Physical activity and sedentary behaviors associated with overweight and obesity among primary school children in Tanzania: a case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renatha Pacific ◽  
Kissa Kulwa ◽  
Haikael D. Martin ◽  
Pammla Petrucka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Control Study

Purpose This study aims at determining the risk of physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors on overweight and obesity among primary school children aged 10–13 years in Tanzania. Design/methodology/approach A case-control study was conducted from January to March 2020 involving 69 overweight/obese children as cases and 138 normal weight children as controls. Cases were identified as having body mass index-for-age ≥ +1 standard deviation (SD) and controls as those having BMI-for-age range between −2 SD to <+1 SD. A validated questionnaire was used for data collection on daily physical activities and sedentary behavior types, frequency duration and activity score. An independent sample t-test was used to compare means of activity score between cases and controls. Binary logistic regression was used to predict risk factors for overweight/obesity. Findings Risk factors for overweight/obesity were listening to music and/or radio for >2 h/week (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.2–6.1) and walking for exercise <2 h/week (OR 2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–4.1). On the other hand, rope skipping for >2 h/week (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03–0.7) was a protective factor against overweight/obesity. Controls had a significantly higher mean score of being active during lunch breaks compared to cases (p = 0.012). Cases had higher weight, height and percentage body fat than controls (p < 0.001). The home environment provided more avenues for physical activity than the school environment. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is original research work and the first case-control study to predict physical activity and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for overweight and obesity in Tanzanian school children.

scholarly journals Risk factors of obesity among Brazilian adolescents: a case–control study

2003 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 743-749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilda B Neutzling ◽  
José August AC Taddei ◽  
Denise P Gigante
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Reference Population ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of Obesity ◽  
Control Study

AbstractObjective:To study risk factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents enrolled in private high schools in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil.Method:This was a case–control study. The subjects were 264 overweight (body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) reference population) and 264 non-overweight (BMI > 5th and <85th NCHS percentiles) adolescents identified by means of an anthropometric survey which included 1608 students. The adolescents were weighed, measured and interviewed about food habits and physical activity at school. Parents provided their own weights and heights when contacted by telephone, and parental BMI was calculated.Results:Hierarchical multiple conditional logistic regression showed that overweight and obesity were positively associated with mother's (odds ratio (OR) 2.86, 95% confidence interval (Cl) 1.43–5.74) and father's (OR 2.43, 95% Cl 1.37–4.30) BMI ≥ 30 kg m−2, being overweight before 10 years of age (OR 2.26, 95% Cl 1.30–3.90) and the habit of dieting (OR 3.53, 95% Cl 1.76–7.22). Having more than three meals per day was found to be a protective factor against overweight and obesity (OR 0.54, 95% Cl 0.29–1.00).Conclusion:The present study showed that a family history of obesity, overweight during childhood and the habit of dieting for weight-loss purposes are factors associated with obesity during adolescence. The habit of having more than three daily meals turned out to be a protective factor against overweight. These results suggest the necessity for early intervention at the family and general community levels aimed at the prevention of obesity through actions directed towards the modification of established behaviours.

Comparison of the key modifiable factors in the first 1000 days predicting subsequent overweight and obesity in pre-school children in Tehran: A case control study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Mardali ◽  
Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-baharanchi ◽  
Afsaneh Dehnad ◽  
Farzad Shidfar ◽  
Saeed Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Pediatric Obesity ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Maternal Overweight ◽  
Paternal Smoking ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background & Objective: The identification of pediatric obesity predictors in the early stages of life is warranted, as it can influence the development of effective strategies to prevent metabolic disorders. Methods: In this case-control study, we assessed nine risk factors for pediatric obesity, namely a birth weight >4000 grams, an exclusive breastfeeding period <4 months, the introduction of solid food at <4 months, maternal overweight, or obesity before pregnancy, maternal smoking during pregnancy, the presence of gestational diabetes, paternal overweight and obesity, and paternal smoking. In order to identify the most relevant predictors of pediatric obesity, we employed a multiple logistic regression model with R2 cox snell by adjusting confounders. Results: In the randomly selected 509 preschool children from Tehran, children exposed to gestational diabetes had the maximum predicted probability of obesity [4.36 (1.94-9.80) %] among the analyzed risk factors. %]. The introduction of solid food at <4 months of age increased the risk of obesity by 2.98 [1.77-4.97%]. The odds ratio of childhood obesity were associated with maternal overweight and obesity [2.72(1.60-4.60) %], maternal smoking [2.21 (1.18-4.11) %], and excessive gestational weight gain [1.89 (1.23-2.91) %]. Paternal smoking and high birth weight increased the risk of pediatrics obesity >1.8 times [1.15-2.94], and > 1.5 times (1.015-2.43) respectively. There was no association between the paternal body mass index, the exclusive breastfeeding time, and the risk of pediatric obesity. Conclusion: Among early risk factors, probably gestational diabetes can be considered as the most important predictor for the risk of pediatric obesity.

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle behavior in adults with epilepsy needs improvement: a case-control study from northeastern Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamila Szałwińska ◽  
Monika Cyuńczyk ◽  
Jan Kochanowicz ◽  
Anna M. Witkowska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Several factors predispose individuals with epilepsy to chronic diseases. Among them, nutrition and lifestyle factors have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate patients with epilepsy in terms of diet, body composition and physical activity compared to healthy sex- and age-matched subjects to investigate whether there are risk factors for nutritional deficiencies and risk factors for the development of metabolic diseases. Methods The case-control study involved 60 epileptic male and female volunteers and 70 healthy controls matched according to age and sex. Medical information was collected during the study, and a detailed questionnaire regarding eating and lifestyle habits was conducted. Physical activity was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Nutritional status was assessed by bioelectric impedance. Venous blood samples were taken for lipid and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) analyses. Results A tendency toward an increase in LDL cholesterol was found in the individuals with epilepsy. Significantly higher body fat and insignificantly higher visceral fat were found in epileptic men than in healthy men. In epileptic women, a tendency toward a lower lean body mass was found. Patients with epilepsy were more sedentary, consumed less cottage cheese, fruit, pulses, nuts and seeds, vitamin C and potassium, and consumed more sugar-sweetened soda, fat and sodium than healthy people. On a positive note, individuals with epilepsy consumed less coffee and alcoholic beverages. More than 80% of the epileptic volunteers had diets that were low in folic acid, vitamin D and calcium, but a similar tendency was observed in the healthy volunteers. A higher percentage of the patients with epilepsy had diets that were low in niacin, vitamin C and potassium than the control group (25% vs. 7, 50% vs. 31% and 73 vs. 56%, respectively). A significantly lower serum concentration of 25(OH)D3 was observed in epileptic individuals and was found to be positively modulated by physical activity. Conclusions The results indicate that several behavior-related habits, which may predispose epileptic people to cardiovascular disease, need to be improved. For this reason, patients with epilepsy should be provided with more comprehensive medical care, including advice on nutrition and physical activity.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus di Puskesmas Mangasa Kota Makassar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
Junaidi ◽  
Ruslan Hasani ◽  
Nuraeni Jalil ◽  
Ramlah Dilla
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Sports Activities ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that is suffered by the sufferer for life. Causes are genetic, lifestyle, BMI, stress management and physical activity / xercise. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors for the incidence of DM. at the Puskesmas Mangasa, Makassar City. Methods: This research method is descriptive analytic with a case control study design. Place of research at Puskesmas Mangasa. The research was carried out on 1- 21 September 2020. Sampling used purposive sampling. The sample size of the study was 47 samples. Results: The results showed diet value OR = 5.111 (95% CI: 1.36-19.16), p = 0.028, BMI OR value = 0.242 (95% CI: 0.064-0.906), p = 0.065, Stress Management OR Value = 0.609 (95% CI: 0.149-2.484), p = 0.496 and sports activities OR = 0.267 (95% CI: 0.071-1.007), p = 0.090. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between diet and the incidence of DM, there is no relationship between BMI and the incidence of DM, there is no relationship between stress management and the incidence of DM and there is no relationship between sports activities and the incidence of DM.

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