The types of overlap as conversational strategies in ‘dispute’, the Iranian live TV program

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyli Jorfi ◽  
Hamid Reza Dowlatabadi
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Word Choice ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Saving Face ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper is concerned with the use of overlap as a conversational strategy. Specifically, the aim of the researcher is to investigate overlap types and the locations at which they occur in 'dispute', an Iranian live TV program. Design/methodology/approach The two hour Iranian live TV program “dispute” was video-taped. 10 minutes of this program was chosen randomly. The distinctive feature of this program was that it occurred naturally and was broadcasted on November 28, 2014. The minutes/seconds in which the technique, overlap, occurred were noted for detailed analysis. Finally, the selected excerpts were transcribed based on Jefferson’s (1983) transcription conventions. These transcriptions which include showing the overlaps, pauses, immediate turn taking, etc are shown in both Farsi and English versions of the data based on Jefferson. The transcribed data, was analyzed for determining instances of overlaps and their function. Findings the analysis found four functions for overlap as floor-taking, objection, confirming, and continuing. The last two functions, confirming and continuing, are somewhat similar. This similarity may be due to their similar roles in saving face (i.e. both of them are FSAs). What the present analysis shows, is that ‘continuing’ function has some degrees of ‘confirming’ firstly. Another understanding is drawn from the confirmatory function of overlap and its close relation with backchannel functions. Backchannels are functions in which listeners send signals of agreement (also confirming) and enthusiasm in what is being said by the speaker. Research limitations/implications One difficulty was the transcription of overlapped utterances, because in some cases, more than two persons talked simultaneously and it needed to be listened so many times with concentrated and focused attention. Practical implications The implications concern three areas of research: communicating with other cultures, media studies, and journalistic English. Most overlaps were as a result of impatience, haste, and the need to be approved of. This kind of behavior may be rooted in cultural matters of Iranians. There are implications, thus, for raising cultural differences matters conducting comparative studies. Issues like word choice, participants’ way of looking and gazes to each other, their pauses, tone, intonation, hedges, etc. may be of interest to delicate journalistic studies. Originality/value There are many studies in the field of discourse and conversation analysis which focus specifically on overlaps, but not any one of them focused on a 'dispute', as their data. This study with its focus on a specific type of discourse, that is dispute, is an original one which, to the knowledge of the researcher, has not been carried out in any other study. The results of this study which is the identification of four types of overlaps were also original and not have been encountered elsewhere by the researcher.

Entrepreneurship education programs in Malaysian polytechnics

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norasmah Othman ◽  
Norfadhilah Nasrudin
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Actual Content ◽  
High Level ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to evaluate students’ views on the on-the-campus entrepreneurship programs in Malaysian polytechnics. Participation in the entrepreneurship programs is able to stimulate an interest in entrepreneurship, and improve the knowledge, skills, and entrepreneurial experience of its students. Design/methodology/approach This study adopted a survey method designed in the form of an objective-oriented program evaluation. Questionnaires were used to identify the students’ level of assessments of the instructional dimensions. This study explored the differences in evaluation based on gender, specializations, and courses attended. Findings The results showed moderately high level of evaluation. The analysis of gender differences shows that gender did not affect students’ views on the instructional dimension. However, students’ specialization and courses attended are associated with significant differences in the level of evaluation Research limitations/implications This research is limited to only five Malaysian polytechnics. The study was looking into the instructional dimension of the entrepreneurship programs. Further research should include the assessment of the institutional side of the programs. . Practical implications The evaluation results provide important recommendations to improve some practical aspects of the entrepreneurial activities. The polytechnics’ departments can focus on the actual content as well as on the learning experience to implement conducive, positive, and supportive practices that could lead to a maximum participation rate among students. Originality/value There have been no discussions or evaluation of the entrepreneurship programs conducted in Malaysian polytechnics in terms of objective-oriented evaluation. This paper attempts to fill the current gap.

Civil servants as superior presidential spokespeople

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kara Alaimo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Political Appointees ◽  
Type Design ◽  
The Press ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study investigated whether political appointees or civil servants are more effective spokespeople for the President of the United States. Design/methodology/approach A series of rare, detailed, confidential interviews were conducted with civil servants and political appointees who worked in public affairs for the U.S. Department of the Treasury under Presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush, as well as with reporters who interacted with the officials frequently. Findings The findings suggest that civil servants more effectively advance the President’s positions in the press than political appointees. Reporters place significantly less trust in information they receive from political appointees because they assume that appointees are politically motivated – a phenomenon this study calls the “appointee discount.” Appointees also have significantly less knowledge of the policies they are responsible for communicating. Civil servants are therefore positioned to more effectively shape media coverage on behalf of the President. Research limitations/implications The findings suggest that the increased use of political appointees by modern Presidents may have been misguided. Further research should be conducted in other government agencies to confirm the findings. Practical implications The findings suggest that it would be in the interests of the President of the United States to use civil servants rather than political appointees as spokespeople for non-political policies. Originality/value This is the first study to investigate whether political appointees or civil servants better advance the interests of the President of the United States in the press.

The role of intermediaries in food export: case evidence from Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulla E.E. Lehtinen ◽  
Petri Ahokangas ◽  
Jinghui Lu
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Chinese Markets ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper examines the role of export intermediaries in the internationalization of small and medium sized companies in Finland. The empirical study focuses on small Finnish food companies that export to German and Chinese markets. Design/methodology/approach The research method of this study is qualitative. Data is collected through semi-structured interviews with six respondents presenting exporting companies and export consultants. Findings The paper provides an empirical contribution to the food internationalization debate. First, the paper discusses the definitions of export intermediaries and their role in export based on the literature. Second, by examining how Finnish food companies experience the role of export intermediaries, the paper contributes to the current discussion on internationalization modes. The empirical results highlight that export companies need transaction-creating services from intermediaries especially when entering physically and culturally distant markets like China. Research limitations/implications Limitations of the research generally relate to the use of a small case sample. Practical implications The paper holds a number of relevant insights for food companies seeking to enter to German and Chinese markets. Identifying the export services needed by small food companies might help export intermediaries and public policy agencies to better focus their supporting initiatives. Originality/value The findings add to the current body of knowledge on the key influence on internationalization modes within the food sector.

Are competitive reactions changing over time?

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimi Park ◽  
Shijin Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Competitive Dynamics ◽  
Competitive Reaction ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Competitive Reactions ◽  
Time Series Approach ◽  
Rolling Windows ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Over Time

Purpose This study attempts to answer why the predominant competitive reaction is non-reactive one in the previous literature by showing that some fluctuations of competitive reactions (CR) may average out to zero. Design/methodology/approach This research proposes a model for measuring competitive reaction volatility to examine whether a firm’s CR differs over time. A rolling-windows time series approach is applied to three different datasets. Findings The results show that firms indeed react to each other, but the types of reactions vary over time, thereby creating a misunderstood “no-reaction” in the literature. Practical implications This study may help understand the gap between academic findings (i.e., no-reaction) and managerial reality (i.e., marketing wars). Originality/value Although a firm’s CR should be understood as a series of managerial actions that may change over time, the extant literature has not considered this temporal variation of CR. This paper provides a systematic review of the empirically based literature and provides insights into the importance of strategic variation in competitive dynamics.

Market and innovation orientation typology: Proposition and illustrations

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agneta Sundström ◽  
Zahra Ahmadi ◽  
Akmal Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Private Housing ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a typology based on the market orientation (MO) and innovation orientation (IO) of firms, and to illustrate the extent to which public housing companies (PHCs) fit into this framework. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative study of 11 PHCs in central Sweden was conducted to classify their positions in the typology. Interviews with semi-structured and open-ended questions were used to collect the data. Findings Four PHC types were identified by combining high and low MO and IO. This study offers insights on the importance of combining MO and IO. The overall findings show that MO and IO combination is not static and must be handled according to context. The MO-IO typology developed could be tested in a quantitative study on a larger sample of public or combined public and private housing companies. Research limitations/implications An empirical study comparing public and private housing companies on the basis of the proposed typology in relation to economic contingencies in the environment would further knowledge in this area. Practical implications The current study gives managers an indication of their position in the typology, which can be used as a tool for improving performance. Originality/value This paper describes PHCs within a proposed typological framework.

scholarly journals Board diversity and R & D investment

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanelle Midavaine ◽  
Wilfred Dolfsma ◽  
Rick Aalbers
Keyword(s):  
Board Of Directors ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Board Diversity ◽  
Type Design ◽  
The Board Of Directors ◽  
And Gender ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of board diversity on the extent to which firms invest in R&D. Design/methodology/approach Based on data collected about the composition of the board of directors, we determine statistically if the characteristics of directors predicts the extent to which firms invest more in R&D. Findings We find, unexpectedly, that tenure diversity lead firms to invest less in R&D, while education diversity and gender diversity makes firms invest more. Gender diversity positively moderates education diversity as well, strengthening the effect found. Research limitations/implications The sample of firms we include in our paper is restricted due to the overwhelming difficulty in collecting data about the composition of boards of directors, and their backgrounds. Practical implications The paper offers insights into how boards of directors might need to be composed in order to try have firms invest more in R&D. Originality/value We include a much larger set of diversity measures than any previously published study, and provide counter-intuitive findings that have implications for practice, society, as well as theory about team composition.

Consumer value creation through WhatsApp use

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-471
Author(s):  
Jorge Cruz-Cárdenas ◽  
Jorge Guadalupe-Lanas ◽  
Ekaterina Zabelina ◽  
Andrés Palacio-Fierro ◽  
Margarita Velín-Fárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Instant Messaging ◽  
Role Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand in-depth how consumers create value in their lives using WhatsApp, the leading mobile instant messaging (MIM) application. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts the perspective of customer-dominant logic (CDL) and uses a qualitative multimethod design involving 3 focus groups and 25 subsequent in-depth interviews. The research setting was Ecuador, a Latin American country. Findings Analysis and interpretation of the participants’ stories made it possible to identify and understand the creation of four types of value: maintaining and strengthening relationships; improving role performance; emotional support; and entertainment and fun. In addition, the present study proposes a conceptual model of consumer value creation as it applies to MIM. Practical implications Understanding the way consumers create value in their lives using MIM is important not only for organizations that offer MIM applications, but also for those companies that develop other applications for mobile phones or for those who wish to use MIM as an electronic word-of-mouth vehicle. Originality/value The current study is one of the first to address the topic of consumer behavior in the use of technologies from the perspective of CDL; this perspective enables an integrated qualitative vision of value creation in which the consumer is the protagonist.

scholarly journals Advantages and potential challenges of data management in e-maintenance

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 378-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arian Razmi-Farooji ◽  
Hanna Kropsu-Vehkaperä ◽  
Janne Härkönen ◽  
Harri Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Data Management ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Industry Leader ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to understand data management challenges in e-maintenance systems from a holistically viewpoint through summarizing the earlier scattered research in the field, and second, to present a conceptual approach for addressing these challenges in practice. Design/methodology/approach The study is realized as a combination of a literature review and by the means of analyzing the practices on an industry leader in manufacturing and maintenance services. Findings This research provides a general understanding over data management challenges in e-maintenance and summarizes their associated proposed solutions. In addition, this paper lists and exemplifies different types and sources of data which can be collected in e-maintenance, across different organizational levels. Analyzing the data management practices of an e-maintenance industry leader provides a conceptual approach to address identified challenges in practice. Research limitations/implications Since this paper is based on studying the practices of a single company, it might be limited to generalize the results. Future research topics can focus on each of mentioned data management challenges and also validate the applicability of presented model in other companies and industries. Practical implications Understanding the e-maintenance-related challenges helps maintenance managers and other involved stakeholders in e-maintenance systems to better solve the challenges. Originality/value The so-far literature on e-maintenance has been studied with narrow focus to data and data management in e-maintenance appears as one of the less studied topics in the literature. This research paper contributes to e-maintenance by highlighting the deficiencies of the discussion surrounding the perspectives of data management in e-maintenance by studying all common data management challenges and listing different types of data which need to be acquired in e-maintenance systems.

An exploratory empirical study of whistleblowing and whistleblowers

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-770
Author(s):  
Maria Krambia-Kapardis
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Due Date ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unethical Behaviour ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Directive ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this study is to develop a profile of whistleblowers and to determine whether whistleblowing legislation would encourage those individuals to bring to light some illegal or unethical behaviour that otherwise would remain in the shadows. Design/methodology/approach Having identified whistleblowing correlation, a survey was carried out in Cyprus of actual whistleblowers and could-have-been whistleblowers. Findings Males between 46 and55 years of age, regardless of whether they have dependents or hold senior positions in organizations are significantly more likely to blow the whistle. However, could-have-been whistleblowers did not go ahead because they felt that the authorities would not act on their information. Research limitations/implications Because of the sensitive nature of the research topic and the fact that only whistleblowers or intended whistleblowers could participate in the study, the sample size is limited as a result. This, in turn, limits both the number of respondents in each category (actual and intended) as well as constrains the statistical analysis that could be carried out on the data. Practical implications It remains to be seen whether EU Member States shall implement the European Directive 2019/1937 on the protection of persons who report breaches of Union Law, in its entirety by the due date, namely December 2021. Originality/value This study provides a literature review of whistleblowing and reports an original survey against the backdrop of the European Directive.

How Phillips saw the light

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Business World ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Freak Show ◽  
The World ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose Reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The problem with developing a reputation of being something of an oracle in the business world is that all of a sudden, everyone expects you to pull off the trick of interpreting the future on a daily basis. Like a freak show circus act or one-hit wonder pop singer, people expect you to perform when they see you, and they expect you to perform the thing that made you famous, even if it is the one thing in the world you don’t want to do. And when you fail to deliver on these heightened expectations, you are dismissed as a one trick pony, however good that trick is in the first place. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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