Turkmenistan's gas dependence on China is risky

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Export Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Seasonal Peak ◽  
The North ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
Industrial Demand

Subject Turkmenistan's gas markets. Significance On February 4, Russian Gazprom's Deputy CEO Alexander Medvedev announced that his company intended to reduce natural gas imports from Turkmenistan, from about 10 billion cubic metres (bcm) in 2014, to just 4 bcm in 2015. Ashgabat has not reacted officially so far, but a Turkmenistani government source recently characterised Gazprom as an "unreliable partner". Gazprom's move highlights the challenges of Turkmenistan's export diversification strategy, at a time when it is in the process of ramping up gas output to meet growing demand, particularly from China. Impacts Although gas prices have declined since 2014, Turkmenistan's finances are not affected, as it sells gas under long-term contracts. Afghanistan's deteriorating security may jeopardise Turkmenistan's gas production, as most fields, including Galkynysh, are in the south. Gas exports to Iran are likely to remain stable, as Tehran is incapable of satisfying both seasonal peak and industrial demand in the north. China's transition from an economy based on coal to gas will spur future demand for Turkmenistani gas.

US gas pipeline shortage may drive energy diversity

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gulf Coast ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
South Texas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North West ◽  
Natural Gas Pipeline ◽  
North East ◽  
The North

Subject The effects of natural gas pipeline supply constraints in the US North-east. Significance The shale 'revolution' has caused a sharp rise in US natural gas production, but it has been located in areas without gas infrastructure. Production has been concentrated along the Gulf Coast, and the pipeline network is oriented from that region to the North-east and Pacific North-west. Newer areas of energy production, such as Bakken in North Dakota, Eagle Ford in South Texas, and Marcellus in Appalachia, have poor connections to major markets, and constraints have led to pricing spikes in the North-east. Impacts The majority of proposed pipelines for the next several years target areas in the upper Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, and South-east markets. Manufacturers in the North-east will face competitive disadvantage from paying the highest energy costs in North America. Pipeline constraints will not dampen enthusiasm for liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports, especially out of West Coast ports.

“Shale Gas Revolution”: Myths and Realities

2013 ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
N. Simoniya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Shale Gas ◽  
North American ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Natural Gas Markets ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Gas Markets

The author argues that in recent years the world natural gas markets demonstrated vital new trends that primarily relate to the general slump in demand for the natural gas, as well as to accelerated build-up of shale gas production in the North American countries – the USA and Canada. The author proposes a non-partisan analysis of the factors and prospects of the “shale gas revolution”. The general conclusion is that the widely advertised forecasts of the upcoming dislodgement of the traditional gas, including LNG, from the markets of importing nations have no serious grounds.

Volume reduction of produced water generated from natural gas production process using membrane technology

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Visvanathan ◽  
P. Svenstrup ◽  
P. Ariyamethee
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Hollow Fibre ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Natural Gas Production ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Spiral Wound

This paper presents a case study of a natural gas production site covering various technical issues related to selection of an appropriate Reverse Osmosis (RO) system. The long-term field experience indicates the necessity of the selection of appropriate pretreatment systems for fouling-free RO operational conditions. The produced water has a variety of impurities such as oil and grease, process chemicals used for corrosion and scaling control, and dehydration of natural gas, etc. This situation leads to a complicated and extremely difficult task for a membrane specialist to design RO systems, especially the pre-treatment section. Here as part of the pretreatment selection, two types of UF membrane modules viz. spiral wound and hollow fibre, with MWCO of 8000 and 50,000 Dalton respectively, were tested in parallel with NF membranes of the spiral wound type with MWCO 200 Dalton. The UF permeate is used as feed for RO compatibility testing. Both configurations of UF failed to be compatible, due to irreversible fouling of the RO membrane. The NF membrane, however, showed interesting results, due to membrane stability in terms of cleaning and fouling. The NF plant with 50% capacity gave a recovery of 75% and the RO plant gave a recovery of 60% versus the expected 92–95%. The long-term tests have indicated that the reminder of the membranes could be installed to achieve full capacity of the plant. This study also demonstrates the importance of selection of proper pre-treatment set-up for the RO system design.

The storm after the storm: the long-term lingering impacts of hurricanes on schools

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cassandra R. Davis ◽  
Sarah R. Cannon ◽  
Sarah C. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Instructional Time ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the long-term impacts of hurricanes on schools and discuss approaches to improving recovery efforts.Design/methodology/approachInterviews with 20 school districts in Texas and North Carolina after Hurricanes Harvey (2017) and Matthew (2016). In total, 115 interviews were conducted with teachers, principals, district superintendents and representatives from state education agencies. Interview questions focused on the impact of storms and strategies for recovery.FindingsThe authors uncovered three long-term impacts of hurricanes on schools: (1) constrained instructional time, (2) increased social-emotional needs and (3) the need to support educators.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on two storms, in two states, in two successive years. Data collection occurred in Texas, one academic year after the storm. As compared to the North Carolina, data collection occurred almost two academic years after the storm.Practical implicationsThis paper illuminates strategies for stakeholders to implement and expedite hurricane recovery through; (1) updating curricula plans, (2) providing long-term counselors and (3) supporting educators in and out of school.Originality/valueTo date, very few studies have explored the ways in which schools face long-term impacts following a disaster. This paper provides insight to the challenges that prolong the impacts of disasters and impede recovery in schools. With hurricanes and related disasters continuing to affect schooling communities, more research is needed to identify the best ways to support schools, months to years after an event.

scholarly journals “The way things get done around here…” Exploring spatial biographies, social policy and governance in the North East of England

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 655-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Warren
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Health Related

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to argue that the application of social policy in the North East of England is often characterised by tension and conflict. The agencies and professionals charged with implementation of Westminster driven policies constantly seek to deploy their knowledge of local conditions in order to make them both practical and palatable. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the region via established literature from history, geography, sociology and social policy. The paper gives illustrations via empirical work which has evaluated initiatives to improve the health of long term health-related benefit recipients and to sustain individuals in employment in the region. Findings Central to the paper’s argument is the notion of “biographies of place”. The core of this idea is that places have biographies in the same way as individuals and possess specific identities. These biographies have been shaped by the intersections between environment, history, culture and economic and social policy. The paper identifies the region’s economic development, subsequent decline and the alliance of labour politics and industrial employers around a common consensus that sought economic prosperity and social progress via a vision of “modernisation” as a key component of this biography. Originality/value The paper argues that an appreciation of these spatial biographies can result in innovative and more effective social policy interventions with the potential to address issues that affect entire localities.

Distribution and estimates of Australia's identified energy commodity resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Barry E. Bradshaw ◽  
Meredith L. Orr ◽  
Tom Bernecker
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Energy Provider

Australia is endowed with abundant, high-quality energy commodity resources, which provide reliable energy for domestic use and underpin our status as a major global energy provider. Australia has the world’s largest economic uranium resources, the third largest coal resources and substantial conventional and unconventional natural gas resources. Since 2015, Australia’s gas production has grown rapidly. This growth has been driven by a series of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) projects on the North West Shelf, together with established coal seam gas projects in Queensland. Results from Geoscience Australia’s 2021 edition of Australia’s energy commodity resources assessment highlight Australia’s endowment with abundant and widely distributed energy commodity resources. Knowledge of Australia’s existing and untapped energy resource potential provides industry and policy makers with a trusted source of data to compare and understand the value of these key energy commodities to domestic and world markets. A key component of Australia’s low emissions future will be the development of a hydrogen industry, with hydrogen being produced either through electrolysis of water using renewable energy resources (‘green’ hydrogen), or manufactured from natural gas or coal gasification, with carbon capture and storage of the co-produced carbon dioxide (‘blue’ hydrogen). Australia’s endowment with abundant natural gas resources will be a key enabler for our transition to a low emissions future through providing economically competitive feedstock for ‘blue’ hydrogen.

Identification and selection of ICTs for freight transport in product service supply chain diversification

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Muerza ◽  
Emilio Larrodé ◽  
José María Moreno-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chains ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technological Diversification ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Service Supply Chains ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose Following the methodology designed for selecting the best industrial and technological diversification strategy, one of the best methods for achieving the long-term sustainability of companies, the purpose of this paper is to describe its application in the service supply chains (SSCs) sector, specifically, in freight transport in product service supply chains. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used in diversification processes comprises four stages: evaluation of the technological diversification suitability; selection of the technological diversification strategy; implementation of the diversification strategy; and evaluation of the process. Findings The main contributions of the paper are: the proposal of a taxonomy or functional inventory for information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the freight transport industry (FTI); the introduction of a new concept, the technological shrub, a variant of the technological tree that allows interdependencies between the functionality systems; the construction of a technological shrub for ICTs in a standard FTI firm; and the multicriteria selection, based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), of the best diversification strategy that can be incorporated by this standard firm for improving competitiveness. This selection utilises a “bottom-up” approach. Originality/value The paper deals with the long-term sustainability of companies by means of technological diversification strategies. Based on the taxonomy constructed for ICTs in the SSC sector and the identification of key technologies for a particular firm, a technological shrub is constructed and a multicriteria procedure is developed in order to select the best diversification strategy.

Latin America's LNG drive could quickly lose momentum

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Gas Storage ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Weather Phenomenon ◽  
Gas Balance

Subject Energy diversification efforts. Significance The El Nino weather phenomenon has laid bare the vulnerabilities of South America's dependence on hydropower. Gas has been the primary back-up, and liquefied natural gas (LNG) import capacity a strategic necessity (one which the northern part of the continent lacks). However, a recovery in Argentine gas production could eventually change the region's current gas balance, while the growth of renewables offers a new, indigenous, low-cost energy source. Impacts Investment in LNG import capacity and gas storage will continue. However, facilities face the threat of low utilisation as renewables capacity and domestic gas production increases. As one of the cheapest forms of electricity generation with a large amount of unexploited resource, hydropower will expand. States will gradually look towards other forms of system flexibility and grid resilience.

Iran gas can diversify European supplies in long term

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
To Come

Significance The deal reached between Iran and the P5+1 negotiating group (UN Security Council permanent members plus Germany) on July 14 promises to end most sanctions on the country, in return for suspension and monitoring of its nuclear programme. If ratified by all parties, it will create opportunities for an expansion of Iran's gas production and exports. Iran is the holder of the world's largest gas reserves, according to BP estimates. It is also the third-largest producer (after the United States and Russia, and probably having overtaken Qatar during 2015), and the fourth-largest consumer. Impacts Iran could increase gas exports by advancing projects stalled by sanctions, although most of these will take some years to come to fruition. Iran would seek to attract foreign investment into its gas industry to increase production and exports in the longer term. If this occurs, Iran will compete with other gas exporters, particularly Russia, into the 2020s.

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