scholarly journals Remanufacturing of end-of-life glass-fiber reinforced composites via UV-assisted 3D printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-992
Author(s):  
Andrea Mantelli ◽  
Marinella Levi ◽  
Stefano Turri ◽  
Raffaella Suriano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Purpose The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of three-dimensional printing technology for the remanufacturing of end-of-life (EoL) composites. This technology will enable the rapid fabrication of environmentally sustainable structures with complex shapes and good mechanical properties. These three-dimensional printed objects will have several application fields, such as street furniture and urban renewal, thus promoting a circular economy model. Design/methodology/approach For this purpose, a low-cost liquid deposition modeling technology was used to extrude photo-curable and thermally curable composite inks, composed of an acrylate-based resin loaded with different amounts of mechanically recycled glass fiber reinforced composites (GFRCs). Rheological properties of the extruded inks and their printability window and the conversion of cured composites after an ultraviolet light (UV) assisted extrusion were investigated. In addition, tensile properties of composites remanufactured by this UV-assisted technology were studied. Findings A printability window was found for the three-dimensional printable GFRCs inks. The formulation of the composite printable inks was optimized to obtain high quality printed objects with a high content of recycled GFRCs. Tensile tests also showed promising mechanical properties for printed GFRCs obtained with this approach. Originality/value The novelty of this paper consists in the remanufacturing of GFRCs by the three-dimensional printing technology to promote the implementation of a circular economy. This study shows the feasibility of this approach, using mechanically recycled EoL GFRCs, composed of a thermoset polymer matrix, which cannot be melted as in case of thermoplastic-based composites. Objects with complex shapes were three-dimensional printed and presented here as a proof-of-concept.

Vanillin-based thiol-ene systems as photoresins for optical 3D printing

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aukse Navaruckiene ◽  
Sigita Kasetaite ◽  
Jolita Ostrauskaite
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
First Time ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Kinetics Of

Purpose This study aims to present a design and investigation of novel vanillin-based thiol-ene photocurable systems as candidate materials for optical three-dimensional printing. Design/methodology/approach Two vanillin acrylates, vanillin dimethacrylate and vanillin diacrylate, were tested in thiol-ene photocurable systems with 1,3-benzenedithiol. The kinetics of photocross-linking was investigated by real-time photorheometry using two photoinitiators, diphenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide or ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphinate in different quantities. The dependencies of rheological properties of resins on the used vanillin derivative, photoinitiator, and the presence of a solvent, as well as structure, thermal and mechanical properties of the selected polymers were investigated. Findings The most rigid polymers were obtained from vanillin diacrylate-based resins without any solvent. The vanillin diacrylate-based polymer possessed higher values of cross-linking density, the yield of insoluble fraction, thermal stability and better mechanical properties in comparison to the vanillin dimethacrylate-based polymer. Originality/value The kinetics of photocross-linking of vanillin-based thiol-ene systems was investigated by real-time photorheometry for the first time. The designed novel photocurable systems based on vanillin acrylates and 1,3-benzenedithiol are promising renewable photoresins for optical three-dimensional printing on demand.

Additive manufactured multi-material structure with directional specific mechanical properties based upon classical lamination theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1212-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugavaneswaran M. ◽  
Arumaikkannu G.
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Classical Lamination Theory ◽  
Innovative Methodology ◽  
Lamination Theory

Purpose This paper aims to additive manufacture (AM) the multi-material (MM) structure with directional-specific mechanical properties based on the classical lamination theory of composite materials. Design/methodology/approach The polyjet three-dimensional printing (3DP) process is used to fabricate the MM structure with directional-specific mechanical properties. MMs within a layer are positioned and oriented based on the classical lamination theory to achieve directional-specific properties. Mechanical behavior of the AM structure was examined under various loading conditions to justify the directional-specific properties. Findings With MM processing capabilities of the polyjet 3DP machine, AM MM structures with directional-specific mechanical properties were fabricated. From experimentation, it was observed that the AM MM structure with a quasi-isotropic laminate has superior tensile and flexural strength, and the AM MM structure with an angle ply laminate has superior shear strength. Various mechanical properties determined through testing will be useful for the selection of an appropriate layup arrangement within a structure for appropriate loading conditions. Originality/value This study presents the innovative methodology for the fabrication of AM MM structures with tailor-made mechanical properties. The developed methodology paves way for using the polyjet 3DP MM structure for applications such as the complaint mechanism, snap fits and thin features, which require directional-specific properties.

A three-dimensional shoulder protector based on ergonomics for workers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran-i Eom ◽  
Yejin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Body Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The Body ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Work Posture ◽  
Dimensional Printing

PurposeThe use of shoulder protectors is strongly recommended when carrying objects on the shoulder to ensure the health and safety of workers. Thus, this study aimed to develop and verify an ergonomic shoulder protector that considers human body shape and carrying posture from an ergonomic perspective. Ultimately, this study will present a shoulder protector with enhanced fit and safety for carrying workers at construction sites.Design/methodology/approachThe shoulder protector was designed and printed using three-dimensional printing technology with variable side neck points and shoulder point heights to reflect the human body's shoulder line shape and to position the carried object stably on the shoulder. The developed shoulder protectors were evaluated in terms of their fit according to the work posture of the carrier, adherence upon motion and durability through structural analysis.FindingsThe design of the shoulder protector for carrying workers followed the shoulder line. It is best placed above the side neck point by 1.0 cm and above the shoulder point by 2.0 cm. Its length is slightly shorter than the human shoulder for superior fit and safety.Originality/valueThe final shoulder protector (FSP) for carrying workers reflects the body curvature while enhancing fit and safety by considering activity and protective factors. As functional studies and evaluations on the need for protectors are scarce, this study provides fundamental data in the evaluation of protective gears.

Rapid manufacturing of copper-graphene composites using a novel rapid tooling technique

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurminder Singh ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Coefficient Of Friction ◽  
Rate Coefficient ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rapid Tooling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Purpose The purpose of this study is to study the mechanical, tribological and electrical properties of the copper-graphene (Cu-Gn) composites fabricated by a novel rapid tooling technique consist of three-dimensional printing and ultrasonic-assisted pressureless sintering (UAPS). Design/methodology/approach Four different Cu-Gn compositions with 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 1.5 per cent of graphene were fabricated using an amalgamation of three-dimensional printing and UAPS. The polymer 3d printed parts were used to prepare mould cavity and later the UAPS process was used to sinter Cu-Gn powder to acquire free-form shape. The density, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction and electrical conductivity were evaluated for the different compositions of graphene and compared with the pure copper. Besides, the comparison was performed with the conventional method. Findings Cu-Gn composites revealed excellent wear properties due to higher hardness, and the lubrication provided by the graphene. The electrical conductivity of the fabricated Cu-Gn composites started increasing initially but decreased afterwards with increasing the content of graphene. The UAPS fabricated composites outperformed the conventional method manufactured samples with better properties such as density, hardness, wear rate, coefficient of friction and electrical conductivity due to homogeneous mixing of metal particles and graphene. Originality/value The fabrication of Cu-Gn composite freeform shapes was found to be difficult using conventional methods. The novel technique using a combination of polymer three-dimensional printing and UAPS as rapid tooling was introduced for the fabrication of freeform shapes of Cu-Gn composites and mechanical, tribological and electrical properties were studied. The method can be used to fabricate optimized complex Cu-Gn structures with improved wear and electrical applications.

A review of 3D concrete printing systems and materials properties: current status and future research prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvash Chandra Paul ◽  
Gideon P.A.G. van Zijl ◽  
Ming Jen Tan ◽  
Ian Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Printing System ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Purpose Three-dimensional printing of concrete (3DPC) has a potential for the rapid industrialization of the housing sector, with benefits of reduced construction time due to no formwork requirement, ease of construction of complex geometries, potential high construction quality and reduced waste. Required materials adaption for 3DPC is within reach, as concrete materials technology has reached the point where performance-based specification is possible by specialists. This paper aims to present an overview of the current status of 3DPC for construction, including existing printing methods and material properties required for robustness of 3DPC structures or structural elements. Design/methodology/approach This paper has presented an overview of three categories of 3DPC systems, namely, gantry, robotic and crane systems. Material compositions as well as fresh and hardened properties of mixes currently used for 3DPC have been elaborated. Findings This paper presents an overview of the state of the art of 3DPC systems and materials. Research needs, including reinforcement in the form of bars or fibres in the 3D printable cement-based materials, are also addressed. Originality/value The critical analysis of the 3D concrete printing system and materials described in this review paper is original.

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