scholarly journals Characteristics of officer-involved vehicle collisions in California

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Wolfe ◽  
Jeff Rojek ◽  
Geoff Alpert ◽  
Hope M. Tiesman ◽  
Stephen M. James
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Damage Costs ◽  
The Law ◽  
Injury Outcomes ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the situational and individual officer characteristics of officer-involved vehicle collisions that result in fatality, injury, and non-injury outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – Data on 35,840 vehicle collisions involving law enforcement officers in California occurring between January 2000 and December 2009 are examined. A descriptive analysis of collision characteristics is presented. Findings – There were 39 officers killed by collisions over this study period and 7,684 officers who received some type injury. Incidents involving officers on motorcycles represented 39 percent of officer fatalities and 39 percent of severe injuries. In the case of fatalities, 33 percent of officers were reported as wearing seatbelts, 38 percent were not wearing a seatbelt, and seatbelt use was not stated in 29 percent of car fatalities. Research limitations/implications – The findings only represent one state and the analysis is based on an estimated 86 percent of collisions that occurred during the study period due to missing data. Nonetheless, the results are based on a robust sample and address key limitations in the existing literature. Practical implications – During the study period in California the estimated financial impact of collisions reached into the hundreds of millions of dollars when considering related fatality, injury, and vehicle damage costs combined. These impacts highlight the need for the law enforcement community to give greater attention to this issue. Originality/value – At the time of this writing there was no published independent research that compares the situational and officer characteristics across fatality, injury, and non-injury outcomes in these events. The findings reported here will help inform emerging interest in this issue within the law enforcement, academic, and policy-making communities.

scholarly journals Deceiving suspects about the content of their alibis: consequences for truthful and untruthful suspects

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Sauerland ◽  
Svenja Mehlkopf ◽  
Alana C Krix ◽  
Anna Sagana
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Interrogation Techniques ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test how modifying one’s alibi statement interacts with exposure to deceptive interrogation techniques. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 90 participants walked about a university building for 15 minutes and either stole an envelope from a staff pigeonhole (guilty condition) or put the envelope there along the way (innocent condition). Subsequently, participants were asked to provide an alibi for the past 15 minutes. Guilty and half of the innocent participants were instructed to omit that they had been in the vicinity of the pigeonholes. The rest of the innocent participants were asked to tell the truth. Several days later, participants were questioned about six statements taken from their alibis, three of which contained altered information. Findings – As expected, participants were largely blind to our alterations, with detection rates ranging from 1 to 36 percent. Contrary to cognitive load predictions, detection rates did not vary as a function of truthfulness. Rather, guilty participants were less likely to detect alterations than innocents. Research limitations/implications – Memory distrust and guilty suspects’ aim to keep a low profile might be possible explanations for these findings. Practical implications – It is recommended that law enforcement officers and other legal practitioners refrain from using deceptive interrogation techniques and such techniques that can cause inconsistencies in suspects’ reports. Researcher should make it their task to educate these professional groups about the natural occurrence of memory related, non-deceptive inconsistencies in successive statements. Originality/value – This research uses a new methodology to study the effect of deceptive interrogation techniques on both innocent and guilty suspects. The findings are relevant for legal practitioners and researchers.

Financing terrorism through hawala banking in Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Maximilian Johannes Teichmann
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Searches ◽  
Financing Of Terrorism ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate the feasibility of circumventing the Swiss financial sector’s compliance mechanisms by financing terrorism through hawala networks. Design/methodology/approach Based upon a qualitative content analysis of 15 informal interviews with providers of illegal financial services and 15 formal interviews with compliance experts and law enforcement officers, the general suitability of hawala networks for the financing of terrorism was assessed and concrete methods of doing so were better understood. In addition, it is shown how terrorists can limit their risks in using the services of hawala bankers. Findings Hawala banking in Switzerland is extraordinarily useful for the financing of terrorism. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on semi-standardized interviews limited to the perspectives of the 30 interviewees. Practical implications Law enforcement and intelligence agencies must be provided with additional tools, such as a broader scope of allowable activity for undercover police officers and the possibility of secretly conducting remote online searches of electronic devices. While this article focuses on Switzerland, its findings could be applied on a global level. Originality/value While the existing literature focuses on understanding the channels terrorists can use to finance their activities and on developing prevention mechanisms, this paper describes exactly how terrorism can be financed through hawala networks in Switzerland.

Insider trading – unsolved issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 786-792
Author(s):  
Fabian Maximilian Johannes Teichmann
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Insider Trading ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Compliance Officers ◽  
Trading Mechanisms ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to show that, despite the development of prevention mechanisms for banks, undetected insider trading remains highly feasible. It, thereby, highlights that the current anti-insider-trading mechanisms, on which previous literature has extensively focused, can be easily circumvented. Design/methodology/approach A two-step research process was employed. First, informal interviews were conducted with illegal financial services providers. Second, 50 compliance experts and law enforcement officers were formally interviewed. Responses from both sets of interviewees were subjected to quantitative content analysis to yield empirical findings. Findings Concrete and specific methods of insider trading and limiting the risks of being prosecuted were reported by interviewees. They suggested that the use of strawmen and offshore banks greatly facilitate insider trading. Research limitations/implications The perspectives of the 100 interviewees have not been quantitatively tested. Practical implications Suggestions on how to more effectively combat insider trading are provided for financial institutions and compliance officers. Originality/value Although the empirical findings are based on conditions in Europe, the results have potential global application.

Predictors of dual arrest for offenders involved in heterosexual domestic violence arrests

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Roark
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Male Victims ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dual Arrest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of extra-legal and legal predictors on dual arrest outcome for men and women arrested for domestic violence. Design/methodology/approach – This study analyzed 4,163 heterosexual domestic violence incidents over a five-year period (2002-2006). Using bivariate analyses and gender-stratified logistic regression this study: identified the variables associated with dual arrest; identified the extra-legal and legal predictors’ of dual arrest; and determined whether there were significant differences between police dispositions of women and men. Findings – Bivariate analyses indicated that women were more likely to be dually arrested than men. For women, logistic regression analyses indicated who contacted the police increased their likelihood of dual arrest. For men, logistic regression analysis indicated being a victim in a prior domestic violence, who used alcohol and/or drugs, who contacted the police, and seriousness of incident impacted their likelihood of being dually arrested. Practical implications – Results demonstrate that law enforcement officers may not be recognizing male victims of domestic violence as legitimate victims. Originality/value – This research is situated within the larger body of literature around women and men arrested for domestic violence and contributes to the limited literature regarding the effect of men’s prior domestic violence victimization on dual arrest outcome.

Money laundering through raw diamonds

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Maximilian Johannes Teichmann ◽  
Marie-Christin Falker
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Money Laundering ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compliance Officers ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Combat Money Laundering

Purpose This paper aims to illustrate how illegally obtained funds are laundered through raw diamonds in Austria, Germany, Liechtenstein and Switzerland. Design/methodology/approach To identify specific money laundering techniques involving raw diamonds, this study used a qualitative content analysis of data collected from 60 semi-standardized interviews with both criminals and prevention experts and a quantitative survey of 200 compliance officers. Findings Raw diamonds are extraordinarily suitable for money laundering in European German-speaking countries. In particular, they may be used in all three stages of the laundering process, namely, placement, layering and integration. Research limitations/implications Because the qualitative findings are based on semi-standardized interviews, their insights are limited to the perspectives of the 60 interviewees. Practical implications Identifying gaps in existing anti-money laundering mechanisms should provide compliance officers, law enforcement agencies and legislators with valuable insights into how criminals operate. Originality/value While prior studies focus on the methods used by organizations to combat money laundering and how to improve anti-money laundering measures, this paper investigates how money launderers operate to avoid detection, thereby illustrating authentic experiences. Its findings provide valuable insights into the minds of money launderers and combines criminal perspective with that of prevention experts.

FATCA violation underlies latest US tax and securities fraud charges

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
Miriam Fisher ◽  
Brian McManus
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Financial Fraud ◽  
Securities Fraud ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – To explain the details and implications of a September 9, 2014 federal indictment, US v. Robert Bandfield, the first time a Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) violation has been charged as an “overt act” in furtherance of a tax conspiracy and securities fraud. Design/methodology/approach – Provides background, including the enactment of FATCA and the details of the indictment; describes an undercover investigation conducted by President Obama’s Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force; and discusses the warnings this indictment sends to the global financial community. Findings – The indictment confirms the coordinated and aggressive tactics US law enforcement is now employing to investigate and prosecute offshore financial fraud. Practical implications – Banks and financial service providers need to be aware of the impact of enhanced US regulatory obligations and implement appropriate compliance measures. These institutions must also remain sensitive to risks presented by unscrupulous customers. Finally, they must be ready to manage appropriately information-gathering and investigatory inquiries originating with US authorities. Originality/value – Practical guidance from experienced tax controversy lawyers.

Mental capacity and deprivation of liberty: the Law Commission’s consultation paper

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 331-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Spencer-Lane
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Opportunity To Respond ◽  
Future Paper ◽  
The Law ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Consultation Paper ◽  
Law Commission

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the readership to the consultation being held by the Law Commission concerning proposed revisions to the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS). Design/methodology/approach – Discussion of the consultation being held by the Law Commission concerning proposed revisions to the DoLS. Findings – These are as yet unknown as the consultation period is ongoing – it is planned that a future paper will examine the findings and recommendations from the consultation process. Practical implications – There has been criticism of the DoLS since their introduction in 2009. A new scheme provides the opportunity to respond to some of the criticisms and to develop more appropriate processes. The paper invites readers to take part in the consultation process and to respond to the proposals that have been developed. Social implications – A new and more appropriate scheme would be beneficial for service users and families/caregivers. Originality/value – This is the first opportunity for a revision to the DoLS scheme and introduction of the proposed scheme and the consultation process to the readership is highly appropriate and valuable to the Journal.

scholarly journals Introduction: cultivation, medication, activism and cannabis policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Bone ◽  
Gary Potter ◽  
Axel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Home Production ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Law ◽  
Cannabis Policy ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to introduce the special issue on Illicit Cannabis Cultivation in a Time of Policy Change. Design/methodology/approach The paper reviews some of the different adaptations made by cannabis growers in countries where cannabis has not been legalised. Findings Cannabis growers are adjusting to different legal settings by focusing on home production. Participation in cultivation is a crime, but can also be activism: an effort to change the law. Medical use of cannabis is a particularly important driver here. Having to break the law to alleviate symptoms and treat illnesses provides both a greater sense of urgency and a level of sympathy not usually granted to illicit drug users. Practical implications Grass-roots advocacy may drive policy change. Originality/value This is an original assessment of current state of knowledge on cannabis cultivation in countries where cannabis cultivation remains restricted.

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