Poly (vinylcaprolactam)-based Microgels to Improve Gloss Properties of Different Natural Fibres

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Hassabo ◽  
S. Schachschal ◽  
C. Cheng ◽  
A. Pich ◽  
C. Popescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Three different thermo-sensitive microgels obtained by the copolymerisation of vinylcaprolactam) (VCL) and various monomers (vinylimidazole(VIm), acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate (AAEM) and itaconic acid(IA)) are used to coat different fibre surfaces. Two different pHs and two different temperatures, 25°C and 50°C respectively are chosen for the deposition of the microgels. The scanning electron microscopy of the treated fibre shows good distribution of the particles onto the fibres especially at increasing temperatures. The gloss index for the treated fibres has been measured, and showed that it may be controlled for all of the fibres with the treatment parameters (pH and temperature) and the microgel structure.

Morphology of Sintered Cr-Mo Porous Materials

2015 ◽  
Vol 825-826 ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
Moritz Boehm ◽  
Thomas Schmoelzer ◽  
Reinhard Simon ◽  
Christian Gierl-Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Region ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Liquidus Boundary ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Chromium and molybdenum exhibit continuous solubility in the solid phase region at temperatures of 908°C and above [1]. At lower temperatures, the system exhibits a miscibility gap. Furthermore a congruent minimum in the liquidus boundary exists at 1854°C. Chromium and molybdenum powders with different particle morphologies were mixed and porous green parts were produced by pressing. Sintering experiments were performed at different temperatures and for different chromium to molybdenum ratios. To investigate the evolution of the microstructure, sintering was interrupted at different temperatures and points in time. The microstructure and morphology of the sintered parts was investigated by scanning electron microscopy as well as light optical microscopy. It was found that during sintering, a Cr-Mo solid solution is formed. Depending on the molybdenum content, this induces either shrinking or swelling of the porous parts. Samples exhibited a linear expansion of up to 10% and final porosities of up to 65%.

Study of the Influence of Temperature on the Optical and Structural Properties of Dolomite

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1280-1286
Author(s):  
Lucas Train Loureço ◽  
Celso de Araujo Duarte ◽  
Dietmar William Foryta ◽  
Bruno Guimarães Titon ◽  
Eleonora Maria Gouvêa Vasconcellos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Scanning Electron

The present work reports the results of structural and optical investigations in samples of natural dolomite, subjected to thermal treatment at different temperatures (500 ℃ to 700 ℃) and times (one up to three hours). The motivation is the evaluation of the changes that may occur in carbonaceous asteroids and meteorites, respectively, subjected to the action of the solar radiation and heated during the fall in the atmosphere. We carried out scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, optical reflectance and photoluminescence measurements

Microwave Synthesis of BaTiO3 from BaCO3 and TiO2

2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 669-671
Author(s):  
Yan Yi Liu ◽  
Wei Pan
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Batio3 Powder ◽  
Domestic Microwave Oven ◽  
Intermediate Phases ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

BaTiO3 powder was synthesized from BaCO3 and TiO2 using a domestic microwave oven. The samples were synthesized under different temperatures with various holding times. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the phase compositions and morphologies of the result samples. The main phase obtained at 950°C was BaTiO3, and the intermediate phases Ba2TiO4 and Ba4TiO9 were also detected. The pure, well-crystallized BaTiO3 powder could be obtained at 1050°C within 10 minutes and the particle size ranged from 300~500nm. In comparison with conventional synthesis, faster speed and finer grains could be achieved through microwave heating.

An Experimental Approach for Studying Chalcopyrite Leaching and Passivation in Column Bioleaching

2009 ◽  
Vol 71-73 ◽  
pp. 381-384
Author(s):  
Tuomas van der Meer ◽  
Jussi Liipo ◽  
Jaakko Leppinen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Heap Bioleaching ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Continuous Potential ◽  
Scanning Electron

The effect of different microbial consortia on the leaching of chalcopyrite was studied at different temperatures and solution compositions with Boliden’s Aitik ore in column reactors simulating heap bioleaching. The columns were equipped with sampling chambers and chalcopyrite mineral electrodes in order to investigate the passivation of chalcopyrite. The sampling chambers were filled with agglomerated ore and pieces of chalcopyrite-rich ore. In addition to chemical analysis of the leaching solution and solids the progress of leaching of chalcopyrite was studied by continuous potential measurements with chalcopyrite electrodes. The occurrence and composition of potentially passivating layers on the surfaces of the electrodes and the samples taken from sample chambers were examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy.

Study of Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Barium Cerate at High Temperatures

2017 ◽  
Vol 891 ◽  
pp. 473-477
Author(s):  
Renáta Verbová ◽  
Viktor Kavečanský ◽  
Pavel Diko ◽  
Samuel Piovarči
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Barium Cerate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Oxalate Precursor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Scanning Electron

Crystalline barium cerate was synthesized by oxalate coprecipitation from nitrates of barium and cerium [1]. The oxalate precursor prepared by chemical methods was calcined at different temperatures up to 950°C. The barium cerate was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction investigation enables the determination of the phases that originate at different stages of synthesis and the crystal structure of final barium cerate, as well. From XRD patterns the average size of coherent regions was estimated by using Halder-Wagner method [2]. Both size and shape of crystallites were also studied by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that crystallites of barium cerate arise within the initial particles of the oxalate precursor.

Attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to Skins of Chicken Scalded at Various Temperatures

1993 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEONG-WEON KIM ◽  
MIKE F. SLAVIK ◽  
CARL L. GRIFFIS ◽  
JOEL T. WALKER
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Skin Morphology ◽  
Scanning Electron

Microtopography of chicken skin was studied by varying scalding temperature to determine the least favorable skin surface for salmonellae attachment. Birds were scalded at 52, 56, and 60°C, and the changes of skin morphology were examined by light and transmission electron microscopy throughout the whole processing. Breast skins obtained immediately after picking were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium, and the attachment was quantified by using scanning electron microscopy and microbiological plating techniques. Skins scalded at 52 and 56°C retained most of the epidermis, although the latter temperature caused the loss of twice as much stratum corneum layers and produced a smoother surface than the former. Skins at 60°C began to lose most of epidermal layers during scalding and exposed dermal surface after picking, which was sometimes covered with thin fragmental epidermis or basal tissue. The number of salmonellae attached to 60°C-processed skins was 1.1~1.3 logs higher than those attached to the skins processed at 52 and 56°C, as measured by scanning electron microscopy. Microbiological plating, however, showed no significant difference in attachment among three skins processed at different temperatures. This was probably due to the insensitivity of the plating method to differentiate attachment strengths of salmonellae to the skin. The above results suggest that removal of whole epidermis should be avoided in processing to reduce salmonellae attachment to the skin.

Effect of Ar Annealing Temperature on SiO2/SiC: Carbon-Related Clusters Reduction Causing Interfacial Quality Improvement

2014 ◽  
Vol 997 ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qin Zhong ◽  
Lu Da Zheng ◽  
Guo Jun Zhang ◽  
Shu Ya Wang ◽  
Li Ping Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Voltage Measurement ◽  
Capacitance Voltage ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The authors investigated the effects of annealing in Ar atmosphere at different temperatures (350 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C) on the thermally oxidized SiO2/4H-SiC interface. A strong correlation between C-related clusters reduction and SiO2/SiC interfacial improvement was observed. The C-related clusters, which were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometry, can be significantly reduced after annealing at moderate temperature (600 °C). This sample annealed at 600 °C exhibited the best interfacial quality of SiO2/SiC from capacitance–voltage measurement. Based on the studies, improvements in the quality of the SiO2/SiC interface after annealing at 600 °C may be explained by the reduction of C-related clusters during annealing.

Research of Rough Structure of Superhydrophobic Film

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 253-256
Author(s):  
Zhan Shen Zheng ◽  
Rui Jiao Li ◽  
Pei Qi Yan ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Peng Li
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Superhydrophobic film was fabricated mainly by ethyl silicate (TEOS) and ethanol (EtOH) using sol-gel method. SiO2 gel and samples coated with SiO2 sol were calcined at different temperatures, and their morphology and composition were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicate that increasing calcining temperature appropriately improved the bond of nanoparticles of film successfully. Furthermore, there were only amorphous SiO2 and hydroxyl existing in the calcined film which would be benefit for the further modification.

scholarly journals On the Rehydration of Organic Layered Double Hydroxides to Form Graphene-LDH Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Conterosito ◽  
Luca Palin ◽  
Diego Antonioli ◽  
Maria Pia Riccardi ◽  
Enrico Boccaleri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Memory Effect ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermogravimetric Data ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Double Hydroxides ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Scanning Electron

A graphene-containing LDH was prepared by re-hydration of the oxides produced by the calcination of an organic LDH. While the memory effect is a widely recognized effect on oxides produced by inorganic LDHs, it is unprecedented from the calcination/re-hydration of organic ones. Different temperatures (400, 600 and 1100 °C) were tested, on the basis of thermogravimetric data. Water instead of a carbonate solution was used for the re-hydration, with CO2 available from water itself and/or air to induce a slower process with an easier and better intercalation of the carbonaceous species within the layers. The samples were characterized by X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), IR and Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). XRPD indicate the presence of carbonate LDH mixed with a layered phase with a larger d-spacing. IR confirmed that the prevailing anion is carbonate, coming from the water used for the re-hydration and/or air. Raman data indicated the presence of low-ordered graphenic species moieties and SEM the absence of separated graphene of graphitic sheets, suggesting an intimate mixing of the carbonaceous phase with reconstructed LDH. Organic LDHs gave better memory effect after calcination at 400 °C. Conversely, the graphenic species are observed after rehydration of the sample calcined at 600 °C with a reduced memory effect, demonstrating the interference of the carbonaceous phase with LDH reconstruction and the bonding with LDH layers to form a graphene-LDH nanocomposite.

scholarly journals Структурные превращения в борате железа при высокотемпературном отжиге

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 1229
Author(s):  
С.В. Ягупов ◽  
Н.И. Снегирёв ◽  
К.А. Селезнева ◽  
Е.Т. Милюкова ◽  
Ю.А. Могиленец ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Iron Borate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Scanning Electron

Surface morphology and crystal structure of iron borate, FeBO3, annealed at different temperatures, have been studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. The temperature range of structurally stability of iron borate has been determined. It has been established that in the range of temperatures 800–900°C recrystallization in the iron orthoborate Fe3BO6 phase, and more than 900°C − in α-Fe2O3 phase, occurs.

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