Voter ID rulings will help Democrats in US election

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Voting ◽  
Disadvantaged Groups ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Citizenship Laws ◽  
Voter Id ◽  
Pressure State

Significance In the 2016 federal election scheduled for November 8, 33 states will have voter ID requirements in place for Election Day. However, five states have had their voter ID and proof-of-citizenship laws overturned or cut back recently by the judiciary, with a number of courts finding such laws discriminatory against eligible voters from traditionally disadvantaged groups, who are less likely to have the appropriate form of identification. Impacts Restrictions on early voting and same-day registration also predominately reduce turnout by Democratic-leaning constituencies. Judicial findings may pressure state and local boards of elections into reviewing their registration and election procedures. Despite the Democrats' national-level advantages, Republicans often have stronger electoral machinery for winning statehouses.

'New South' states can negate Trump gains for Clinton

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
New South ◽  
Us South ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Early Voting ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The Us ◽  
Voter Id

Subject Democratic electoral prospects in the US South. Significance With under 60 days to the November 8 US general election, Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton has been polling competitively with Republican Donald Trump in several southern US states. The key swing states of Florida and Virginia are both trending Democratic, and Georgia, North Carolina and perhaps even Texas are becoming contested, raising a question of whether the Republican Party can continue to rely on the South as a core area of electoral support as it has since the 1980s. Impacts The older and whiter electorates of off-year elections will benefit Republicans in congressional and subnational contests. Protectionist Democrats could widen the party's Southern appeal, but hinder national party unity on trade legislation. Voter ID legislation and restricted early voting and same-day registration could reduce turnout by Democratic-leaning voters.

US police liability debate will divide the parties

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Federal Policy ◽  
Racial Profiling ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
National Level ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Police Custody ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State And Local

Significance The bill is a response to the May 25 death in Minneapolis in police custody of George Floyd, which sparked protests nationwide over failures to hold police accountable and legally liable for police brutality. It seeks to ban a range of controversial methods and practices, including racial profiling, while making it easier to sue the police for civil and criminal misconduct. Impacts This bill is front-runner among several to craft a federal policy to address nationwide what are state and local matters. Meaningful reform will be difficult at national level, given partisan disagreement on defining and solving the problem. Further state and municipal changes will come, whatever happens at national level. The issue of police brutality will be a focal point of the 2020 election campaign.

Germany’s beleaguered CDU faces a crucial few months

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Defence Policy ◽  
Christian Social Union ◽  
The Eu

Significance The results coincide with declining support for the CDU at the national level because of its mishandling of the latest stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and corruption scandals relating to the procurement of face masks and foreign donations. These developments could affect the choice of the CDU-Christian Social Union (CSU) chancellor-candidate, as well as the party’s performance in September’s federal election. Impacts The Greens would likely work better in a CDU-CSU government under CSU leader Markus Soeder, rather than Laschet. A CDU-Green government would be more ambitious on defence policy than previous governments. With the Greens in government, fiscal policy would become more relaxed and this could filter through to the EU level.

Economic factors and the Kauffman startup activity index

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe T. Felan ◽  
Joe R. Bell ◽  
Sadiksha Upadhyay ◽  
Vess L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Household Income ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
National Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Usa ◽  
State And Local

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine entrepreneurial activity in the USA and whether it supports a “pull” or a “push” theory of startup creation. The “push” theory argues that individuals are pushed into entrepreneurship by negative external forces, such as job dissatisfaction, difficulty finding employment, insufficient salary or inflexible work schedule. The “pull” theory contends that individuals are attracted into entrepreneurial activities seeking independence, self-fulfillment, wealth and other desirable outcomes. Design/methodology/approach This paper incorporates three well-established measures when looking at impact factors; unemployment rates, gross domestic product (GDP) and household income. The current study is unique in that it introduces the Kauffman Startup Activity Index (KSAI) as the measure of entrepreneurial activity when examining impact factors. Findings The results of this study support the “pull” theory (or the entrepreneurial effect) of startup activity and further supports the idea that entrepreneurs look for opportunities in the marketplace, rather than being “forced” into self-employment. Research limitations/implications Research is limited to having US data at the national level. Follow-up research could include parsing the data out to the state and local levels. Social implications The results of this study suggest to the economic development community that incentives during times of economic growth could further incent entrepreneurial activity. Originality/value The tact used by the authors is unique in that it relied upon three historical variables – unemployment rates, US GDP and household income – and introduced a new variable, the KSAI, rather than the previously relied upon national startup activity data or startup activity.

Sustainability and planning law in Australia: achievements and challenges

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-242
Author(s):  
Peter John Williams ◽  
Angelique Mary Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Planning System ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable ◽  
Ecologically Sustainable Development

Purpose Since 1992, all levels of government in Australia have pursued a policy of ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Crafted in response to the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 report Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report), the principles contained in the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development have been progressively implemented at the national, state and local levels of government. The purpose of this paper is not only to track the implementation of these principles, through both policy and law in Australia, but also to highlight recent challenges to the concept of ESD using the state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study. Design/methodology/approach Beginning with a description of the Australian concept of ESD, this paper first examines the implementation of ESD through both policy and legislation at the national level. The state of NSW is then selected for more detailed assessment, with examples of key State government legislation and court decisions considered. Equal emphasis is placed on both the achievements in ESD policy development and implementation through legislation, statutory planning procedures and litigation, as well as the challenges that have confronted the pursuit of ESD in NSW. Findings Since its introduction in 1992, the concept of ESD has matured into a key guiding principle for development and environmental decision-making in Australia. However, in recent years, ESD has been the target of significant challenge by some areas of government. Noteworthy among these challenges has been a failed attempt by the NSW Government to introduce new planning legislation which sought to replace ESD with the arguably weaker concept of “sustainable development”. Apparent from this episode is strong community and institutional support for robust sustainability provisions “manifested through ESD” within that State’s statutory planning system. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implementation of ESD in Australia within both a broader international context of sustainable development and specific instances of domestic interpretation and application. It extends this analysis by examining recent public policy attempts to reposition sustainability in the context of statutory planning system reform in NSW.

scholarly journals The prevalence of ill-treatment and bullying at work in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-264
Author(s):  
Victoria Hogan ◽  
Margaret Hodgins ◽  
Duncan Lewis ◽  
Sarah Maccurtain ◽  
Patricia Mannix-McNamara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Bullying ◽  
National Level ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
National Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Irish Data ◽  
Behaviour Study ◽  
National Probability Sample

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of ill-treatment and bullying experienced by Irish workers and to explore individual and organisational predictors. The most recent national figures available are specific to bullying and predate the economic recession; therefore, this study is timely and investigates a broader range of negative behaviours.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey study on a national probability sample of Irish employees was conducted (N = 1,764). The study design replicated the methodology employed in the British workplace behaviour study.FindingsThe results showed that 43% of Irish workers had experienced ill-treatment at work over the past two years, with 9% meeting the criteria for experiencing workplace bullying. A number of individual and organisational factors were found to be significantly associated with the experience of ill-treatment at work.Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides national-level data on workplace ill-treatment and bullying that are directly comparable to British study findings.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that a significant number of Irish workers experience ill-treatment at work, and that workplace bullying does not appear to have decreased since the last national study was conducted in Ireland.Social implicationsThis study is of use to the Irish regulator and persons responsible for managing workplace bullying cases, as it identifies high-risk work situations and contributing individual factors.Originality/valueThis study provides national Irish data on workplace behaviour and ill-treatment following a severe economic recession.

Social capital and national innovation system: a cross-country analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepehr Ghazinoory ◽  
Ali Bitaab ◽  
Ardeshir Lohrasbi
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
National Level ◽  
Innovation System ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Purpose – In the last two decades, researchers have paid much attention to the role of cultural values on economic and social development. In particular, the crucial role of different aspects of culture on the development of innovation has been stressed in the literature. Consequently, it is vital to understand how social capital, as a core cultural value, affects the innovation process and the innovative performance at the national level. However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of four different dimensions of social capital (institutional and interpersonal, associational life and norms) on two of the main functions of national innovation system (NIS) (entrepreneurship and knowledge creation) based on over 50,000 observations in 34 countries. Design/methodology/approach – In this regard, national-level data from the World Values Survey database was employed to quantify social capital. Entrepreneurship is, in turn, assumed to consist of three sub-indexes and 14 indicators based on the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Knowledge creation is also measured through US Patent Office applications. Also, exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modeling approach were used to build the measurement model and investigate the impact that each factor of social capital had on entrepreneurship and knowledge application, respectively. Measurement and structural models were built and their reliability and validity were tested using various fit indices. Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Findings – Research findings suggest the strong positive effect of institutional trust and networking on entrepreneurship. Also, interpersonal trust and networks were shown to have high influence on knowledge development at the national level. Norms appear to have naïve to medium negative effects on both functions. Originality/value – However, to date, the impact of different dimensions of social capital and innovation has not been properly portrayed or explained.

Exploring the importance of cultural collectivism on the efficacy of lean practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 370-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Wiengarten ◽  
Cristina Gimenez ◽  
Brian Fynes ◽  
Kasra Ferdows
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Cultural Dimension ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Practices ◽  
Individualistic Culture ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
Organisational Level

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to assess the influence of cultural collectivism on the efficacy of lean practices. Furthermore, this study assesses whether or not potential cultural disadvantages related to the level of individualism at the national level can be compensated for at the organisational culture level. Design/methodology/approach – Hofstede’s cultural dimension of individualism is used to test whether practicing a collectivistic culture at the organisational level can fully compensate for the potential disadvantages of being geographically situated in an individualistic culture when practicing lean manufacturing. Findings – Results suggest that cultural collectivism at the national and organisational level have a significant impact on the efficacy of lean practices. Furthermore, the negative impact of being situated in an individualistic country cannot be fully compensated for through practicing a collectivistic organisational culture when practicing lean. Originality/value – This study represents a comprehensive attempt to simultaneously assess the collectivism cultural components of lean practices at the national as well as at the organisational level.

Canada-US ties will see fewer irritants under Biden

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Federal Election ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Keystone Xl ◽  
Keystone Xl Pipeline

Significance Canada’s Liberal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau is preparing to welcome a more predictable and stable partner in Biden than outgoing Republican President Donald Trump. However, Biden is also expected quickly to cancel the Keystone XL pipeline, cutting another lifeline to Canada’s oil industry and creating some strain in Canada-US ties. Impacts Improved Canada-US ties will persist even if Trudeau loses the next federal election to Conservative Erin O’Toole. Canada will re-engage militarily with UN peacekeeping and NATO deployments. Trudeau will encourage Biden to end US prosecution of Meng Wanzhou, allowing Canada to release her; Biden may agree. Canada’s border with the United States will open in stages as COVID-19 recedes. Ottawa will push Biden to end ‘Buy American’ procurement policies, with little success.

Measuring tourism success: alternative considerations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Butler
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
National Level ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Indicators Of Success ◽  
Local Levels ◽  
Economic Criteria

PurposeThe study aims to explore the possibility of redefining success in tourism and measuring such a phenomenon by considering alternatives to economic factors, and to identify the ways such measurement could be implemented.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviews and explains current approaches to defining and measuring success in tourism in the literature, followed by identification of alternative factors which could be measured and the implications of such a change in approach.FindingsThere has been a long-standing emphasis and priority placed on measuring tourism at the national level with a focus on economic criteria, and this has been followed at regional and local levels. The result has been that success has become equated with volume, supporting the aim of continued growth in tourism. Such an approach and attitude mitigate against achieving or moving towards sustainability, and other measures are needed to avoid problems such as overtourism.Originality/valueThere has been little discussion of moving to a wider range of indicators of success in tourism, and the previous focus has been on economic criteria and competitiveness as shown by tourist numbers. This paper presents a discussion of an alternative approach, showing that tourism stakeholders from national to local levels need to redefine success as including factors such as community and environmental well-being and focus on a wider concept of success. Using existing data and organisations would enable measuring such concepts to be done without major change or greatly increased costs to agencies.

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