Incorporation of whole oat, especially bran, into a high-fat diet, improves cardio-metabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetic rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-616
Author(s):  
Fatima Bensalah ◽  
Nour el Imane Harrat ◽  
Fouad Affane ◽  
Hadjera Chekkal ◽  
Myriem Lamri-Senhadji
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Oat Bran

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whole oat, oat bran and refined oat incorporation in a high-fat diet (HFD) on cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Design/methodology/approach T2DM was induced by feeding male rats with an HFD for 10 weeks, followed by a low dose of streptozotocin. T2DM rats were then divided into four homogeneous groups. Three groups consumed an HFD containing 45 per cent (g/100 g diet) whole oat, oat bran or refined oat. The fourth untreated group (control) received the HFD. Findings The results showed that whole oat and oat bran, compared with refined oat and control, effectively reduced food intake (p < 0.007), arterial blood pressure (p = 0.0001), glycemia (p < 0.001), insulinemia (p < 0.01), glycosylated haemoglobin (p < 0.001) as well as homeostasis insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p < 0.001). They also improved blood lipid levels and reverse cholesterol transport by reducing serum total cholesterol (p = 0.0001), triacylglycerols (p < 0.05), very-low- (p = 0.0001) and low-density lipoproteins cholesterol contents (p < 0.02) increasing lipids (p < 0.002) and cholesterol excretion (p = 0.0001), and high-density lipoprotein cholesteryl esters (HDL2-CE) concentrations (p = 0.0001) and stimulating lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity (p = 0.0001). Moreover, they attenuated lipid peroxidation by increasing paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) atheroprotective activity (p < 0.05). Originality/value In T2DM rats, whole oat and particularly, its bran incorporated into an HFD improves arterial blood pressure, glycemic balance and lipid metabolic pathway by reducing hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia and increasing atheroprotective activities of LCAT and PON-1. In contrast, refined oat accentuates the risk factors associated with diabetes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rice Bran Extract on Arterial Blood Pressure, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naphatsanan Duansak ◽  
Pritsana Piyabhan ◽  
Umarat Srisawat ◽  
Jarinyaporn Naowaboot ◽  
Nusiri Lerdvuthisopon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. Inflammation and hypertension are primary mechanisms involving in obesity-associated adverse effects of a high-fat diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of rice bran extract (RBE) on arterial blood pressure, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Methods. Male ICR mice were divided into four groups, including a normal-diet control group, a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) group, an HFD group treated with RBE (220 mg/kg/day), and an HFD group treated with 1100 mg/kg/day for eight weeks. Besides body weight and arterial blood pressure, we determined liver values of total cholesterol, triglyceride, as well as percent body fat, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and mRNA endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Results. The HFD group had increased body weight, increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure, liver total cholesterol, triglyceride, NF-κB, COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and decreased mRNA eNOS in the aorta. Mice of the HFD group receiving RBE had reduced diastolic blood pressure, as well as significantly decreased liver and serum TNF-α and MDA levels in the liver, and reduced NF-κB levels in both the liver and heart. Conclusions. These results demonstrate that RBE decreases diastolic blood pressure, the liver lipid droplet accumulation, liver and myocardial NF-κB, myocardial COX-2 and MMP-9 protein levels, and oxidative stress. Moreover, RBE may improve endothelial function and may alleviate adverse health effects associated with obesity including obesity-associated hypertension.

Anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, hypocholesterolemic and antioxidant properties of prickly pear nopalitos in type 2 diabetic rats fed a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 476-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour el Imane Harrat ◽  
Sabrine Louala ◽  
Fatima Bensalah ◽  
Fouad Affane ◽  
Hadjera Chekkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of prickly pear (Opuntia ficus indica (OFI)) nopalitos on body weight, food consumption, arterial blood pressure, glucidic homeostasis, cholesterol metabolic pathway and tissues redox status in type 2 diabetic (T2D) rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Design/methodology/approach Rats were fed by a HFD containing 30 per cent sheep fat for 10 weeks, after which they were rendered diabetic by an injection of a low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg). The diabetic rats were then divided into two groups. The first group consumed the HFD supplemented with 5 per cent (g/100 g diet) of freeze-dried OFI nopalitos (HFD-OFI), and the second group received the HFD without supplementation (HFD). Findings OFI nopalitos treatment decreased significantly arterial diastolic (−20%; p = 0.0001) and systolic (−16%; p = 0.0001) pressures, glycemia (−14%; p = 0.03), insulinemia (−50%; p = 0.04), glycated hemoglobin (−49%; p = 0.003), homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (−67%; p = 0.03), cholesterolemia (−31%; p = 0.003), very-low and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (−38%; p = 0.002 and −63% p = 0.0002, respectively); thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and lipid hydroperoxide contents, respectively, in liver (−26% p = 0.02, −20% p = 0.02), adipose tissue (−30% p = 0.002, −25% p = 0.001), muscle (−29% p = 0.003, −25% p = 0.008) and kidney (lipid hydroperoxides only (−28%; p = 0.001) but increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL2) cholesteryl esters (+61%; p = 0.0001), serum lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity (+21%; p = 0.006) and antioxidant enzymes activities (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase) of some tissues (liver, adipose tissue, muscle and kidney). Originality/value Freeze-dried OFI nopalitos improves arterial blood pressure, glycemic control, metabolic pathway of cholesterol and redox status in T2D rats.

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “The Effect of Rice Bran Extract on Arterial Blood Pressure, Hepatic Steatosis, and Inflammation in Mice Fed with a High-Fat Diet”

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Naphatsanan Duansak ◽  
Pritsana Piyabhan ◽  
Umarat Srisawat ◽  
Jarinyaporn Naowaboot ◽  
Nusiri Lerdvuthisopon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rice Bran Extract ◽  
Arterial Blood

The relationship of blood flow velocity fluctuations to intracranial pressure B waves

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Newell ◽  
Rune Aaslid ◽  
Renate Stooss ◽  
Hans J. Reulen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Flow Fluctuations

✓ Intracranial pressure (ICP) and continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasound signals were monitored in 20 head-injured patients and simultaneous synchronous fluctuations of middle cerebral artery (MCA) velocity and B waves of the ICP were observed. Continuous simultaneous monitoring of MCA velocity, ICP, arterial blood pressure, and expired CO2 revealed that both velocity waves and B waves occurred despite a constant CO2 concentration in ventilated patients and were usually not accompanied by fluctuations in the arterial blood pressure. Additional recordings from the extracranial carotid artery during the ICP B waves revealed similar synchronous fluctuations in the velocity of this artery, strongly supporting the hypothesis that blood flow fluctuations produce the velocity waves. The ratio between ICP wave amplitude and velocity wave amplitude was highly correlated to the ICP (r = 0.81, p < 0.001). Velocity waves of similar characteristics and frequency, but usually of shorter duration, were observed in seven of 10 normal subjects in whom MCA velocity was recorded for 1 hour. The findings in this report strongly suggest that B waves in the ICP are a secondary effect of vasomotor waves, producing cerebral blood flow fluctuations that become amplified in the ICP tracing, in states of reduced intracranial compliance.

Cerebral hemorrhage and edema following brain biopsy in rats: significance of mean arterial blood pressure

2000 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helene Benveniste ◽  
Katie R. Kim ◽  
Laurence W. Hedlund ◽  
John W. Kim ◽  
Allan H. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Shr Rats ◽  
Mr Microscopy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wky Rats ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fine Print

Object. It is taken for granted that patients with hypertension are at greater risk for intracerebral hemorrhage during neurosurgical procedures than patients with normal blood pressure. The anesthesiologist, therefore, maintains mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) near the lower end of the autoregulation curve, which in patients with preexisting hypertension can be as high as 110 to 130 mm Hg. Whether patients with long-standing hypertension experience more hemorrhage than normotensive patients after brain surgery if their blood pressure is maintained at the presurgical hypertensive level is currently unknown. The authors tested this hypothesis experimentally in a rodent model.Methods. Hemorrhage and edema in the brain after needle biopsy was measured in vivo by using three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) microscopy in the following groups: WKY rats, acutely hypertensive WKY rats, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR strain), and SHR rats treated with either sodium nitroprusside or nicardipine. Group differences were compared using Tukey's studentized range test followed by individual pairwise comparisons of groups and adjusted for multiple comparisons.There were no differences in PaCO2, pH, and body temperature among the groups. The findings in this study indicated that only acutely hypertensive WKY rats had larger volumes of hemorrhage. Chronically hypertensive SHR rats with MABPs of 130 mm Hg did not have larger hemorrhages than normotensive rats. There were no differences in edema volumes among groups.Conclusions. The brains of SHR rats with elevated systemic MABPs are probably protected against excessive hemorrhage during surgery because of greater resistance in the larger cerebral arteries and, thus, reduced cerebral intravascular pressures.

Abstract 015: Increased 20-HETE Levels Contribute to Impaired Glucose Metabolism and Type 2 Diabetes in Cyp4a14 Knockout Mice Fed on High Fat Diet.

Hypertension ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varunkumar G Pandey ◽  
Lars Bellner ◽  
Victor Garcia ◽  
Joseph Schragenheim ◽  
Andrew Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Plasma Insulin Levels

20-HETE (20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid) is a cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylase metabolite of arachidonic acid that promotes endothelial dysfunction, microvascular remodeling and hypertension. Previous studies have shown that urinary 20-HETE levels correlate with BMI and plasma insulin levels. However, there is no direct evidence for the role of 20-HETE in the regulation of glucose metabolism, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this study we examined the effect of 20-SOLA (2,5,8,11,14,17-hexaoxanonadecan-19-yl-20-hydroxyeicosa-6(Z),15(Z)-dienoate), a water-soluble 20-HETE antagonist, on blood pressure, weight gain and blood glucose in Cyp4a14 knockout (Cyp4a14-/-) mice fed high-fat diet (HFD). The Cyp4a14-/- male mice exhibit high vascular 20-HETE levels and display 20-HETE-dependent hypertension. There was no difference in weight gain and fasting blood glucose between Cyp4a14-/- and wild type (WT) on regular chow. When subjected to HFD for 15 weeks, a significant increase in weight was observed in Cyp4a14-/- as compared to WT mice (56.5±3.45 vs. 30.2±0.7g, p<0.05). Administration of 20-SOLA (10mg/kg/day in drinking water) significantly attenuated the weight gain (28.7±1.47g, p<0.05) and normalized blood pressure in Cyp4a14-/- mice on HFD (116±0.3 vs. 172.7±4.6mmHg, p<0.05). HFD fed Cyp4a14-/- mice exhibited hyperglycemia as opposed to normal glucose levels in WT on a HFD (154±1.9 vs. 96.3±3.0 mg/dL, p<0.05). 20-SOLA prevented the HFD-induced hyperglycemia in Cyp4a14-/- mice (91±8mg/dL, p<0.05). Plasma insulin levels were markedly high in Cyp4a14-/- mice vs. WT on HFD (2.66±0.7 vs. 0.58±0.18ng/mL, p<0.05); corrected by the treatment with 20-SOLA (0.69±0.09 ng/mL, p<0.05). Importantly, glucose and insulin tolerance tests showed impaired glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance in Cyp4a14-/- mice on HFD; ameliorated by treatment with 20-SOLA. This novel finding that blockade of 20-HETE actions by 20-SOLA prevents HFD-induced obesity and restores glucose homeostasis in Cyp4a14-/- mice suggests that 20-HETE contributes to obesity, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in HFD induced metabolic disorder. The molecular mechanisms underlying 20-HETE mediated metabolic dysfunction are being currently explored.

Clinical recording of pressure on the spinal cord and cauda equina

1982 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Magnaes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cauda Equina ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Spinal Block ◽  
Pressure Curve ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fine Print

✓ When an intraspinal expanding lesion causes a spinal block, a segment of the spinal cord or cauda equina will be subjected to general pressure from the surrounding tissue. This spinal block pressure, the spinal equivalent to intracranial pressure, was measured by lumbar infusion of fluid and simultaneous recording of the volume-pressure curve caudal to the block. The point of deviation from or breakthrough of the exponential volume-pressure curve indicated the spinal block pressure. Spinal block pressure of about 500 mm H2O and more could be determined by this method, and, when it was combined with Queckenstedt's test, lower pressures could be assessed as well. In the static (thoracic) part of the spine, spinal block pressure up to the level of arterial blood pressure was recorded. In the dynamic part of the spine, however, spinal block pressure could exceed arterial blood pressure due to external compressive forces during extension of the spine. There was a general tendency for more severe neurological deficits in patients with high spinal block pressure; but the duration of the pressure, additional focal pressure, and spinal cord compared with nerve root compression seemed equally important factors. The recording has implications for diagnosis, positioning of patients for myelography and surgery, selection of high-risk patients for the most appropriate surgical procedure, and detection of postoperative hematoma. There were no complications associated with the recordings.

Cerebral protection during aneurysm surgery with isoflurane anesthesia

1992 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredric B. Meyer ◽  
Donald A. Muzzi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Cerebral Protection ◽  
Aneurysm Surgery ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Isoflurane Anesthesia ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Vasopressor Agent

✓ A strategy for intraoperative cerebral protection is described in which intraoperative electroencephalography is used to titrate the level of inspired isoflurane given for anesthesia to obtain isoelectricity prior to temporary vessel occlusion during repair of difficult aneurysms. During temporary vessel occlusion, arterial blood pressure is maintained or increased with an inotropic or vasopressor agent. After clipping of the aneurysm, the concentration of isoflurane is reduced to allow the patient to awaken in the operating room for early postoperative neurological examination. The combination of a high concentration of isoflurane, temporary vessel occlusion, and maintenance of arterial blood pressure may be a useful protective regimen during neurovascular procedures.

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