Japanese leadership will revive TPP

Subject The revival of the Trans-Pacific Partnership. Significance US President Donald Trump in January announced Washington's withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement (TPP), bringing its implementation to a standstill. Without US participation, the TPP looked dead, since the US economy is larger than the other eleven economies combined. Nevertheless, after months of uncertainty, the project was revived by the eleven members under the leadership of Japan. Impacts Failure or watering down of a TPP-11 would leave China a greater role in setting global standards and norms. Progress towards the TPP-11 could speed up the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership and EU-Japan economic partnership agreement. Other states will seek TPP membership in the future, with Taipei and Seoul likely candidates.

Significance Tokyo had prepared for a Hillary Clinton victory, and is alarmed by comments during Trump's election campaign that raise doubts over the US-Japan defence alliance and raise fears that economic cooperation will give way to conflict. Impacts As Abe diverts resources into stabilising US ties, other policy areas may receive less attention. Exchange rate policy could re-emerge as a point of tension in Japan-US relations. With the Trans-Pacific Partnership likely to collapse, Japan may inject fresh energy into the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. US 'abandonment' would force Japan to strengthen its independent defence capabilities, sparking a destabilising arms race with China. The idea of Japan acquiring nuclear weapons is a non-starter.


Significance Talks will be held virtually because of restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. A key focus will be finalisation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), a free trade agreement (FTA) involving the ten ASEAN members and five of the bloc’s dialogue partners. Impacts Discussion at the summits about non-traditional security issues such as climate change are unlikely to result in substantive outcomes. Countries deemed to be at low risk from COVID-19 may push for a common framework to reboot business and leisure travel. Formal launch of a COVID-19 ASEAN Response Fund, announced at June’s ASEAN summit, may spur greater regional cooperation over the pandemic.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 33-56
Author(s):  
Juan José Ramírez Bonilla ◽  

En este texto se propone una lectura particular del proyecto transregional Asia del Pacífico-América del Norte-Europa (diseñado y puesto en práctica parcialmente por los asesores comerciales de Donald Trump) y de las condiciones en que enfrenta la competencia política del Comprehensive and Progressive Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (CPTPP, encabezado por el Gobierno japonés) y del Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP, liderado por el Gobierno chino). En ese marco, el artículo destaca los alcances de cada una de esas iniciativas en materia de regulación comercial, y, recurriendo al ejemplo de Japón, muestra cómo cada gobierno está dispuesto a hacer concesiones comerciales a sus contrapartes, en función de cada socio y de cada acuerdo comercial. En el trabajo se propone que los asesores de la administración Trump marcaron un giro al abandonar la formación de capital, para adoptar el consumo de las familias y del Gobierno, como la principal ventaja comparativa de la economía estadounidense; en ese nuevo contexto, el acceso a los mercados estadounidense y/o norteamericano, bajo condiciones privilegiadas, tiene como costo aceptar y cumplir las regulaciones de los acuerdos bilaterales con Estados Unidos y/o del United States-Canada-Mexico Agreement (USMCA). El autor concluye que las contrapartes asiáticas y norteamericana del Gobierno estadounidense necesitan revisar las relaciones comerciales entre ellos para cerrar el círculo de los acuerdos bilaterales y beneficiarse de la iniciativa estadounidense.


Subject EU-Japan cooperation. Significance Three agreements between the EU and Japan took effect this year after nearly eight years of negotiations. They create the worlds’ largest free trade area and largest area of ‘safe data flows’, and establish a strategic partnership promising increased cooperation in 40 fields. Impacts Japanese automakers and European farmers will be the greatest beneficiaries of the bilateral free trade agreement. The Strategic Partnership Agreement could pave the way for joint Japan-EU security operations. The Data Movement Agreement will facilitate international trade in ‘big data’. The agreements are in part an attempt to counter China’s Belt and Road Initiative.


Subject EU-US trade. Significance US President Donald Trump’s ‘America First’ trade policy threatens the highly interconnected transatlantic economy. This presents a serious challenge to the EU and certain member states more than others, and resolving this tension is unlikely in the near future. Impacts Some US protectionist trade tendencies are likely to continue post-Trump. Trump's accusations that the euro is unfairly undervalued raises the (faint) prospect of an even more profound transatlantic dispute. The importance of the US economy to European firms enables Washington to enforce secondary sanctions.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Pralok Gupta

Given the growing importance of services in Indian economy as well as in international trade, India has offensive interests in services and these are becoming an important part of India’s effort to economically integrate with global economies including Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). This article analyses India’s economic integration with the ASEAN region in services trade and discusses how India’s services trade interests are taken into consideration by ASEAN members in their free trade agreements with India. It also discusses services-related aspects in the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership agreement, a proposed free trade agreement among ASEAN and its six FTA partners including India, from which India has decided to opt-out recently. JEL Codes: F13, F14, F15


Subject The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Significance Shortly after Donald Trump was sworn in as US president on January 20, his administration announced withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) trade agreement. This leaves the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), which unlike TPP includes China, as Asia's most ambitious planned regional trade agreement. The RCEP encompasses North-east Asia, South-east Asia, India, Australia and New Zealand. It has so far received less attention than the larger, more comprehensive TPP, but is now more likely to happen. Impacts The TPP's collapse leaves China as the leader of large-scale regional economic integration, with the RCEP as the main pillar. The RCEP will probably be more open to new members than the TPP would have been. The RCEP may enhance the regional and global role of China, potentially contributing to bilateral rivalry with the United States.


Significance Earlier in February, Tanzanian President John Magufuli met with his Ugandan counterpart, Yoweri Museveni, on the sidelines of an African Union (AU) summit to discuss reviving the EU Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) with the EAC, a contentious trade agreement dividing EAC members. Failure to agree on the trade deal is indicative of a broader trend, which has recently seen various initiatives aimed at deepening regional integration stall. Impacts Absent the EPA, Kenya will look to strike a bilateral trade deal with the EU. A collapse of the East Africa EPA increases the likelihood that the EU’s other major EPA in West Africa could succeed. Weak regional unity will complicate efforts to develop common responses to shared security threats.


Significance There has been increased Western media speculation over a possible deepening of the Iran-China relationship -- and the implications for Gulf stability -- following the leaking in July of plans for a 25-year partnership agreement, including large-scale infrastructure investment and increased cooperation in energy and security affairs. Impacts When faced with significant economic costs, Beijing will likely adhere to US sanctions rather than supporting Tehran. China will prioritise efforts to prevent Iran from developing a nuclear weapon. If Donald Trump retains the US presidency, he will increase pressure on Gulf Arab countries to choose between Washington and Beijing. Riyadh could step up diplomatic efforts to convince Beijing that Tehran’s armed proxies destabilise the region.


Significance Beijing’s announcement came shortly after it and 14 other Asia-Pacific countries signed the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), the world’s largest free trade agreement (FTA). Some US partners want Washington to join the CPTPP. Impacts As the largest economy in RCEP, China will have greater leverage in defining trade standards in the region. RCEP’s standardised rules of origin will enable its members to strengthen supply chains within the bloc. The United States remaining outside the CPTPP could diminish the pact’s appeal to the United Kingdom, which wants to become a member.


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