Stock loan lotteries and individual investor welfare

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Moore
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Household Savings ◽  
Individual Investor ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Financial Wealth ◽  
Stock Loan

PurposeThis paper proposes and models stock loan lotteries, a financial innovation that improves individual investor welfare. Stock loan lotteries are prize-linked payoffs using securities lending fees.Design/methodology/approachThis paper solves an existing theoretical model for an investor's utility-maximizing choices with and without stock loan lotteries and compares outcomes.FindingsStock loan lotteries motivate prospect theory investors to buy and hold risky assets with high expected returns. Stock loan lotteries improve welfare more for poor investors and improve welfare more in a model with market frictions such as trading costs.Social implicationsStock loan lotteries increase household savings, leading to greater financial wealth and security in retirement.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a new financial product that improves financial outcomes for individual investors.

Boosting the financial performance of B2B SMEs

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 32-34
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Brand Orientation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
External Communication ◽  
Brand Credibility ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings SMEs operating in the B2B context are able to boost financial outcomes by adopting a branding approach. Strong brand orientation and an emphasis on internal and external communication increases awareness and the brand credibility that can ultimately enhance business and financial performance. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Investigating association between factors fostering attention to a stock and rationales to buy it: an empirical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripsy Bondia ◽  
Pratap C. Biswal ◽  
Abinash Panda
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Categorical Data ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Multiple Response ◽  
Individual Investor ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
First Order

PurposeCan something that drives our initial attention toward a stock have any implications on final decision to buy it? This paper empirically and statistically tests association, if any, between factors fostering attention toward a stock and rationales to buy it.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses survey responses of individual investors involving multiple response categorical data. Association between attention fostering factors and rationales is tested using a modified first-order corrected Rao-Scott chi-square test statistic (to adjust for within-participant dependence among responses in case of multiple response categorical variables). Further, odds ratios and mosaic plots are used to determine the effect size of association.FindingsStrong association is seen between attention fostering factors and rationales to buy a stock. Further, strongest associations are seen in cases where origin is the same underlying influencing factor. Some of the most cited attention fostering factors and rationales in this research stem from familiarity bias and expert bias.Practical implicationsWhat starts as a trivial attention fostering factor, which may not even be recognized by majority investors, can go on to become one of the rationales for buying a stock. This can result in substantial financial implications for an individual investor. Investor education agencies and regulatory authorities can make investors cognizant of such association, which can help investors to improve and adjust their decision making accordingly.Originality/valueThe extant literature discusses factors/biases influencing buying decisions of individual investors. This research takes a step ahead by distinguishing these factors in terms of whether they play role of (1) fostering attention toward a stock or (2) of reasons for ultimately buying it. Such dissection of factors/biases, to the best of authors' knowledge, has not been done previously in any empirical and statistical analysis. The paper uses multiple response categorical data and applies a modified first-order corrected Rao-Scott chi-square statistic to test association. Application of the above-mentioned test statistic has not been done previously in context of individual investor decision-making.

SEC reporting obligations for insiders and large traders under Section 13 and Section 16 of the Exchange Act

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Zwickel ◽  
Keith D. Pisani ◽  
Alicia M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Disclosure Requirements ◽  
Beneficial Ownership ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
Investment Advisers ◽  
Trading Restrictions ◽  
A Current

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide investment advisers, broker dealers, individual investors and other securities firms with a current and detailed summary of the reporting regime under Sections 13 and 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) and guidance on how to comply with the disclosure requirements of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on Schedule 13D, Schedule 13G, Form 13F, Form 13H and Forms 3, 4 and 5. Design/methodology/approach The approach of this paper discusses the transactions or beneficial ownership interests in securities that trigger a reporting requirement under Section 13 and/or Section 16 of the Exchange Act, identifies the person or persons that have the obligation to file reports with the SEC, details the information required to be disclosed in the publicly available reports, and explains certain trading restrictions imposed on reporting persons as well as the potential adverse consequences of filing late or failing to make the requisite disclosures to the SEC. Findings The SEC continues to provide updated guidance on the disclosure requirements under Sections 13 and 16 of the Exchange Act, which individual investors and securities firms – largely insiders – must take into account when filing any new or amended reports on Schedule 13D, Schedule 13G, Form 13F, Form 13H and Forms 3, 4 and 5. Originality/value This article provides expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities lawyers.

Individual investors’ sophistication and expectations of risk and return

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Stålnacke
Keyword(s):  
Lower Risk ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linear Regressions ◽  
Survey Measure

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between individual investors’ level of sophistication and their expectations of risk and return in the stock market. Design/methodology/approach The author combines survey and registry data on individual investors in Sweden to obtain 11 sophistication proxies that previous research has related to individuals’ financial decisions. These proxies are related to a survey measure regarding individual investors’ expectations of risk and return in an index fund using linear regressions. Findings The findings in this paper indicate that sophisticated investors have lower risk and higher return expectations that are closer to objective measures than those of less-sophisticated investors. Originality/value These results are important, since they enhance the understanding of the underlying mechanisms through which sophistication can influence financial decisions.

Categorizing sentiment and its impact on REIT returns

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 958-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Huerta ◽  
Dave O. Jackson ◽  
Thanh Ngo
Keyword(s):  
Investor Sentiment ◽  
Institutional Investor ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Individual Investor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Portfolio Rebalancing ◽  
Multiple Sample ◽  
Security Pricing ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to reexamine the impact of investor sentiment on real estate investment trust (REIT) returns using direct, survey-based measures of sentiment to categorize sentiment from institutional and individual investors. Design/methodology/approach – The authors provide a framework in which sentiment is classified into individual and institutional investor sentiment under the assumption that investors, depending on sophistication, react differently to the same set of information and will influence REIT prices differently. The authors employ a methodology that uses panel regression analyses and divides the sample of REITs into size and performance portfolios. Findings – The regression results suggest that institutional investor sentiment is positively and significantly related to REIT returns contemporaneously for multiple sample specifications. These results are consistent with high levels of institutional ownership in REITs. Results also suggest that individual investor sentiment only influences small capitalization and low-α portfolios. Originality/value – The findings provide more evidence on the influence of investor sentiment on security pricing even for highly regulated sectors such as the REIT industry. Investors may use changes in sentiment as signals for portfolio rebalancing and capital allocations.

Risk models vs characteristic models from an investor’s perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Christian Fieberg ◽  
Armin Varmaz ◽  
Thorsten Poddig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Versus Characteristic ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Factor Models ◽  
Expected Returns ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Factor Models ◽  
Mean Variance ◽  
Academic Debate

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implications of the risk versus characteristic debate from the perspective of a mean-variance investor. Design/methodology/approach Expected returns and the variance-covariance matrix are estimated based on various characteristic and risk models and evaluated for the purpose of mean-variance portfolios. Findings Return estimates from characteristic models are most informative to investors. Risk-factor models provide the most informative estimates of the risk. A mean-variance investor should rely on combinations of the two model types. Originality/value Although the risk vs characteristic debate is a binary academic debate, our findings from an investor's perspective suggest to make use of the best of both worlds.

Are smart beta funds really smart? Evidence from rational and quasi-rational investor sentiment data

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-118
Author(s):  
Rahul Verma ◽  
Gökçe Soydemir ◽  
Tzu-Man Huang
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Institutional Investor ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Leading Indicators ◽  
Individual Investor ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Fundamentals ◽  
Investor Sentiments ◽  
Smart Beta

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relative effects of rational and quasi-rational sentiments of individual and institutional investors on a set of smart beta fund returns. The magnitudes of the impacts of institutional investor sentiments are greater than those of individual investor sentiments. In addition, both rational and quasi-rational sentiments of individual and institutional investors have significant impacts on smart beta fund returns. The magnitudes of the impacts of quasi-rational sentiments are greater than those of the rational sentiments for both types of investors (quasi-rational sentiments of institutional investors have the maximum impact). These results are consistent with the arguments that professional investors consider the sentiments of individual investors as contrarian leading indicators which are mainly driven by noise while conform the sentiments of institutional investors which are driven by more rational factors. A majority of smart beta funds in the sample outperform the S&P500 returns in the short term but fail to consistently beat the market. The authors find evidence that smart beta funds with consistently high returns are relatively less (more) driven by individual (institutional) investor sentiments. Overall, the authors argue that smart beta funds appear to follow quasi-rational sentiments of both individual and institutional investors that are not rooted in economic fundamentals. Design/methodology/approach The results of the impulse functions generated from a multivariate model suggest that the smart beta fund returns are negatively (positively) impacted by individual (institutional) investor sentiments. Findings The magnitudes of the impacts of institutional investor sentiments are greater than those of individual investor sentiments. In addition, both rational and quasi-rational sentiments of individual and institutional investors have significant impacts on smart beta fund returns. The magnitudes of the impacts of quasi-rational sentiments are greater than those of the rational sentiments for both types of investors (quasi-rational sentiments of institutional investors have the maximum impact). Originality/value These results are consistent with the arguments that professional investors consider the sentiments of individual investors as contrarian leading indicators which are mainly driven by noise while conform the sentiments of institutional investors which are driven by more rational factors. A majority of smart beta funds in the sample outperform the S&P500 returns in the short term but fail to consistently beat the market. The authors find evidence that smart beta funds with consistently high returns are relatively less (more) driven by individual (institutional) investor sentiments. Overall, the authors argue that smart beta funds appear to follow quasi-rational sentiments of both individual and institutional investors that are not rooted in economic fundamentals.

Come together: trust, sociability and individual investors' stock-portfolio returns

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Stålnacke
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Portfolio Decisions ◽  
Portfolio Holdings ◽  
Portfolio Returns ◽  
Stock Portfolios ◽  
Stock Portfolio

PurposePrevious studies have found that trusting and sociable individuals are more likely to participate in the stock market and hold risky assets. The purpose of this paper is to explore if trust and sociability also are related to individual investors' stock-portfolio returns.Design/methodology/approachThe authors study the questions in the paper by linking survey measures of trust and sociability to investors' actual stock portfolios.FindingsThe authors find that trusting investors acquire higher raw and risk-adjusted stock-portfolio returns, but that the returns do not differ depending on how sociable investors are. These results suggest that trust is important for investors' stock-portfolio decisions, and that trusting investors tend to perform better in the stock market than less-trusting investors.Originality/valueThis is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first paper that relates survey measures of trust and sociability to investors' actual stock-portfolio holdings. This is important to increase the understanding for how trust and sociability are related to the financial decisions individuals makes.

Moderation effect on Islamic banking preferences in UAE

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Hersi Warsame ◽  
Edward Mugambi Ireri
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Bank Managers ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Conventional Banks ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the direct and indirect moderation effects of demographic and socio-economic(s) factors on the adoption of Islamic banking in UAE. Design/methodology/approach Convenience sampling was done on the residents of Sharjah, Dubai, and Abu Dhabi. A closed-ended questionnaire with 30 items was designed and pre-tested before the start of the study. Path analysis and moderation testing were the main analytical approach. A total of 320 respondents completed the survey. Findings The research revealed that demographic and socio-economic(s) moderators may have direct and indirect moderation effects on the adoption of the Islamic banking in the UAE, which indicates the importance of these factors in the provision of Islamic banking products and services in the UAE. Practical implications This study further revealed that these moderators have huge practical implications for Islamic bank managers and marketers as they can exploit these demographics to enhance their market share in the UAE. Social implications In UAE, minimal attention has been directed toward the role moderators would play in the criterion that individual investors would use in the adoption of Islamic banking products and services in a cosmopolitan environment that is experiencing competition from conventional banks. Originality/value An extensive review of the existing literature on the adoption of Islamic banking reveals that no empirical research has been undertaken to explore the role played by demographic and socio-economic(s) moderators in the adoption of Islamic banking in UAE and internationally. This study attempts to fill this gap.

An organizational economics approach on the pursuit of socioemotional and financial wealth in family firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Ricardo Kabbach de Castro ◽  
Rafel Crespi-Cladera ◽  
Ruth V. Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Organizational Economics ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Wealth ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Organizational Theories ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of the paper by Martin and Gomez-Mejia and propose complementary approaches and ways to test their hypotheses. Design/methodology/approach This study compares different theoretical approaches that complement socioemotional wealth to explain manager’s decisions and firm performance. Findings The authors of this study argue that progress could be achieved by combining Martin and Gomez-Mejia’s propositions with elements of existing organizational theories that are grounded on economics such as the resource-based view, transactional cost and property rights. Originality/value This study provides a new perspective of the work of Martin and Gomez-Mejia published in this issue.

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