fusion. Fusion rate was determined using the Kaplan—Meier estimate. The median time to fusion was calculated, as were the 95% confidence intervals (CIs). These were stratified for patients who underwent one- and two-level vertebrectomy. The log-rank test was used to differentiate between one-level and multilevel corpectomy. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression for further evaluation, by adjusting for covariates (age, sex, smoking history). Fifty-seven patients underwent single- or multilevel corpectomy and fusion. The male/female ratio was similar, with a median age of 53 years. Fourteen patients had a history of cigarette smoking. Thirty-six patients underwent a one-level corpectomy, 20 a two-level corpectomy, and one patient underwent a three-level corpectomy. The analysis was restricted to one- and two-level cases. The median time to fusion for the cephalad and caudad aspect of the graft—host interface was 88 days (95% CI 82–94 days) and 85 days (95% CI 77–93 days), respectively. As generally reported in the literature, this translates to a 92% (by 2.1 years) and 93% (by 1.5 years) fusion rate, for the cephalad and caudad, respectively. The median time to fusion for the cephalad aspect of the graft for one-level vertebrectomy was 87 days (95% CI 83–91 days), whereas for two-level vertebrectomy was 90 days (95% CI 59–121 days). The median time to fusion for the caudal aspect of the graft—host interface was 85 days (95% CI 80–90 days) for one-level corpectomy and 90 days (95% CI 83–97 days) for the two-level cases. There was no statistically significant difference in the median time to fusion for one- and two-level corpectomy at either the superior or inferior aspect of the graft (p = 0.19 and 0.84, respectively). This held true even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusions. Fusion rate is a time-to-event phenomenon and is more accurately represented using the Kaplan—Meier method of estimation.

scholarly journals Mitigating the COVID-19 pandemic in India: an in-depth exploration of challenges and opportunities for three vulnerable population groups

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Thomas ◽  
Emma Emily de Wit ◽  
R.K. Radhakrishnan ◽  
Nupur Kulkarni ◽  
Joske G.F. Bunders-Aelen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
State Level ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internally Displaced

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic is certain to have an unprecedented impact on the global population, but marginalized and vulnerable groups in low-income countries (LICs) are predicted to carry the largest burden. This study focuses on the implications of COVID-19-related measures on three population groups in India, including (1) migrant laborers (of which a majority come from Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), as well as Other Backward Classes (OBCs)), (2) children from low-income families and, (3) refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs).Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a sequential mixed-method research design. A desk-based study of a selection of government reports was undertaken on the COVID-19-related mitigation measures. The desk study was followed by in-depth interviews with purposively recruited high-ranking experts in specific sectors of policy implementation and service delivery across the country.FindingsThe outcomes of this study shed light on (1) the most urgent needs that need to be addressed per population group, (2) the variety of state-level responses as well as best practices observed to deal with mitigation issues and (3) opportunities for quick relief as well as more long-term solutions.Practical implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic has not only reduced people's means of maintaining a livelihood but has simultaneously revealed some of India's long-standing problems with infrastructure and resource distribution in a range of sectors, including nutrition and health, education, etc. There is an urgent need to construct effective pathways to trace and respond to those people who are desolate, and to learn from – and support – good practices at the grassroot level.Originality/valueThe current study contributes to the discussion on how inclusive public health might be reached.

Non-performing assets and technical efficiency of Indian banks: a meta-frontier analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 2105-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Arora ◽  
Nidhi Grover Arora ◽  
Kritika Kanwar
Keyword(s):  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Commercial Banking ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Undesirable Output ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Frontier Analysis ◽  
Indian Banks

Purpose The issue of mounting non-performing assets (NPAs) in Indian banking industry is serious and attracting attention of academia and policy planners. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to test the hypothesis whether NPAs in Indian commercial banking have reached at alarming state where they start affecting the technical efficiency levels adversely or not. Design/methodology/approach The efficiency score have been computed using case model (model with NPAs as bad/undesirable output) vs control model (model without NPAs as bad/undesirable output) methodology under meta-frontier data envelopment analysis framework. Findings It has been noticed that the effect of NPAs on overall technical efficiency and its various components is insignificant. The comparison of the case models (i.e. model with NPAs as bad output) with the control models (i.e. model without NPAs) reveals insignificant difference in average efficiency scores and rank distribution of commercial banks. The major source of inefficiency is technology gap (i.e. structure, setup and objectives of banking) among public, domestic private and foreign private categories of banks. Practical implications Though NPAs are increasing in Indian banking industry and specifically in Indian public sector banks because of their compulsory lending to priority sector yet the banks have huge scope to extend credit to priority sector as the NPAs have not reached at alarming stage where they start affecting adversely the efficiency performance. Originality/value Given the fact that the banking penetrations, structure and objectives differ significantly across ownership, separate frontiers for each ownership (public, private and foreign banks) category has been used to evaluate the technical efficiency levels of 81 commercial banks operating in India over the period 2005 to 2013.

Measuring the performance of the Indian banking industry: data envelopment window analysis approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shakeb Akhtar ◽  
Mahfooz Alam ◽  
Mohd Shamim Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Industry ◽  
Foreign Banks ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Window Analysis ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Individual

PurposeThis study aims to empirically evaluate the performance of commercial banks operating in India.Design/methodology/approachThe efficiency of the commercial banks is evaluated using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach. We measure the technical, pure technical and scale efficiency of the sampled conventional banks using the input-oriented model. We employed an extended DEA window analysis approach based on a panel sample of 47 banks in the Indian scenario. The period of study is from 2009 to 2018.FindingsThe results obtained from CRS and VRS measures envisage that Indian banks have failed to manage their inputs efficiently and convert them into outputs. It implies that Indian banks do not operate at an optimum level. Moreover, the results show that public banks exhibit superior efficiency scores followed by private and foreign banks. Apart from the aggregate sector level, we also investigate the performance of Indian banks at the individual level for in-depth analysis. The individual bank-level analysis reports that the public sector banks (PSBs) are the most efficient followed by foreign banks, whereas, the least efficient are the private banks.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of our study have implications for government, financial institutions and policymakers to access the verve and flexibility of the Indian banking system. The government should consider restructuring inefficient banks to enhance overall performance. This can be considered by improvement in managerial efficiency, efficient allocation of scarce resources and appropriate scale of operation. However, the findings of the study should be interpreted in light of the period of study for the banks being operational (as we filter out banks that ceased to exist) in India and empirical methods employed. The results may vary if alternative measures are used.Originality/valueThe present paper investigates the efficiency of the Indian banking sector employing the Data Envelopment Window Analysis (DEWA) technique. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is perhaps the first one to employ the DEWA measure on the Indian banking industry to gauge their performance over time.

Regulatory capital and risk of Indian banks: a simultaneous equation approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santi Gopal Maji ◽  
Utpal Kumar De
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Regulatory Capital ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Relevant Variable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the association between regulatory capital and risk of Indian commercial banks and the impacts of other relevant variables on them. Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on a secondary data set on Indian commercial banks collected from “Capitaline Plus” corporate database and annual reports of the respective banks. Total 41 major Indian banks (21 public and 20 private sector banks) are considered in this study. Here absolute values of capital and risk are used as dependent variables along with some relevant bank specific explanatory variables in a system of a two-equation model. Based on the nature of interrelationship and identifiability of the equations, three-stage least squares (3SLS) technique is used to estimate the relationship. Findings – Risk and capital of Indian commercial banks are inversely associated. The influence of profitability on both capital and risk is significantly positive. Moreover, human capital efficiency is negatively associated with the undertaking of risk by the banks. In this respect, Indian private sector banks are found to be more efficient in utilizing human capital for reducing credit risk. Originality/value – It is the first comparative study in India examining the relationship between capital and risk of Indian public and private sector commercial banks covering both Basel I and II periods. Further, the role of human resource in managing risk is considered as a relevant variable in this study.

Transapical versus Conventional Aortic Valve Replacement�A Propensity-Matched Comparison

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Holzhey ◽  
William Shi ◽  
A. Rastan ◽  
Michael A. Borger ◽  
Martin H�nsig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Valve ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Good Treatment Option ◽  
Matched Comparison

<p><b>Introduction:</b> The goal of this study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes after aortic valve (AV) surgery carried out via standard sternotomy/partial sternotomy versus transapical transcatheter AV implantation (taTAVI).</p><p><b>Patients and Methods:</b> All 336 patients who underwent taTAVI between 2006 and 2010 were compared with 4533 patients who underwent conventional AV replacement (AVR) operations between 2001 and 2010. Using propensity score matching, we identified and consecutively compared 2 very similar groups of 167 patients each. The focus was on periprocedural complications and long-term survival.</p><p><b>Results:</b> The 30-day mortality rate was 10.8% and 8.4% (<i>P</i> = .56) for the conventional AVR patients and the TAVI patients, respectively. The percentages of postoperative pacemaker implantations (15.0% versus 6.0%, <i>P</i> = .017) and cases of renal failure requiring dialysis (25.7% versus 12.6%, <i>P</i> = .004) were higher in the TAVI group. Kaplan-Meier curves diverged after half a year in favor of conventional surgery. The estimated 3-year survival rates were 53.5% � 5.7% (TAVI) and 66.7% � 0.2% (conventional AVR).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Our study shows that even with all the latest successes in catheter-based AV implantation, the conventional surgical approach is still a very good treatment option with excellent long-term results, even for older, high-risk patients.</p>

scholarly journals T1a Glottic Cancer: Advances in Vocal Outcome Assessment after Transoral CO2-Laser Microsurgery Using the VEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1250
Author(s):  
Wen Song ◽  
Felix Caffier ◽  
Tadeus Nawka ◽  
Tatiana Ermakova ◽  
Alexios Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Function Analysis ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Glottic Cancer ◽  
Vocal Performance ◽  
Laser Microsurgery ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Objective Parameter ◽  
Oncological Results ◽  
Perceptual Assessment

Patients with unilateral vocal fold cancer (T1a) have a favorable prognosis. In addition to the oncological results of CO2 transoral laser microsurgery (TOLMS), voice function is among the outcome measures. Previous early glottic cancer studies have reported voice function in patients grouped into combined T stages (Tis, T1, T2) and merged cordectomy types (lesser- vs. larger-extent cordectomies). Some authors have questioned the value of objective vocal parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory prospective study was to investigate TOLMS-associated oncological and vocal outcomes in 60 T1a patients, applying the ELS protocols for cordectomy classification and voice assessment. Pre- and postoperative voice function analysis included: Vocal Extent Measure (VEM), Dysphonia Severity Index (DSI), auditory-perceptual assessment (GRB), and 9-item Voice Handicap Index (VHI-9i). Altogether, 51 subjects (43 male, eight female, mean age 65 years) completed the study. The 5-year recurrence-free, overall, and disease-specific survival rates (Kaplan–Meier method) were 71.4%, 94.4%, and 100.0%. Voice function was preserved; the objective parameter VEM (64 ± 33 vs. 83 ± 31; mean ± SD) and subjective vocal measures (G: 1.9 ± 0.7 vs. 1.3 ± 0.7; VHI-9i: 18 ± 8 vs. 9 ± 9) even improved significantly (p < 0.001). The VEM best reflected self-perceived voice impairment. It represents a sensitive measure of voice function for quantification of vocal performance.

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